• Keine Ergebnisse gefunden

Rifampicin sensitivity of the components of DNA-dependet RNA polymerase.

Nature 222, 533-537

DONOWITZ, G.R. (1994):

Tissue-directed antibiotics and intracellular parasites: Complex interactions of phagocytes, pathogens and drugs.

Clin. Infect. Dis. 19, 926-930

DOUTHWAITE, S., L.H. HANSEN u. P. MAUVAIS (2000):

Macrolide-ketolide inhibition of MLS-resistant ribosomes is improved by alternative drug interaction with domain II of 23SrRNA.

Mol. Microbiol. 36, 183-193

DUBNAU, D. (1984):

Translational attenuation: The regulation of bacterial resistance to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics.

CRC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry 16, 103-132

EDELSTEIN, P.H. u. M.A. EDELSTEIN (1999):

In vitro activity of the ketolide HMR 3647 (RU 6647) for Legionella spp., its pharmacokinetics in guinea pigs, and use of the drug to treat guinea pigs with Legionella pneumophila pneumonia.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43: 90-95

EDLUND, C., G. ALVAN, L. BARKHOLT, F. VACHERON u. C.E. NORD (2000):

Pharmacokinetics and comparative effects of telithromycin (HMR 3647) and clarithromycin on the oropharyngeal and intestinal microflora.

J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 46, 741-749

ELLENBERGER, M.A., M.L. KAEBERLE, u. J.A. ROTH (1984):

Effect of Rhodococcus equi on equine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.

Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 7, 315-324

ELLENBERGER, M.A. u. R.M. GENETZKY (1986):

Rhodococcus equi infections: literature review.

Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet. 8, 414-423

ELISSALDE, G.S., H.W. RENSHAW u. J.A. WALBERG (1980):

Corynebacterium equi: an interhost review emphasis on the foal.

Comp. Immun. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 3, 433-445

ENSINK, J.M., W.R. KLEIN, A. BARNEVALD, A.S. VAN MIERT u. A.G. VULTO (1996):

Side effects of oral antimicrobial agents in the horse: a comparison of pivampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfadiazin.

Vet. Rec. 138, 253-256

EWING, P.J., G. BURROWS, C. MACALLISTER u. C. CLARKE (1994):

Comparison of oral erythromycin formulations in the horse using pharmacokinetic profiles.

FALCON, J., B.P. SMITH, T.R. O´BRIAN, G.P. CARLSON u. E. BIBERSTEIN (1985):

Clinical and radiographic findings in Corynebacterium equi pneumonia of foals.

J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 186, 593-599

FARR, B. u. G.L. MANDELL (1982):

Rifampicin.

Med. Clin. North. Am. 66, 157-168

FELDMANN, C., R. ANDERSON, A. THERON, I. MOKGOBU, P.J. COLE u. R.

WILSON (1999):

The effects of ketolides on bioactive phospholipid-induced injury to human respiratory epithelium in vitro.

Eur. Respir. J. 13, 1022-1028

FERNANDEZ-ROBLAS, R., R. CALVO, J. ESTEBAN, A. BRYSKIER u. F.

SORIANO (1999):

The bactericidal activities of HMR 3004, HMR 3647 and erythromycin against gram-positive bacilli and development of resistance.

J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 43, 285-289

FERRERO, J.L., B.A. BOPP, K.C. MARSH, S.C. QUIGLEY, M.J. JOHNSON, D.J. ANDERSON, J.E. LAMM, K.G. TOLMAN, S.W. SANDERS u. J.H.

CAVANAUGH (1990):

Metabolism and disposition of clarithromycin in man.

Drug. Metab. Dispos.18, 441-446

FEY, K. u. P. SCHMID (1995):

Empfindlichkeit bakterieller Krankheitserreger aus dem Respirationstrakt von Pferden gegenüber Trimethoprim, Sulfadoxin, Sulfadimethoxin und

Kombinationen dieser Wirkstoffe.

Tierärztl. Prax. 23, 148-154

FINES, M., S. PRONOST, K. MAILLARD, S. TAOUJI u. R. LECLERCQ (2001):

Characterization of mutations in rpoB gene associated with rifampin resistance in Rhodococcus equi isolated from foals.

J. Clin. Microbiol. 39, 2784-2787

FINNERTY, W.R. (1992):

The biology and genetics of the genus Rhodococcus.

Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 46, 193-218

FRASER, G. (1964):

The effect on animal erythrocytes of combinations of diffusible substances produced by bacteria.

J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 88, 43-53

FORTH, W., D. HENSCHLER u. W.RUMMEL (2001):

Allgemeine und spezielle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie 8. Auflage

Verlag: Urban & Fischer, München, Jena, S. 800-803, 828ff

FOULDS, G., R.M. SHEPARD u. R.B. JOHNSON (1990):

The pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in human serum and tissues.

