IBM System/360 Basic Programming Support
P 360P.13 Feb 72
The location on the cell in which the VTOC is to be placed is indicated in a control card. The standard location is on cylinder zero immediately following the volume label(s), and extending to the end of the cylinder. The VTOC can, however, appear on any cylinder (excluding alternate cylinders), but cannot exceed cylinder boundaries.
Initialize Disk, 360P-UT-069
Prepares from one to five complete disk packs for use on IBM ·2311 Disk Drives. The preparation of a pack consists of:
• VTOC Label Check •••
• Home-Address Generation
• Surface Analysis and Track Descriptor (RO) Record Generation •••
• Volume-Label Creation •••
• IPL and VTOC Format Creation.
VTOC Label Check: Before a pack is initialized, it is checked to see if any labels present in the VTOC are expired. If the file has not expired, a message is printed. If the user still wishes to initialize the disk pack after receivinq the message, he can bypass the label and continue to process. If the user does not wish t9 bypass the pack(s) with unexpired labels, the pack or packs are deleted from the job.
Home Address Generation Five nome address are written by representation.
bytes of the seven-byte this program in binary If the home-address cannot be written on a track, a messaqe is printed to identify each home-address that cannot be written. If a home-address canno.t be written for every track of a pack, that pack is deleted from the job.
Surface Ana~ysts and Track Descriptor ·(110) Record
~ion: ur ace-.nal~is performed fliit on~
aiternate cylinders (200,201, and 202). When a track on·
an alternate cylinder is found to be defective, the track is flaqged as defective and cannot be assigned as an alternate track. Surface analysis is theft performed on all remaininq tracks. If a track is detected to have a defective surface area upon which data cannot be written, an alternate track is established to record the data. A message is printed to notify the user of defective tracks.
Processing is terminated after detection of the thirty-first defective track (30 alternate tracks) . ' l ' h e defective tracks are logged to provide a record of the condition of each pack processed. When analysis has shown that a track is not defective, the track descriptor record (RO) is written.
If the track-descriptor record cannot be writtenon a track, a message is printed to identify the error. The program continues analysis and RO generation to log any other defective tracks. The pack on which the error occurs is deleted from the job.
Volume-Label Creation: Through the use of a control card unIque to th1s program, a Volume label is created in the standard format (VOLl) for each pack processed. The Volume label is written on cylinder zero, track zero, record three of each .disk pack. Seven additional (VOL2-VOLe) user Volume labels can be created, if desired, and will be placed in records four through ten.
IPL Format Creation: This function formats two IPL records. These records are written on cylinder zero, track zero, records one and two. Record one is written with a 24-byte data field of binary zeros. Record two is written with a l44-byte data field of binary zeros.
VTOC Format Creation: The initialize disk program pre formats the Volume Table of Contents (VTOC). The location on the disk in which the VTOC is to be placed is indicated in a control card.
The standard location of the VTOC is on cylinder zero immediately following the volume label(s), and extending to the end of the cylinder. However, the ~oc can appear on any cylinder (excluding alternate cylinders), but cannot exceed cylinder boundaries. A VTOC placed anywhere other than in the standard location can be any number of tracks desired on the cylinder.
16K Initialize Disk (2311/2314), 360P-UT-206
Performs all of the functions of the Initialize Disk Program (360P-UT-06!H with thes.e improvements:
Perform surface analysis of only those tracks not previously flagged as defective. The tracks already flagged as defective are left unchanged.
Optionally, perform surface analysis of· all tracks, including those tracks previously flagged as defective.
Flag individually specified tracks as defec~ive without perforll\ing surface analysis •
Optionally, perform the surface analysis of each track up to a total of 255 times.
Perform initialization of from one to five 2316 Disk Packs mounted on the IBM 2314.
The selection of functions to be performed is indicated on a utility modifier statement inserted in the program deck by the user.
Minimum System Requirements: System/360 with 16K Main Storage Cara Reader (1442, 2501, 2520 or 2540) •••
Printer (1403, 1404 [Continuous Forms], 1443, 1445 or 1052)
••• Disk Drive (2311 or 2314) Multiple Disk To Printer, 360P-UT-203
The BPS/360 Multiple Disk to Printer Program allows from one to three disk-to-printer functions to be performed simul taneously.
Each function is capable of printing (in character mode) fixed length records with or without key fields. The _ records may be either blocked or unblocked.ifkey fields are absent. If they are present, the records must be unblocked.
One printer and one disk. unit. must be on-line for each separate function being performed. A new function may be started at any.time while other functions are in process.
When the job of. any function is complete, a new job may be initiated for that function.
