2. Process Evaluation
2.3. Parent and/or Caregiver, Children, and Household Characteristics
children served by the SCC program. Parents and/or caregivers were asked to complete
demographic forms during the intake session which were then entered into an Access database maintained by Kempe. The total N varies in each table based on the amount of complete data for each self-reported category.
As displayed in Table 12 on the following page, 92 percent of SCC parents and/or caregivers are female and 47 percent are Hispanic. The most common race is Hispanic at 47 percent, followed by Caucasian at 42 percent, and African American at six percent. For marital status of the SCC parents and/or caregivers, 34 percent are single, 19 percent are living together, 34 percent are married, seven percent are separated, six percent are divorced, and one percent are widowed.
For age group of the SCC parents and/or caregivers, seven percent are 14-19 years old, 29 percent are 20-25 years old, 21 percent are 26-29 years old, 33 percent are 30-39 years old, and 10 percent are 40 years or older.
Social Work Research Center | Colorado State University 13 Table 12: SCC Parent and/or Caregiver Demographics
Characteristic Frequency Percent
Caregiver gender (N = 2,128)
Female 1,958 92.0
Male 170 8.0
Caregiver Hispanic (N = 2,123)
Yes 991 46.7
No 1,132 53.3
Caregiver race (N = 2,104)
Hispanic 991 47.1
Caregiver marital status (N = 1,933)
Single 650 33.6
As displayed in Table 13 on the following page, 36 percent of SCC parents and/or caregivers reported that a language other than English was spoken in their household. For educational level of the SCC parents and/or caregivers, 25 percent have less than a high school diploma, 10 percent have a GED, 26 percent have a high school diploma, 22 percent have one to two years
4 Note that the bi-racial category includes the selection of two or more non-Hispanic race categories.
Social Work Research Center | Colorado State University 14 of college (no degree), seven percent have an associate's degree, four percent have three to four years of college (no degree), and five percent have a bachelor's degree. For employment status of the SCC parents and/or caregivers, 31 percent are homemakers, 19 percent are full-time, 14 percent are part-full-time, 13 percent are out of work/looking for work, seven percent are unable to work, six percent are out of work/not currently looking for work, six percent are students, three percent are self-employed, and one percent are retired. For housing situation, 64 percent of SCC parents and/or caregivers rent, 17 percent own, 14 percent share with relatives/friends, four percent are in temporary housing, and one percent are homeless.
Table 13: SCC Parent and/or Caregiver Characteristics
Characteristic Frequency Percent
Language other than English (N = 2,009)
Yes 720 35.8
Employment status (N = 2,085)
Homemaker 642 30.8
Housing situation (N = 2,077)
Rent 1,334 64.2
Own 347 16.7
Sharing with relatives/friends 290 14.0
Social Work Research Center | Colorado State University 15
Temporary 91 4.4
Homeless 15 0.7
Table 14 shows that 49 percent of SCC parents and/or caregivers reported receiving SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program), 66 percent received Medicaid, eight percent received earned income tax credit, 16 percent received TANF/Colorado works, and 11 percent received Head Start services. Overall, 70 percent of SCC parents and/or caregivers reported receiving at least one form of public assistance.5
Table 14: SCC Parents and/or Caregiver Public Assistance (N = 2,556)
Characteristic Frequency Percent
SNAP
Earned income tax credit
Yes 208 8.1
As displayed in Table 15 on the following page, 42 percent of SCC parents and/or caregivers make $0-$10,000, 24 percent make $10,001-$20,000, 14 percent make $20,001-$30,000, 8 percent make $30,001-$40,000, five percent make $40,001-$50,000, and seven percent make more than $50,001. For difficulty paying bills in the last year, 16 percent of SCC parents and/or
5Note that these are likely conservative estimates as "yes" is indicated by a check mark in the data entry field. If there was no check mark, this indicated either a "no" or the respondent chose to skip the question.
Social Work Research Center | Colorado State University 16 caregivers reported no difficulty, 19 percent had a little difficulty, 29 percent had some
difficulty, 17 percent had quite a bit of difficulty, and 19 percent had a great deal of difficulty.
For annual savings in the past year, three percent of SCC parents and/or caregivers reported having more than enough, 19 percent had some money left over, 43 percent had just enough, and 35.4 percent had not enough.
Table 15: SCC Parent and/or Caregiver Socioeconomic Status
Characteristic Frequency Percent
Annual household income (N = 2,033)
$0-$10,000 849 41.8
Difficulty paying bills (N = 2,142)
No difficulty 352 16.4
Responses to four health and mental health screening questions are displayed in Table 16 on the following page. These questions are asked of SCC parents and/or caregivers to help the parent support provider identify if further assessment and referral are needed. For
nervousness/anxiety, 37 percent responded they were currently experiencing it, 21 percent responded they had experienced it in the past year, nine percent responded they had not experienced it in the past year, and 33 percent responded they had never experienced it.