J. Antimicrob. Chemother. Suppl. A: 73-82

FRANKLIN, T.J. u. G.A. SNOW (1975):

Biochemistry of Antimicrobial Action.

Ed2, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 109-138

FREY, H.H. u. W. LÖSCHER (1996):

Chemotherapie bakterieller Infektionen.

In: Lehrbuch der Pharmakologie und Toxikologie für die Veterinärmedizin Verlag Enke, Stuttgart, S. 454-508

FREY, H.H. u. W. LÖSCHER (2002):

Chemotherapie bakterieller Infektionen.

In: Lehrbuch der Pharmakologie und Toxikologie für die Veterinärmedizin Verlag Enke, Stuttgart, S. 353

FURESZ, S. (1970):

Chemical and biological properties of Rifampicin.

Antibiotica et Chemotherapia 16, 316-351

GALE, E.F., E. CUNDLIFF u. P.E. REYNOLDS (1972):

The Molecular Basis of Antibiotic Action.

New York, John Wiley & Sons, 332-341

GALER, D., S. HESSONG, B. BEATO, J. RISK, P. INSKEEP, C.

WEERASINGHE, R.P. SCHNEIDER, C. LANGER, J. LAPERLE, D. RENOUF, A. BESSIRE, E. ESPANOL, R. RAFKA, C. RAGAN, W. BOETTNER, T.

MURPHY, D. KELLER, H. BENCHAOUI u. M.A. NOWAKOWSKI (2004):

An analytical method for the analysis of tulathromycin, an equilibrating triamilide, in bovine and porcine plasma and lung.

J. Agric. Food. Chem. 52, 2179-2191

GASKIN, J.M., R.R. KING, u. T.J. LANE (1990):

Serological detection of Rhodococcus equi infections in foals.

Proceedings Annu Vet. Med. Forum 8, 581-584

GIGUÈRE, S., u. J.P. LAVOIE (1994):

Rhodococcus equi vertebral osteomyelitis in 3 Quarter horse colts.

Equine Vet. J. 26, 74-77

GIGUÈRE, S. u. J.F. PRESCOTT (1997):

Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Rhodococcus equi infections in foals.

J. Vet. Microbiol. 56, 313-334

GIGUÈRE, S., S. JACKS, G.D. ROBERTS, J. HERNANDEZ, M.T. LONG u. C.

ELLIS (2004):

Retrospective comparison of azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin for the treatment of foals with Rhodococcus equi Pneumonia.

J. Vet. Intern. Med 18, 568-573

GIRARD, A.E., D. GIRARD, A.R. ENGLISH, T.D. GOOTZ, C.R.

CIMOCHOWSKI, J.A. FAIELLA, S.L. HASKELL u. J.A. RETSEMA (1987):

Pharmacokinetic and in vivo studies with azithromycin (CP-62, 993), a new macrolide with an extended half-life and excellent tissue distribution.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 31, 1948-1954

GIRLING, D.J. u. K.L. HITZE (1979):

Adverse reactions to rifampicin.

Bull. W.H.O. 57, 45-49

GLADUE, R.P., G.M. BRIGHT, R.E. ISAACSON u. M.F. NEWBORG (1989):

In vitro and in vivo uptake of azithromycin (CP-62, 993) by phagocytic cells:

possible mechanism of delivery and release at site of infection.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33, 277-282

GLADUE, R.P. u. M.E. SNIDER (1990):

Intracellular accumulation of azithromycin by cultured human fibroblast.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34, 1056-1060

GOLDMAN, R.C. u. J.O. CAPOBIANCO (1990):

Role of an energy-dependent efflux pump in plasmid pNE24-mediated

resistance to 14- and 15-membered macrolides in Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34, 1973-1980

GUSTAFSSON A, V. BÅVERUD, A. GUNNARSSON, M. HORN AF RANTZIEN, A. LINDHOLM u. A. FRANKLIN (1997):

The association of erythromycin ethylsuccinate with acute colitis induction in horses in Sweden.

Equine Vet. J. 4, 314-318

GUSTAFSSON, A., V. BÅVERUD, A. FRANKLIN, A. GUNNARSSON, G.

ÖGREN u. C. INGVAST-LARSSON (1999):

Repeated administration of trimethoprim/sulfadiazine in the horse

pharmacokinetics, plasma protein binding and influence on the intestinal microflora.

J. Vet. Pharm. Therap. 22, 20-26

HAIGHT, T.H. u. M. FINLAND (1952a):

Observations on mode of action of erythromycin.

Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 81, 188-193

HAIGHT, T.H. u. M. FINLAND (1952b):

Laboratory and clinical studies on erythromycin.

The New England Journal of Medicine 247, 227-232

HAITES, R.E., G. MUSKATELLO, A.P. BEGG u. G.F. BROWNING (1997):

Prevalence of the virulence-associated gene of Rhodococcus equi in isolates from infected foals.