The Multiple Disk to Printer Proaram makes efficient use of core storaqe when assiqninq I/O areas. To allow fora maximum available I/O area, active i/o areas are assigned contiguously. When possible, two disk input areas are assigned for each·function to allow overlap of input with processing and output.
CoPY Disk to Tape and Restore Tape to Disk, 360P-UT-06l Copy Disk to Card and Restore Card to Disk, 360P-UT-062 Copy Disk to Disk, 360P-UT-072
These programs provide a 2311 DASD Utility function in support of BOS/360 and OOS/360. They enable the user to tran·sfer volumes and files of data from 2311 Disk Storage to a magnetic tape, cards, or 2311 Disk Storaqe. If the data was transferred to card or tape, it can be restored to the disk pack· at a later date. The transfer processes all fields necessary to restore the data so that it is identical to the original volume or file.
Consecutive, Indexed Sequential and Direct Access Methods of file organization are supported.
The output created by the Copy programs (except Copy Disk to Disk) is designed for use by the Restore programs only.
Program Functions: The Copy proqrams can transfer data from a 2jll by file or by volume. The Copy file option transfers the file described by the File-Label XTE~TS as referenced by the volume table of contents in the defined 2.311. An option permits. copying of IPL records.
A special open on-line option allows as many as five XTENTS 'to be opened at the beginning of the run, thus freeing the
open-routine space for use as I/O area during execution of the Copy function. Otherwise, the user may specify a con-secutive open which processes each XTENT as it is encount-ered. The consecutive open option allows an unlimited number of XTENTS to be processed in one run.
The Copy volume option permits the user to copy a complete volume including the IPL records, Volume Label(s), Volume Table of Contents, and data.
The restore programs will replace data from cards or tapes to the 2311 by file or by volume depending on the method (Copy Program .option) used to copy and data originally.
When files are restored, the Format 1 label is modified to include the serial number of the new pack. When volumes
Not to be reproduced without written permission
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Programming IBM System/360 Basic Programming Support P 360P.14 Feb 72are restored, the Format 1 labels are restored as oriqina11y copied and the Format 4 label mod.ified.
The programs assign I/O areas based on the size of core storage. I/O overlap is performed if core storaqe is equal to or greater than 16K and channel assignment permits. The restored records occupy areas of the 2311 identical to the original file.
The Copy Disk to Card and Restore Card to Disk program allows the program to be restarted at the beqinning of any 'track that was processed, or at the beginning of any pack
(consecutive open only).
i~b~~~;lcell to Tape and Restore Tape to Data Cell, The BPS/360 Copy Data Cell to Tape and Restore Tape to Data Cell program provides a 2311 Data Cell utility function in support of BOS/360 and OOS/360. It enables the user to transfer volumes and files of data from a data cell(s) to tape. The tape can then be restored to the data cell(s) at a later date. The transfer processes all fields necessary to restore the data so that it is identical to the original volume or file.
Consecutive, Index Sequential, and Direct Access M.thods of file orqanization are supported.
The output created by the Copy program is designed for use by the Restore program only.
The proqram copies and restores a data cell in one of two ways:
COPy and Restore File: With this option one data file may be copied and restored. The file may consist of more than one volume. R~s are copied for the area occupied by the file, and IPL Records may be optionally copied.
A snecial open on-line option allows as many as five XTENTS to be opened at the beginning of the run, thus freeing the open-routine space for use as I/O area during execution of the Copy function •. Otherwise, the user may specify a consecutive open which processes each XTENT as i t is encountered. The consecutive open option allows an unlimited number of XTENTS to be processed in one run.
corr and Restore Volume: With this option one entire data ce w111 be cop1ed and restored, including R~, IPL Records, data records, Volume Label(s), and the VTOC.
The restore program will replace data from tape to the 2311 by file or by volume depending on the method (Copy Proqram option) used to copy the data originally. When files are restored, the Format 1 label is modified to include the serial number of the new pack. When volumes are restored, the Format 1 labels are restored as originally copied and the Format 4 label modified.
The program will assign I/O a~eas based on the size of main storage. I/O overlap will be performed if the main storaqe iE equal to or greater than 16K and channel assignment permits. The restored records will occupy areas of the 2321 identical to the original file.
An option is available to checkpoint and restart during proqram execution. An additional tape drive is required to support this option.
Minimum System Reauirements: The minimum system requirem.1IInts for the BPS/360 ASD Utility Programs are: System/360 Processing Unit with 8,192 positions of core storage [16K for the Alternate Track Assignment (2311), Copy and Restore Data Cell, Initialize Data Cell, and Mutliple Disk-to-Printer Programs] •
For program loading and control cards 1442 Card Read Punch
••• or 2501 Card Reader ••• or 2520 Card Read Punch* ••• or 2540 Card Read Punch.