Regarding experiences with sadness/depression, 29 percent responded they were currently experiencing it, 23 percent responded they had experienced it in the past year, 15 percent responded they had not experienced it in the past year, and 33 percent responded they had never experienced it. Regarding experiences with sleep difficulties, 33 percent responded they were currently experiencing it, 16 percent responded they had experienced it in the past year,
Social Work Research Center | Colorado State University 17 10 percent responded they had not experienced it in the past year, and 42 percent responded they had never experienced it. Regarding experiences with physical challenges/disabilities, 20 percent responded they were currently experiencing it, eight percent responded they had experienced it in the past year, 12 percent responded they had not experienced it in the past year, and 60 percent responded they had never experienced it. Overall, 24 percent of SCC parents and/or caregivers reported having none of the challenges, 19 percent reported having one, 19 percent reported having two, 24 percent reported having three, and 15 percent reported having all four challenges, currently or in the past year. 6
Table 16: SCC Parent and/or Caregiver Health and Mental Health Screening Questions
Challenges/Issue Frequency Percent
Nervousness/anxiety (N = 2,007)
Sleep difficulties (N = 2,008)
Currently 657 32.7
In the past year 315 15.7
Not in the past year 192 9.6
Never 844 42.0
Physical challenges/disabilities (N = 1,995)
Currently 401 20.1
In the past year 166 8.3
Not in the past year 238 11.9
Never 1,190 59.6
Number of challenges (N = 2,024)
None 494 24.4
One 375 18.5
Two 378 18.7
Three 480 23.7
6 It should be noted that responses from 2014 were not included because they had a different response scale.
However, data patterns from 2014 are consistent with the data presented here.
Social Work Research Center | Colorado State University 18
All four 297 14.7
As displayed in Table 17, 75 percent of SCC parents and/or caregivers reported having a primary care provider, and 58 percent reported having a regular dentist.
Table 17: SCC Parents and/or Caregiver Health Indicators
Characteristic Frequency Percent
Primary care provider (N = 1,939)
Yes 1,462 75.4
No 477 24.6
Dentist (N = 1,930)
Yes 1,117 57.9
No 813 42.1
As displayed in Table 18 on the following page, the SCC child was male in 56 percent of the cases and Hispanic in 53 percent of the cases. The most common SCC child race is Hispanic at 50 percent, followed by Caucasian at 36 percent, bi-racial at seven percent and African American at six percent.7 For SCC child age group, 45 percent were under two years old at referral, with 17 percent under six months, 11 percent between 6-12 months, 10 percent between 12-18 months, and eight percent between 18-24 months. Additionally, 55 percent were two or older at referral, with eight percent at 18-24 months, 16 percent at two years old, 15 percent at three years old, 14 percent at four years old, and nine percent at five years old.
7 Note that the bi-racial category includes the selection of two or more non-Hispanic race categories.
Social Work Research Center | Colorado State University 19 Table 18: SCC Child Demographics
Characteristic Frequency Percent
Child gender (N = 2,430)
Male 1,358 55.9
Female 1,072 44.1
Child Hispanic (N = 2,417)
Yes 1,277 52.8
*Age range lower bound is inclusive, upper bound is exclusive.
As displayed in Table 19 on the following page, 20 percent of children were reported by parents and/or caregivers to have challenges with nervousness/anxiety, 15 percent to have challenges with sadness/depression, 26 percent to have challenges with sleep difficulties, 16 percent to have physical challenges/disabilities, 42 percent to have challenges with attention, 47 percent to have challenges with being defiant, 27 percent to have challenges with developmental delay, 24 percent to have challenges with eating/feeding, and 24 percent to have challenges with learning disabilities. Overall, 30 percent of children were reported to have no challenges, 69
Social Work Research Center | Colorado State University 20 percent reported to have at least one challenge, and one percent reported to have all nine challenges.
Table 19: Health and Mental Health Screening Questions for Any Child in the Home
Characteristic Frequency Percent
Nervousness/anxiety (N = 1,896)
Physical challenges/disabilities (N = 1,868)
Yes 305 16.3
No 1,563 83.7
Attention deficit (N = 1,915)
Yes 810 42.3
No 1,105 57.7
Child defiant (N = 1,903)
Yes 884 46.5
No 1,019 53.5
Developmental delay (N = 1,899)
Yes 513 27.0
No 1,386 73.0
Eating/feeding (N = 1,899)
Yes 451 23.7
No 1,448 76.3
Learning disabilities (N = 1,894)
Yes 456 24.1
No 1,438 75.9
Number of challenges (N = 1,937)
None 587 30.3
Between one and eight 1,326 68.5
All nine 24 1.2
Social Work Research Center | Colorado State University 21 As displayed in Table 20 on the following page, 95 percent of SCC parents and/or caregivers reported that all children in the home had a primary care provider, and 69 percent of SCC parents and/or caregivers reported that all children in the home had a regular dentist.
Table 20: SCC Child Health Indicators
Characteristic Frequency Percent
Primary care provider (N = 1,902)
Yes 1,806 95.0
No 96 5.0
Dentist (N = 1,888)
Yes 1,309 69.3
No 579 30.7
As displayed in Table 21, the average SCC parent and/or caregiver age was 29.4 years, the average SCC child age was 2.3 years, the average number of people in the household was 3.8, the average number of children in the household was 1.9, and the average number of children under six in the household was 1.4.
Table 21: SCC Household Characteristics
Characteristic Min Max Mean
Caregiver age (N = 1,519) 14.0 70.0 29.4
Child age (N = 2,473) 0.0 5.9 2.3
Number of people (N = 2,498) 2.0 6.0 3.8
Number of children (N = 2,498) 1.0 5.0 1.9
Number of children under six (N = 2,498) 1.0 4.0 1.4