5. Ergebnisse
5.1. Metastudie zu Elektromobilität
20.04.2020 Anes Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 13th Consortium Meeting 3
Objective: Developing of 3 scenarios (Status quo, 2030 A, 2030 B) similar to those developed in Actions 10 and 13
Procedure: based on the political targets related to e-mobility in the Greater Region, figures about the estimated e-vehicles (Units, Capacity) and their distribution in the GR will be collected. The output is a share of e-vehicles for three different scenarios and for four different regions →Subaction 16.4
Main responsible: IZES
Start: 01 December 2019
End: 31 December 2019
Subaction 16.1 (first Part)
08.07.2020 Anes Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 14th Consortium Meeting 17
Subaction 16.1 (first Part)
2030 A : Conservative scenario
2030 B : Optimistic scenario (will follow) Status quo 2030 A 2030 B
FR 7,346 200,049 155,623
DE 5,576 46,722 390,769
LU 6,251 79,480 229,090
BE 5,950 75,412 131,097
Source: B. Dröschel, "20200122_Entwicklung Pkw_E-Mob_GR.xls"
Status quo 2030 A 2030 B
FR 0.7% 18.7% 14.6%
DE 0.2% 1.9% 15.7%
LU 3.1% 38.8% 100.0%
BE 0.4% 4.9% 8.6%
Source: EUROSTAT Siehe Datei "20200616_Entwicklung Pkw_E-Mob_GR_AB_DRÖ"
Number of EV in the GR
Penetration of EV in the GR
8
20.04.2020 Anes Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 13th Consortium Meeting 5
Objective: Collecting data about the user behavior of e-vehicles
Procedure: Based on mobility studies the user behavior (Annual mileage, daily mileage, vehicle utilization ratio, arrival time and departure time) will be determined. The outputs are distributions allowing the determination of average loading behavior of e-vehicles→Subaction 16.2
Main responsible: ESEM
Start: 01 January 2020
End: 31 January 2020
Subaction 16.1 (second Part)
20.04.2020 Anes Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 13th Consortium Meeting 6
Subaction 16.1 (second Part)
Assumptions based on : Doctoral thesis of Röhrenbeck 2019
Serviceable battery capacity : 30 kWh
Average consumption : 0.2 kWh/km
Charging power : 3.7 kW
Charging location : charging almost at home only ( ~ if daily mileage
>100 km)
Further assumptions
A similar user behavior can be assumed for all parts of the GR
9
5.2. Modellierung des Ladeverhaltens
20.04.2020 Anes Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 13th Consortium Meeting 7
Objective: Modelling of e-vehicle (EV) charging behavior
Procedure: Based on the user behavior determined in subaction 16.1 and several EV specific data like battery capacity, average consumption and charging capacity, an EV charging profile can be determined. The output is also an EV charging model.
→ Subaction 16.4
Main responsible: ESEM
Start: 01 January 2020
End: 31 Mach 2020
Subaction 16.2
20.04.2020 Anes Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 13th Consortium Meeting 8
Synthetic charging profile of EV :
Subaction 16.2
Time in ¼ h
Pin W
Source: Röhrenbeck 2019
Represents an average of 1000 EV charging profile
Correlates with several presented profiles in the literature
…
Pin WPin WPin W
Time in ¼ h
Time in ¼ h
Time in ¼ h
10
5.3. Reglerentwurf und Weiterentwicklung
20.04.2020 Anes Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 13th Consortium Meeting 9
Objective: Refining the HP-Controller
Procedure: Integration of new simplified building models of multi-family homes in the controller, adjusting of the building heating curve and the HP power.
→Subaction 16.4
Furthermore, an EV-control scheme will be investigated on in order to allow a market driven charging control, similar to the developed HP-control.