*For proper functioning of the device support routines, the 2520 (all models) must have Engineering Changes 811839 [ECA 25] and 811842 [ECA 20] installed.
For program operation
specific program. Input/Output devices required by the The Multiple Disk to Printer program requires the. disk unites) to be attached to the selector channel and the printer(s) to be attached to the multiplexer channel.
For logging and error messages 1403 Printer ••• or 1404 Printer (continuous forms only) ••• or 1443 Printer or 1052 Printer-Keyboard.* (required for the Multiple Disk to Printer Program) •
*·If the system does not have the 1052 Printer-Keyboard at the fixed address X'OOIF ' , a replace card (REP) must be inserted between the supervisor and job control of the
program deck. See Appendix A of System/360 Basic Programming Support DASD Utility Programs Operating Guide, C24/3392. for additional information.
Supported devices include -- 2501 Card Reader ••• 1442 Card Read Punch ••• 2520 Card Read Punch ••• 2540 Card Read Punch ••• 2520 Card Punch ••• 1403 Printer ••• 1404 Printer (continuous forms only) 1443 Printer 2400 Series Tape Unit, (with or without the 7-track feature ••• For the Copy and Restore Programs, the Data Conversion feature must be used with 7-track tape) ••• 2311 Disk Storage Drive ••• 2321 Data Cell Drive Dual Density Feature.
PAPER DOCUMENT SUPPORT Incut/Output 1412/1419, 360P-IO-058
provides control of up to four user programs concurrently.
These four programs, referred to as a user program set, may be: a) one 1412 or 1419 program and up to three additional user programs, or b) two 1419 programs and up to two additional user programs, or c) one to four user programs which do not include 1412 or 1419 input. A user set once loaded must complete processing of all programs within that set prior to loading a new set of programs.
The program can control the input and output functions associated with typical MICR processinq, such as demand deposit ca~re, outgoing transit and proof of deposit.
The Input/Output 1412/1419 program provides ••• control for all supported devices and their error routines control of the document input buffer(s) ••• batch numbering (1419 Model l only) ••• control of System/360 standard tape label and 2311 disk label processing.
The user can insert his routines for stacker determination ••• formatting output document data proce~sing
.0.
recognition of control levels.The 1412 or l4l9s should be placed at the highest priority on the multiplexer channel to minimize contention problems.
The Input/outPut 1412/1419 program includes a multiplexing capability providing four request queues which will permit four unbuffered byte mode I/O devices to operate in a. data interleaved mode on the mUltiplex channel. The 1412 and l4l9s have their own queues and are interleaved in addition to the four request queues. If a burst mode operation is attempted on a multiplex channel, I/O operations which can be mutliplexed on the remaining queues will be processed prior to the burst mode operation.
Performance: The Input/Output 1412/1419 program is designed to make possible maximqm MICR reader to printer thruput.
Thruput speeds will vary with document length, amount of user processing time, other input and/or output operations and system configuration.
The minimum time available for stacker selection for each MICR Reader is: 1412 --- 7.5 milliseconds ••• 1419 --9.5 milliseconds. At least 9.5 milliseconds are available for stacker decisions on the 1419 for 100% of the documents read. For those cases where the 9.5 milliseconds (7.5 milliseconds for the 1412) of stacker selection time are exceeded and worst case conditions such as minimum document spacing occur, an increase in rejects can be expected.
Assume a System/360 Model 30 with a 1.5 microsecond storage cycle. The timings in parenthesis are for a System/360 Model 30 with a 2.0 microsecond storage cycle, and a System/360 Model 40, respectively. The Input/Output 1412/1419 program will use:
• For one MICR Reader 1.5 (2.0, 1.2) milliseconds (minimum) to process the external interrupt which signals the end of the document and 2.1 (2.8, 1.4) milliseconds (maximum) if a unit check has occurred.
• For two MICR Readers ••• 1.6 (2.1, 1.2) milliseconds (minimum) to process each external interrupt wheneve~
the interrupts are not concurrent and 3.1 (4.1, 2.1) milliseconds to process tWQ interrupts concurrently •••
4.2 (5.6, 2.8) milliseconds (maximum) if two concurrent unit checks occur with two concurrent external interrupts.
• The I/O control program may take up to an additional .38 (.5, .25) milliseconds to process the external interruptions, if any other interruption is being serviced.
For other I/O operation ••• approximately 3.8 (5.0, 2.5) milliseconds for each I/O operation to start the I/O service the interrupt and recognize errors.