J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 1642-1644

HANSEN, L.H., P. MAUVAIS u. S. DOUTHWAITE (1999):

The macrolide-ketolide antibiotic binding site is formed by structures in domains II and V of 23S ribosomal RNA.

Mol. Microbiol. 31, 623-631

HAROLD, C. u. M.D. NEU (1991):

Clinical microbiology of azithromycin.

Am. J. Medicine 91, Suppl. 3A, 3A12-18

HEYERS, P. (2005):

Vergleich des Nachweises von Rhodococcus equi durch mikrobiologische Kultur mit dem Nachweis durch die Polymerase Chain Reaction in

endoskopisch entnommenem Tracheobronchialsekret bei Fohlen.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochsch., Diss.

HIETALA, S.K. u. A.A. ARDANS (1987):

Neutrophil phagocytic and serum opsonic response of the foal to Corynebacterium equi.

Vet. Immun. Immunpathol. 14, 279-294

HILLIDGE, C.J. (1986):

Review of Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus) equi lung abscesses in foals:

pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.

Vet. Rec. 119, 261-264

HILLIDGE, C.J. (1987):

Use of erythromycin-rifampin combination in treatment of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.

Vet. Microbiol. 14, 337-342

HÖHENSTEIGER, N. (2005):

Nachweis der Tulathromycinkonzentration im Plasma und in der

bronchoalveolären Lavageflüssigkeit beim Fohlen mittels HPLC/MS/MS nach einmaliger i.m. Applikation, mit und ohne Kombination von Rifampicin.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochsch., Diss.

HOLDSTOCK, N. (2003):

Rhodococcus equi.

In: Proceedings, 35 Ann. Cong. Equine Pract. Group, 110-113

HONDALUS, M.K. u. D.M. MOSSER (1994):

Survival and replication of Rhodococcus equi in macrophages.

Infect. Immun. 62, 4167-4175

HONDALUS, M.K. (1997):

Pathogenesis and virulence of Rhodococcus equi.

Vet. Microbiol. 56, 257-268

HUGHES, K.L. u. I. SULAIMAN (1987):

The ecology of Rhodococcus equi and physicochemical influence on growth.

Vet. Microbiol. 14, 241-250

JACKS, S., S. GIGUÈRE, R.R. GRONWALL, M.P. BROWN, A. KELLY u. B.S MERRITT (2001):

Pharmacokinetics of azithromycin and concentration in body fluids and broncheoalveolar cells in foals.

Am. J. Vet. Res. 62, 1870-1875

JACKS, S., S. GIGUÈRE, R.R. GRONWALL, M.P. BROWN u. K.A. MERRITT (2002):

Disposition of oral clarithromycin in foals.

J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 25, 359-362

JACKS, S., S. GIGUÈRE u. A. NGUYEN (2003):

In vitro susceptibilities of Rhodococcus equi and other common equine pathogens to Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, and 20 other Antimicrobials.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47, 1742-1745

JOHNSON, J.A., J.F. PRESCOTT u. R.J.F. MARKHAM (1983):

The pathology of experimental Corynebacterium equi infection in foals following intragastric challenge.

Vet. Pathol. 20, 450-459

KARIMI, R. u. M. EHRENBERG (1994):

Dissociation rate of cognate peptidylt-RNA from the A-site of hyper-accurate and error-prone ribosomes.

Eur. J. Biochem. 226, 355-360

KEHRT, R. (2005):

Vergleichende Behandlung von Lungenabszessen beim Fohlen mit Tulathromycin und Azithromycin in Kombination mit Rifampicin.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochsch., Diss.

KENNEY, D.G., S.C. ROBBINS, J.F. PRESCOTT, A. KAUSHIK u. J.D. BAIRD (1994):

Development of reactive arthritis and resistance to erythromycin and rifampin in a foal during treatment for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.

Equine Vet. J. 25, 246-248

KERRY, D.W., J.M.T. HAMILTON-MILLER u. W. BRUMFITT (1975):

Trimethoprim and rifampicin: in vitro activities separately and in combination.

J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1, 417-427

KIRST, H.A. (1991):

New macrolides: Expanded horizons for an old class of antibiotics.

J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 28, 787-790

KÖHLER, W., H.J. EGGERS, B. FLEISCHER, R. MARRE, H. PFISTER u. G.

PULVERER (2001):

Medizinische Mikrobiologie.

8. Auflage

Urban & Fischer, München/Jena, 449-450

LAKRITZ, J., W.D. WILSON u. J.E. MIHALYI (1999):

Comparison of microbiologic and high-performance liquid chromatography assays to determine plasma concentrations, pharmacokinetics, and

bioavailability of erythromycin base in plasma of foals after intravenous or intragastric administration.