Main responsible: ESEM
Start: 01 Mach2020
End: 31 July 2020
Subaction 16.3
June 11, 2019 A. Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 9th Consortium Meeting 4
Motivation & Concept
Central
Local
Decentral
11
June 11, 2019 A. Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 9th Consortium Meeting 5
Motivation & Concept
Central
Local
Decentral
Reduce active power balancing
issues
Provide flexibility to
the LV grid
Minimize operational costs
June 11, 2019 A. Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 9th Consortium Meeting 6
Motivation & Concept
Central
Local
Decentral
Market signal
m Network signal
n Storage level
l
12
June 11, 2019 A. Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 9th Consortium Meeting 8
Prioritization: lcc→ncc→mcc
Switching signal
n
ccm
cc= +
l
ccm
ccn
ccl
ccn
cc+ n
ccl
ccl
ccm
ccm
cc Storage level : lcc
Grid signal : ncc
Market signal : mcc Switching signal : ycc
5.4. Auswirkungen eines Rollouts von Wärmepumpen und Elektroautos
20.04.2020 Anes Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 13th Consortium Meeting 10
Objective: Examination of the impact of EV, PV and HP on the LV grids in the Greater Region
Procedure: The procedure developed in Action 10 will be adopted. The additional e-vehicle loads will be taken into account. The output is an indication about the LV grid state in the GR for the three different scenarios.
Main responsible: ESEM
Start: 01 July 2020
End: 31 August 2020
Subaction 16.4
13
08.07.2020 Anes Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 14th Consortium Meeting 8
Grid Assessment | France
Undervoltage and overload problems due to the high HP penetrations in 2030 (51.6 %).
Within the bounds Limit violation
The limit violations are mainly due to the high HP penetration. EVs will make the situation worse in the future.
Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload
S1a 12 12
S1b 410 259
S2a 627 8 468 3
Region Grid type Status quo
Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload
S1a 5
Region Grid type Status quo
08.07.2020 Anes Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 14th Consortium Meeting 9
Grid Assessment | Germany
Transformer overload in the LV-grid S2b in 2030, due to the high PV share.
Within the bounds Limit violation
No additional limit violations du to electric vehicles, as the penetrations are still low until 2030 (A : 1.9%, B : 15.7%).
Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload S1a
S1b S2a
S2b 451 443
S3a
Status quo 2030 A
Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload S1a Grid type 2030 Region
Germany
Status quo
14
08.07.2020 Anes Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 14th Consortium Meeting 10
Grid Assessment | Luxemburg
Transformer overload in S2b, due to the high PV share, as for DE.
Overvoltage in the radial S1a grid, as PV penetration in LU is higher than in DE.
Within the bounds Limit violation
Additional undervoltage and overload problems due to the very high EV penetration in Luxemburg.
Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload
S1a 3512 1107 3510 2623
S1b 1733
S2a 2521
S2b 195 2854
S3a 189 2956
S3b 2
S4a 2426 2893
S4b 2751
2030 A 2030 B
Luxemburg
Region Grid type Status quo
Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload
S1a 3676
Region Grid type Status quo
08.07.2020 Anes Benzarti PtH4GR²ID – 14th Consortium Meeting 11
Grid Assessment | Belgium
The BE grids are stronger compared to the LU ones. No limit violations until 2030.
Within the bounds Limit violation
Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload S1a
Region Grid type Status quo
Belgium has the lowest penetration of EV. No limit violations even when considering the political targets related to EV.
Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload Overvoltage Undervoltage Overload S1a
Region Grid type Status quo
15
6. Zusammenfassung
Sowohl die aktuellen Durchdringungen an Elektroautos in den Ländern der Großregion als auch die Entwicklungsziele auf der Basis energiepolitischer Zielsetzungen weisen erhebliche Diskrepanzen auf.
Während in Luxemburg bei einem optimistischen Szenario für das Jahr 2030 davon ausgegangen wird, dass im Durschnitt jeder Haushalt über ein Elektroauto verfügt, weist Belgien eine geringe Elektrifizierung im Mobilitätssektor auf. Hierbei wird davon ausgegangen, dass etwa jeder zehnte Haushalt über einen elektrisch angetriebenen Pkw verfügt.
Durch die zusätzliche Berücksichtigung der Elektroautos in den Netzberechnungen ergeben sich ab dem Jahr 2030 aufgrund der hohen zu erwartenden Durchdringungen von Elektrofahrzeugen erhebliche Unterschiede. Bei gleichbleibender Netzauslegung ist mit häufigem Auftreten von Grenzwertverletzungen zu rechnen.
Ein Managementsystem hat das Potenzial die in Zukunft auftretenden Überlastungen teilweise zu vermeiden. Um den zu erwartenden Überlastungen und Spannungsbandverletzungen entgegenzuwirken, ist eine Netzverstärkung bzw. ein Netzausbau im Niederspannungsbereich vonnöten.