Subindicator Sub-
subindicator Unit Data Source Year
of Data Where Available
KD1 Access to
None # WHO 2012 http://www.wssinfo.org/data-estimates/tables
KD2 Broad
economy Coefficient of variation rainfall and storage/
TRWR
FAO AQAUSTAT Literature
2012 Harris et al. (2014) FAO AQUASTAT (2015)
2013 World Bank (2015) FAO AQUASTAT (2015)
Eriyagama et al. (2009) New et al. (2002) FAO AQUASTAT (2015) World Bank (2015) Data
2013 ADB (2015a, 2015b, 2015c) FAO AQUASTAT (2015) Harris et al. (2014)
Hoekstra and Mekonnen (2012) IEA (2015)
USEIA (n.d.) World Bank (2015) Agriculture Total agriculture
production/
IIASA and FAO (n.d.)
MOD 16 (n.d.) http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/
dataproducts.php?MOD_NUMBER=16
2013 ADB (2015a; 2015b; 2015c) Hoekstra and Mekonnen (2012) World Bank (2015)
continued on next page
Overview of Databases Used for the Indicators and Subindicators
113
Subindicator Sub-
subindicator Unit Data Source Year
of Data Where Available
KD2 Energy GWh
production/
Gerbens-Leenes et al. (2008) IPCC (2012)
IEA (2015)
Mekonnen et al. (2015) Present per
USEIA 2013 ADB (2015a; 2015b) USEIA (n.d.)
Industry Industry GDP/
Industry withdrawal
$ million/
km3 World Bank 2013 ADB (2015c) World Bank (2015) KD3 Piped urban
water supply
Nations 2014 UN (2015) Derived data
access to improved sanitation
% of
population JMP 2014 JMP (2015)
Flood and
storm damage Monetary damage due
population # JMP 2014 JMP (2015)
GDP per capita % GDP EM-DAT
World Bank 2014 World Bank (2015) UNESCAP (2015) River health
index – ADB 2010 AWDO (2016)
Urban growth
rate None %/yr UNESCAP 2014 UNESCAP (2015)
KD4 River health
index Based on
model results 0–1 2010 Manuscript in preparation
Threat to environmental water security
0–1 2000 Vörösmarty et al.
(2010) http://riverthreat.net/data.html Total annual
runoff km3 2000
2010 Warszawski et al.
(2013) Contact Balazs Fekete, CUNY Environmental CrossRoads Initiative, bfekete@ccny.cuny.edu
Population (per
grid cell) # people CIESIN 2000 CIESIN (2011)
(gridded data) http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/
data/collection/grump-v1
IIASA 2000
2010 IIASA, SSP database v1.0 (country
continued on next page
114
Appendix 7Table continued
continued on next page Subindicator Sub-
subindicator Unit Data Source Year
of Data Where Available
KD4 River health
index Water demand (water withdrawn from grid cell flow)
km3 2000
2010 Flörke et. al. (2013) Warszawski et al.
(2013)
Center for Environmental Systems Research
GDP (per grid
cell) $
(billion) 2000 Nordhaus et al.
(2006) (gridded data)
http://gecon.yale.edu (World Bank data for each country provide the basis for this spatially distributed data)
SSP 2000
2010 SSP database v1.0 (country GDP
grid cell IIASA 2000
2010 Manuscript in
preparation Guenther Fischer, IIASA
Agriculture production (cultivation/
livestock)
Gross
value ($) IIASA 2000
2010 Manuscript in
preparation Guenther Fischer, IIASA
Flow
alteration Proportion of undisturbed least once per year
% Lit. 2010 Warszawski et al. (2013)
Contact Balazs Fekete, CUNY Environmental CrossRoads Initiative, bfekete@ccny.cuny.edu
Environmental
management Wastewater
treatment % Yale 2014 Yale Environmental Performance Index (2014) http://epi.