Am. J. Vet. Res. 60, 414-419

LAKRITZ, J. u. W.D. WILSON (2002):

Erythromycin and other macrolide antibiotics for treating Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals.

Comp. Cont. Educ. Pract. Vet. 24, 256-261

LALAK, N.J. u. D.L. MORRIS (1993):

Azithromycin clinical pharmacokinetics.

Clin. Pharmacokin. 25, 370-374

LARSON, V.L. (1980):

Antibacterial therapy for pulmonary infections.

J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 176, 1091-1094

LAVOIE, J.P., L. FISET u. S. LAVERTY (1994):

Review of 40 cases of lung abscesses in foals and adult horses.

Equine Vet. J. 26, 348-352

LINTON, J.A.M., u. M.A. GALLAHER (1969):

Suppurative bronchopneumonia in a foal associated with Corynebacterium equi.

Ir. Vet. J. 23, 197-200

LÜLLMANN, H., K. MOHR u. M. WEHLING (2003):

Pharmakologie und Toxikologie.

15. Ausgabe

Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart/ New York, 436-437

LONG, M.W., D.E. SNIDER u. L.S. FARER (1979):

U.S. Public health service cooperative trial of three rifampin-isoniazid regimens in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 119, 879-894

MAGNUSSON, H. (1923):

Spezifische infektiöse Pneumonie beim Fohlen. Ein neuer Eitererreger beim Pferde.

Arch. Wiss. Prakt. Tierheilk. 50, 22-38

MACKENZIE, F.M. u. I.M. GOULT (1993):

The postantibiotic effect- Review.

J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 32, 519-537

MANDELL, G.L. (1983):

The antimicrobial activity of rifampicin: emphasis on the relation to phagocytes.

Rev. Infect. Dis. 5, Suppl., 463-467

MANDELL, G.L. u. E.J. COLEMAN (2000):

Activities of antimicrobial agents against intracellular pneumococci.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44, 2561-2563

MARTENS, R.J., R.A. FISKE u. H.W. RENSHAW (1982):

Experimental subacute foal pneumonia induced by aerosol administration of Corynebacterium equi.

Equine Vet. J. 14, 111-116

MARTENS, J.G., R.J. MARTENS u. H.W. RENSHAW (1988):

Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi: bactericidal capacity of neutrophils from neonatal and adult horses.

Am. J. Vet. Res. 49, 295-299

MARTENS, R.J., J.G. MARTENS, R.A. FISKE u. S. HIETALA (1989):

Rhodococcus equi foal pneumonia: Protective effects of immune plasma in experimentally infected foals.

Equine Vet. J. 21, 249-255

MASCELLINO, M.T., E. IONA, R. PONZO, C.M. MASTROIANNI u. S. DELIA (1994):

Infections due to Rhodococcus equi in three HIV-infected patients:

microbiological findings and antibiotic susceptibility.

Int. J. Clin. Pharm. Res. 14, 157-163

MEIJER, W.G. u. J.F. PRESCOTT (2004):

Rhodococcus equi.

Vet. Res. 35, 383-396

MEISEL, S., R. PUPKOFF u. J. SVAAN (1980):

In vitro effect of rifampin on serum bilirubin determination.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 18, 206-207

MEYER-HAMME, M.B. (2004):

Rhodococcus equi und Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus aus Nasentupfern und Tracheobronchialsekret von lungenkranken Fohlen.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochsch., Diss.

MORGAN, D.W.T. u. G. WHITE (1983):

Studies in horses dosed with trimethoprim and sulfadiazine.

Vlaams Diergeneeskd Tijdschr. 52, 88-94

MUSCATELLO, G. u. G.F. BROWNING (2004):

Identification and differentiation of avirulent and virulent Rhodococcus equi using selective media and colony blotting DNA hybridization to determine their concentrations in the environment.

Vet. Microbiol. 100, 121-127

MUTSCHLER, E., G. GEISSLINGER, H.K. KROEMER u. SCHLÄFER-KORTING (2001):

Arzneimittelwirkungen: Lehrbuch der Pharmakologie und Toxikologie.

Auflage 8

Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart, 773-776, 806-809, 816-820

MÜLLER, N.S. u. J.E. MADIGAN (1992):

Methods of implementation of an immunoprophylaxis program for the

prevention of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia: Results of a 5-year field study.

Proc. Am. Ass. Equine Pract. 38, 193-201

NAKAZAWA, M. u. H. NEMOTO (1980):

Synergistic haemolysis phenomenon of Listeria monocytogenes and Corynebacterium equi.

Jpn. J. Vet. Sci. 42, 603-607

NAKAZAWA, M., Y. ISAYAMA u. M. KASHIWAZAKI (1987):

Diagnosis of Rhodococcus equi infection in foals by the agar gel diffusion test with protein antigen.

