The main conclusions achieved in these studies are that
i) Rz1 resistance in sugar beet is compromised in soils from Spain, the USA and Pithiviers
ii) the vector P. betae did not differentiate in a specific genomic compositions that would indicate evolutionary development after geographic distribution of Rhizomania to various sugar beet productions areas. Vector variability could have been correlated to overcoming resistance.
iii) the vector concentration in the soil is very variable with regards to different soil origins iv) other soil-borne pathogens (viruses and fungi) are playing an important role in respect
of disease severity. However, experimental evidence is yet lacking.
In addition the results obtained give strong evidence that
v) there is a high variability in BNYVV content in soils from different origin,
vi) most soil samples (Spanish, American and French soil) analysed in this study which display the ability to produce BNYVV infections under controlled conditions of a certain titre, possess an increased inoculum concentration but
vii) the potential to overcome resistance is not correlated to the inoculum concentration viii) neither the P. betae concentration itself nor the concentration of viruliferous P. betae is
invariable correlated to resistance-breaking.
Apparently, all above mentioned factors as well as genetically related aggressiveness leads to overcoming of Rz1 and Rz1+Rz2 resistant genotypes in greenhouse and in field trials. To be able to prevent Rhizomania infestation and resistance breaks in field, the selection of new natural occurring resistance sources is indispensable. Additionally sugar beet cultivars with high multiple resistance against BNYVV and different soil-borne pathogens should be developed. Transgenic sugar beets obtaining these multiple resistances are good approaches, but consumer and political acceptance is not attained, yet. Further is the better understanding of virus-host interaction very important to be able to analyse why resistance breaks occur with several BNYVV isolates in different genotypes. Detailed information about the virus-vector interaction needs also further investigation. For sugar beet growers it would be important to get knowledge on the level of resistance in marketable sugar beet cultivars to be able to inhibit supplementary virus-vector accumulation in soils.
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