• For document data ••• approximately 1.5 (2.0, 1.0) milliseconds to -get- a document record from the input buffer to make i t available for user processing.
Not to be reproduced without written permission
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Programming IBM System/360 Basic Programming Support P 360P.15 Feb 72The available time for selection processing will be reduced by the character transfer time associated with concurrent I/O operations and the time needed to complete instruction execution prior to interruption. The I/O control program may take up to an additional .5 milliseconds to process the external interruption, if any other interruption is being serviced.
In making timing calculations, only one printer can affect, and thereby reduce, the MICR Reader document selection time.
Note: Channel contention problems may be minimized by --priCing the 1412 or l4l9s at the highest priority on the multiplexer channel... disengaging the 1412 or l4l9s whenever other I/O operations might conflict.
The average document cycle times (without considering the printer) for user processing ares
Document length - 6 inches Document length - 8 3/4 inches
!ill
60 ms.
87.5 ms.
!ill.
37.4 ma.
54.5 ma.
To determine the processing time available, it is necessary to subtract the time required for the f.ollowing factors from the average document cycle time. This applies for either one or two MICR Readers.
1. MICR Reader(s) interrupt servicing time.
2. User's document selection time(s).
3. The time required to get document record(s).
4. The time required for each I/O operation (exclusive of the MICR Reader(s).
5. Character transfer interference times for all I/O ooerations including the MICR Reader(s).
Approximately 5 milliseconds will be taken for each I/O operation exclusive of the Reader Sorter.
This time includes -- Start I/O, interrupt servicing and recognition of errors.
Approximately 2 milliseconds will be taken to get each document record from the input buffer.
The Input/Output 1412/1419 program·has the foll~ling core storage requirements:
One program (one MICR Reader with 2400 Tape) One program (one MICR Peader
with 2311 Disk)
Two or more programs (two 1419s with 2400 Taoe or 2311 Disk)
Madel 30 ~
4400 bytes 4650 bytes
4400 bytes 4650 bytes
5600 bytes 5600 bytes An additional 160 bytes are required when the multiplexer capability is utilized.
Minimum s*stem Requirements: One 1419 or one 1412 MICR Reader W1t Adpater Feature (17720)* ••• 2030** Processing Unit ,Model D is required for Dual 1419 operation) or 2040 Processing Unit Model D (1419 only ••• ~412 is not supported on 2040) or 2050 Processing Unit Model F (1419 only ••• 1412 is not supported on 2050) or 2065 ProceSSing Unit Model G
(1419 only 1412 is not supported on 2065) ••• a card reader (1442, 2501, 2520 or 2540) ••• a printer (1403, 1404,*** 1443, 1445 or 1052 Printer-Keyboard) ••• External Interrupt (2030 only) on Direct Control Standard Instruction Set ••• Appropriate control units.
*Not required if the user program does not include 1412 or 1419 input.
**The 2030 Processing Unit must be at or beyond Engineering Change Level·1259l9.
***Continuous forms only.
Additional Machine Features supported: Additional core storage ••• 2400 series Magnetic Tape Units (7- or 9-track) or 2311 Disk Storage Drive ••• Selector Channel 1 and selector Channel
2
Highspeed Multiplexer Channel •••1442, 2520, or 2540 Card Punch ••• Selective Tape Listing Feature ••• Interchangeable Chain Cartridge 1416 Interchangeable Train Cartridge ••• Universal Character Set Feature ••• Endorser Feature ••• Pocket Light Control Feature (1419 only) ••• Batch Numbering Device (1419 only)
••• up to two 1419s ••• Dual Density Feature.
Input/OUtput 1418/1428, 360P-Io-059
The BPS/360 Input/Output 1418/1428 program is designed to eliminate the user's need to program logical details associated with input • and output of OCR processing. The basic control program provides a single request queue for
in~ut/output operations on the multiplexer channel. The mUltiplex capability provides four request queues which will permit four unbuffered devices (which do not operate in the burst mode) to operate in the data interleaved mode. If any burst mode (tape or disk) operations arc attempted on a multiplexer channel queue, input/output operations which can be multiplexed on the remaining queues will be processed first until all such requests have been serviced.
The multiple program facility provided to handle four applications consists of several subroutines th~t become an integral part of the 1418/1428 control program. The mUltiple program facility uses progr~ control words (PCW's) to transfer control among the user programs. A PCW is 3 240 byte area reserved by the user for each of his pro~rams.
The control program stores the status of the System/360 when control is being' transferred fro~ one user program to another. This facility permits the user to operate one
The control program stores the status of the System/360 when control is being' transferred fro~ one user program to another. This facility permits the user to operate one