Vet. Microbiol. 15, 105-113

NEU, H.C. (1990):

Antibacterial therapy: problems and promises, Part II.

Hospital Practice 23, 181-194

NEU, H.C. (1991):

Clinical microbiology of azithromycin.

Am. J. Med. 91, Suppl. 3A, 12S-18S

NICHOLSON, V.M., u. J.F. PRESCOTT (1997):

Restriction enzyme analysis of the virulence plasmids of VapA-positive Rhodococcus equi strains isolated from humans and horses.

J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 738-740

NIGHTINGALE, C.H. (1997):

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of newer macrolides.

Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 16, 438-443

NILIUS, A.M., M.H. BUI, L. ALMER, D. HENSEY-RUDLOFF, J. BEYER, Z. MA, Y.S. OR u. R.K. FLAMM (2001):

Comparative in vitro activity of abt-773, a novel antibacterial ketolide.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 2163-2168

NORDMANN, P. u. E. RONCO (1992):

In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Rhodococcus equi.

J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 29, 383-393

NOWAKOWSKI, M.A., P.B. INSKEEP, J.E. RISK, T.L. SKOGERBOE, H.A.

BENCHAOUI, T.R. MEINERT, J. SHERINGTON u. S.J. SUNDERLAND (2004):

Pharmacokinetics and lung tissue concentrations of tulathromycin, a new triamilid antibiotic in cattle.

Vet. Ther. 5, 60-74

OMURA, S., K. TSUZUKI, T. SUNAZUKA, H. TOYOTA, I. TAKAHASHI u. Z.

ITOH (1985):

Gastrointestinal motor-stimulating activity of macrolide antibiotics and the structure-activity relationship.

J. antibiotics 38, 1631-1632

OTTERSON, M.F. u. S.K. SARNA (1990):

Gastrointestinal motor effects of erythromycin.

Am. J. Physiol. 259, G355-G363

PASCUAL, A.A., S. BALLESTA, I. GARCIA u. E.J. PEREA (2001):

Uptake and intracellular activity of ketolide HMR 3647 in human phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells.

Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 7, 65-69

PERITI, P., T. MAZZEI, E. MINI u. A. NOVELLI (1989):

Clinical pharmacokinetic properties of the macrolide antibiotics. Effects of age and various pathophysiological states Part I-II.

Clin. Pharmacol. 16, 193-214 & 261-282

PERITI, P., T. MAZZEI, E. MINI u. A. NOVELLI (1993):

Adverse effects of macrolide antibacterials.

Drugs Safety 9, 346-364

PEETERS, T., G. MATTHIJS, I. DEPOORTERE, T. CACHET, J.

HOOGMARTENS u. G. VANTRAPPEN (1989):

Erythromycin is a motilin receptor agonist.

Am. J. Physiol. 257, G470-G474

PETERS, D.H., H.A. FRIEDEL u. D. MC TAVISH (1992):

Azithromycin. A review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy.

Drugs 44, 750-799

PILTZ, K. (2004):

Vergleichende Behandlung von Rhodococcus equi-Pneumonien bei Fohlen mit Azithromycin und Rifampicin in Kombination mit Erythromycin bzw.

Trimethoprim/Sulfadiazin.

PRESCOTT, J.F. (1981):

The susceptibility of isolates of Corynebacterium equi to antimicrobial drugs.

J. Vet. Pharm. Therap. 4, 27-31

PRESCOTT, J.F., R. COSHAN-GAUTHIER u. L. BARKSDALE (1984):

Antibody to equi factor(s) in the diagnosis of Corynebacterium equi pneumonia of foals.

Can. J. Comp. Med. 48, 370-373

PRESCOTT, J.F. u. V.M. NICHOLSON (1984):

The effects of combination of selected antibiotics on the growth of Corynebacterium equi.

J. Vet. Pharm. Therap. 7, 61-64

PRESCOTT, J.F. u. C.R. SWEENEY (1985):

Treatment of Corynebacterium equi pneumonia of foals: A review.

J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 187, 725-728

PRESCOTT, J.F. (1987):

Epidemiology of Rhodococcus equi infection in horses.

Vet. Microbiol. 14, 211-214

PRESCOTT, J.F. (1991):

Rhodococcus equi: An animal and human pathogen.

Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 4, 20-34

PRESCOTT, J.F. u. J.D. BAGGOT (1993):

Lincosamides, Macrolides and Pleuromutilins.

In: Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine.

Verlag Iowa State University Press, Ames, S.186-202

PRESCOTT, J.F. u. A.M. HOFFMAN (1993):

Rhodococcus equi.