yale.edu/
Pesticide
regulation % 2014
Forest loss
since 2000 % 2014
Terrestrial
#/km2 UNESCAP 2012 UNESCAP Online Statistical Database
Exposure urban
growth rate % UNESCAP 2012 UNESCAP Online Statistical Database Exposure
population growth rate
% UNESCAP 2012 UNESCAP Online Statistical Database
Vulnerability governance (corruption)
index Transparency
International 2014 Transparency International
https://www.transparency.org/cpi2014/results
Overview of Databases Used for the Indicators and Subindicators
115
Subindicator Sub-
subindicator Unit Data Source Year
of Data Where Available
KD5 General
% UNESCAP 2013 UNESCAP Online Statistical Database
V. % Net ODA to gross net income
% World Bank 2012 World Bank Database (World Development Indicators)
Infant mortality rate / 1,000 births
# UNESCAP 2013 UNESCAP Online Statistical Database
CH. pot.
investment density
World Bank 2014 World Bank Database (World Development Indicators)
CS. literacy
ratio % CIA 2015
est. CIA World Fact Book CS. education
(enrolment ratio)
% UNDP 2014 UNDP Human Development Report
CS. information
(TV/1,000 inh.) # NationMaster 2003 NationMaster.com Australia CS. Information
(mobile/100 inh.)
# UNSD 2013 Millennium Development Goals Database (United Nations Statistics Division)
Soft coping capacity econ.
growth/gross domestic saving
World Bank 2013 World Bank Database (World Development Indicators)
Flood and
windstorms Deforestation
rate % FAO
2005-2010 FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 Reservoir
capacity per area
m3/km2 World Bank
GWSP 2012 Total Dam or Reservoir Capacity: Global Reservoir and Dam (GRanD) Database
Land Area: World Bank (World Development Indicators) Drought Agricultural
part of GDP % World Bank 2014 World Bank Database (World Development Indicators) Reservoir
capacity per area
m3/km2 World Bank
GWSP 2012 Total Dam or Reservoir Capacity: Global Reservoir and Dam (GRanD) Database
Land Area: World Bank World Development Indicators Storm surge
and coastal flooding
Population proportion living in area below 5 meters
% World Bank 2000 World Bank Database (World Development Indicators)
Infrastructure (paved road density)
CIA
2006-2015 CIA World Fact Book
ADB = Asian Development Bank; AQUASTAT = name of database, not an abbreviation; CIA = Central Intelligence Agency;
CIESIN = Center for International Earth Science Information Network; EM-DAT = Emergency Events Database; FAO = Food and Agriculture Organization; GDP = gross domestic product; GWh = gigawatt hour; GWI = Global Water Intelligence; GWSP = Global Water System Project; IEA = International Energy Agency; IIASA = International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis;
IPCC = Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; JMP = Joint Monitoring Programme; KD = key dimension; km2 = square kilometer; km3 = cubic kilometer; m3 = cubic meter; MODIS = Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer; NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration; SSP = Shared Socioeconomic Pathways; TRWR = total renewable water resources;
UN = United Nations; UNDP = United Nations Development Programme; UNESCAP = United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific; UNICEF = United Nations Children’s Fund; UNSD = United Nations Statistics Division;
USEIA = United States Energy Information Administration; WHO = World Health Organization.
Table continued
Building her own toilet in rural Sri Lanka.
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
Asian Water Development Outlook 2016
Strengthening Water Security in Asia and the Pacifi c
The Asian Water Development Outlook charts progress in water security in Asia and the Pacifi c over the past 5 years. This 2016 edition of the report uses the latest available data to assess water security in fi ve key dimensions: household access to piped potable water and improved sanitation, economic water security, providing better urban water services to build more livable cities, restoring healthy rivers and ecosystems, and resilience to water disasters. The region shows a positive trend in strengthening water security since the 2013 edition of the report, when 38 out of 49 countries were assessed as water-insecure. In 2016, that number dropped to 29 out of 48 countries.
This study was supported by ADB’s Water Financing Partnership Facility.
About the Asian Development Bank
ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacifi c region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to half of the world’s extreme poor. ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration.
Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance.
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines www.adb.org