Vet. Clin. North. Am.: Equine Pract. 9, 375-383

PROKESCH, R.C. u. W.L. HAND (1982):

Antibiotic entry into human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 21, 373-380

RAGHOEBAR, M., E. LINDEYER, W.B. VAN DEN BERG u. C.A.M. VAN GINNEKEN (1988):

On the mechanisms of association of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin with isolated human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

Biochem. Pharmacol. 37, 3221-3227

RAHL, K, A. KODJO, u. D. GREZEL (1999):

Isolation of a new type of virulence plasmid DNA in Rhodococcus equi strains from horse and equine environment in France.

Rev. Med. Vet. 150, 349-352

REEF, V.B. (1991):

Ultrasonographic evaluation.

In: J. Beech (Hrsg): Equine Respiratory Disorders.

Verlag Lea and Febiger, S. 69-88

ROONEY, J.R. (1966):

Corynebacterial infection in foals.

Mod. Vet. Pract. 47, 43-45

ROSATO, A., H. VICARINI, A. BONNEFOY, J.F. CHANTOT u. R. LECLERCQ (1998):

A new ketolide, HMR 3004, active against streptococci inducibly resistant to erythromycin.

ROSSDALE, P.D. (1981):

Diagnose von Erkrankungen zwischen der 2. Lebenswoche und dem 18.

Lebensmonat.

In: Rossdale, P.D. (Hrsg.): Pferdepraxis, Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, S.

50

SCHENTAG, J.J. u. C.H. BALLOW (1991):

Tissue directed pharmacokinetics.

Am. J. Med. 91, (Suppl. 3A): 5-11

SCHWARZ, S. u. F.-J. SCHMITZ (2001)

Genetische Grundlagen der Resistenz gegenüber Makroliden, Lincosamiden und Streptograminen.

Der Mikrobiologe 11, 203-209

SCHWARZ, S. u. F.-J. SCHMITZ (2002)

Ketolide zur Behandlung von Staphylokokken-Infektionen: Zur Problematik des Einsatzes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Selektion resistenter

Bakterien.

Chemother. J. 11, 214-221

SCHWEIGER, A. (2002):

Ketolid bietet sichere First-Line-Therapie.

Fachpresse-Infotainment, „Ketek® NewsTicker“

Journal Med. 2, 24-27

SELBITZ, H.J. (2002a):

Infektionen mit Rhodococcus equi.

In: ROLLE, M., MAYER, A. (Hrsg.): Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Infektions- und Seuchenlehre.

Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 7. Auflage, S. 553-554

SELBITZ, H.J. (2002b):

Mastitis durch Streptococcus agalactiae; „Gelber Galt“.

In: ROLLE, M., MAYER, A. (Hrsg.): Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Infektions- – und Seuchenlehre.

Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 5. Auflage, S. 702

SENSI, P., A.M. GRECO, R. BALLOTTA (1960):

Rifamycin I. Isolation and properties of rifamycin B and rifamycin complex.

Antibiot. An. 7, 262-270

SENSI, P., N. MAGGI, R. BALLOTTA, S. FURESZ, R. PALLANZA u. V. ARIOLI (1964):

Rifamycins. XXXV. Amides and hydrazides of rifamycin B3.

J. Med. Chem. 53, 596-602

SENSI, P., N. MAGGI, S. FURESZ u. G. MAFFII (1966):

Chemical modifications and biological properties of rifamycins.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 6, 699-714

SHAW, K.J., P.N. RATHER, R.S. HARE u. G.H. MILLER (1993):

Molecular genetics of aminoglycoside resistance genes and familial relationships of the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes.

Microbiol. Rev. 57, 138-163

SIEGMUND, W. u. W. WEITSCHIES (2002):

Interaktionen mit Antiinfektiva.

PZ Prisma 9. Jahrgang Nr.4, 217-228

SIEGMUND, W., W. WEITSCHIES u. H.K. KROEMER (2003):

Arzneimittelinteraktionen.

MMP 26, 83-91

SIPPEL, W.L., E.E. KEAHEY u. T.L. BULLARD (1968):

Corynebacterium infection in foals: ethiology, pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis.

J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 153, 1610-1613

SMITH, J.E. (1966):

Corynebacterium species as animal pathogens.

J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29, 119-130

SMITH, B.P. u. R.C. ROBINSON (1981):

Studies of an outbreak of Corynebacterium equi pneumonia in foals.

Equine Vet. J. 13, 223-228

SORIANO, F., J. ZAPARDIEL u. E. NIETO (1995):

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Corynebacterium species and other non-spore-forming gram-positive bacilli to 18 Antimicrobial Agents.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39, 208-214

SORIANO, F., R. FERNÁNDEZ-ROBLAS, R. CALVO u. G. GARCIA-CALVO (1998):

In vitro Susceptibilities of Aerobic and Facultative Non-Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli to HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and 14 Other Antimicrobials.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 1028-1033

STAHLMANN, R. u. H. LODE (2001):

Antibiotika und Chemotherapeutika.

In: FORTH, W., D. HENSCHLER u. W. RUMMEL (Hrsg.): Allgemeine und spezielle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie.

Verlag Urban und Fischer, München-Jena, S. 791-871

STRATTON-PHELPS, M., W.D. WILSON u. I.A. GARDNER (2000):

Risk of adverse effects in pneumonic foals treated with erythromycin versus other antibiotics: 143 cases (1986-1996).

J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 217, 68-73

SWEENEY, C.R., R.W. SWEENEY u. T.J. DIVERS (1987):

Rhodococcus equi Pneumonia in 48 Foals: Response to Antimicrobial Therapy.

Vet. Microbiol. 14, 329-336

TANAKA, Y., K. YAZAWA, E.R. DABBS, H. NISHIKAWA, H. KOMAKI, Y.

MIKAMI, M. MIYAJI, N. MORISAKI u. S. IWASAKI (1996):

Different rifampicin inactivation mechanisms in Nocardia and related taxa.

Microbiol. Immunol. 40, 1-4

TAIT-KAMRADT, A., T. DAVIES, M. CRONAN, M.R. JAKOBS, P.C.

APPELBAUM u. J. SUTCLIFFE (2000):

Mutations in 23S rRNA and ribosomal protein L4 account for resistance in pneumococcal strains selected in vitro by macrolide passage.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44, 2118-2125

TAKAI, S., S. KAWAZU u. S. TSUBAKI (1985):

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus) equi infection in foals.

Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 46, 2166-2170

TAKAI, S., T. FUJIMORI, K. KATSUZAKI u. S. TSUBAKI (1987):

Ecology of Rhodococcus equi in horses and their environment on horse-breeding farms.

Vet. Microbiol. 14, 233-239

TAKAI, S., S. OHBUSHI, K. KOIKE, S. TSUBAKI, H. OISHI u. M. KAMADA (1991):

Prevalence of virulent Rhodococcus equi in isolates from soil and faeces of horses from horse-breeding farms with and without endemic infections.

J. Clin. Microbiol. 29, 2887-2889

TAKAI, S., Y. WATANABE, T. IKEDA, T. OZAWA, S. MATSUKARA, Y.

TAMADA, S. TSUBAKI u. T. SEKIZAKI (1993a):

Virulence-associates plasmids in Rhodococcus equi.

J. Clin. Microbiol. 31, 1726-1729

TAKAI, S., M. IIE, C. KOBAYASHI, T. MORISHITA, T. NISHIO, T. ISHIDA, T.

FUJIMURA, Y. SASAKI u. S. TSUBAKI (1993b):

Monoclonal antibody specific to virulence-associated 15- to- 17-kilodalton antigens of Rhodococcus equi.

J. Clin. Microbiol. 31, 2780-2782

TAKAI, S., T. SUGAWARA, Y. WATANABE, Y. SASAKI, S. TSUBAKI u. T.

SEKIZAKI (1994a):

Effect of growth temperature on maintenance of virulent Rhodococcus equi.

Vet. Microbiol. 39, 187-192

TAKAI, S., T. MORISHITA u. Y. NISHIO (1994b):

Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based colony blot test for rapid identification of virulent Rhodococcus equi.

J. Vet. Med. Sci. 56, 681-684

TAKAI, S., Y. SASAKI, T. IKEDA, Y. UCHIDA, S. TSUBAKI u. T. SEKIZAKI (1994c):

Virulence of Rhodococcus equi isolates from patients with and without AIDS.

J. Clin. Microbiol. 32, 457-460

TAKAI, S., T. IKEDA u. Y. SASKI (1995a):

Identification of virulent Rhodococcus equi by amplification of gene coding for 15- to 17-kilodalton antigens.

J. Clin. Microbiol. 33, 1624-1627

TAKAI, S., Y. SASAKI u. S. TSUBAKI (1995b):

Rhodococcus equi infection in foals J. Equine Sci. 6, 105-119

TAKAI, S., N. FUKUNAGA, K. KAMISAWA, Y. IMAI, Y. SASAKI u. S. TSUBAKI (1996):

Expression of virulence-associated antigens of Rhodococcus equi is regulated by temperature and pH.

Microbiol. Immunol. 40, 591-594

TAKAI, S. (1997a):

Epidemiology of Rhodococcus equi infections: a review.

Vet. Microbiol. 56, 167-176

TAKAI, S., K. TAKEDA, Y. NAKANO, T. KARASAWA, J. FURUGOORI, Y.

SASAKI, S. TSUBAKI, T. HIGUCHI, T. ANZAI, R. WADA u. M. KAMADA (1997b):

Emergence of rifampicin-resistant Rhodococcus equi in an infected foal.

J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 1904-1908

TAKAI, S., M. SHODA, Y. SASAKI, S. TSUBAKI, G. FORTIER, S. PRONOST, K. RAHAL, T. BECU, A. BEGG, G. BROWNING, V.M. NICHOLSON u. J.F.

PRESCOTT (1999):

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of virulent plasmids in Rhodococcus equi.

J. Clin. Microbiol. 37, 3417-3420

TAKAI, S., S.A. HINES, T. SEKIZAKI, V.M. NICHOLSON, D.A. ALPERIN, M.

OSAKI, D. TAKAMATSU, M. NAKAMURA, K. SUZUKI, N. OGINO, T. KAKUDA, H. DAN u. J.F. PRESCOTT (2000):

DNA sequence and comparison of virulence plasmids from Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33701 and 103.

Infect. Immun. 68, 6840-6847

TAKAI, S., M.K. CHAFFIN, N.D. COHEN, M. HARA, M. NAKAMURA, T.

KAKUDA, Y. SASAKI, S. TSUBAKI u R.J. MARTENS (2001):

Prevalence of virulent Rhodococcus equi in soil from five Rhodococcus equi-endemic horse-breeding farms and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of virulence plasmids in isolates from soil and infected foals in Texas.

J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 13, 489-494

THORNSBERRY, C., B.C. HILL, J.M. SWENSON u. L.K. MC DOUGAL (1983):

Rifampin: Spectrum of antibacterial activity.

Rev.Infect.Dis. 5, Suppl. 3, 5412-5417

TRAEDER, W. u. M. GROTHUES (2004):

Pharmakologische Eigenschaften und Wirksamkeit von Tulathromycin, dem ersten Vertreter der Triamilid-Antibiotika.

Tierärztliche Umschau 59, 102-113

VAN DUIJKEREN, E., A.G. VULTO, M.M. SLOET VAN

OLDRUITENBORGHOOSTERBAAN, D.J. MEVIUS, B.G.F. KESSELS, H.J.

BREUKING u. A.M. VAN MIERT (1994):

A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral trimethoprim/sulfadiazine formulations in the horse.

J. Vet. Pharm. Therap. 17, 440-446

VAN DUIJKEREN, E., A.G. VULTO, M.M. SLOET VAN

OLDRUITENBORGHOOSTERBAAN, B.G.F. KESSELS, A.M. VAN MIERT u.

H.J. BREUKING (1995):

Pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim/sulfachlorpyridazine in horses after oral, nasogastric and intravenous administration.

J. Vet. Pharm. Therap. 18, 47-53

VANNUFFEL, P. u. C. COCITO (1996):

Mechanism of action of streptogramins and macrolides.

Drugs 51, Suppl. 1, 20-30

VAZIFEH, D., A. PREIRA, A. BRYSKIER u. M.T. LABRO (1998):

Interactions between HMR 3647, a new ketolide, and human polymorphonuclear neutrophils.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 1944-1951

VESTER, B. u. S. DOUTHWAITE (2001):

Macrolide resistance conferred by base substitutions in 23S rRNA.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 1-12

WADA, R., M. KAMADA, T. ANZAI, A. NAKANISHI, T. KANEMARU, S. TAKAI, u. S. TSUBAKI (1997):

Pathogenicity and virulence of Rhodococcus equi in foals following intratracheal challenge.

Vet. Microbiol. 56, 301-312

WEISBLUM, B. (1984):

Inducible erythromycin resistance in bacteria.

British Medical Bullentin 40, 47-53

WEISS, E. u. R. RUDOLPH (1988):

Katharrhalisch-eitrige Bronchopneumonien, Pferd: Corynebacterium equi.

In: DAHME, E. und E. WEISS (Hrsg.): Grundriß der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie der Haustiere.

Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 4. Auflage, S. 109-110

WHITE, G. u. S.D. PRIOR (1982):

Comparative effects of oral administration of trimethoprim/sulfadiazine or oxytetracycline of the faecal flora of horses.

Vet. Rec. 111, 316-318

WILLIAMS, J.D. u. A.M. SEFTON (1993):

Comparison of macrolide antibiotics.

J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 31, Suppl. C, 11-26

WILSON, M.M. (1955):

A study of Corynebacterium equi infection in a study of Thoroughbred horses in Victoria.

Austr. Vet. J. 31, 175-181

WILSON, W.D., M.S. SPENSLEY, J.D. BAGGOT u. S.K. HIETALA (1988):

Pharmakokinetics, bioavailability, and in vitro antibacterial activity of rifampin in the horse.

Am. J. Vet. Res. 49, 2041-2046

WILSON, W.D. (1992):

Foal pneumonia.

In: N.E. ROBINSON (Hrsg): Current therapy in equine medicine, 3. Aufl.

Verlag W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, S. 466-473

WOOLCOCK, J.B. u. H.B. RUDDICK (1973):

Corynebacterium in cattle.

Corynebacterium in cattle.