• Keine Ergebnisse gefunden

1.) Report of the 1995 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the definition and classification of cardiomyopathies.

Circulation. 1996;93:841-842.

2.) Maron BJ, Towbin JA, Thiene G et al: Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies. Circulation. 2006;113:1807-1816.

3.) Codd MB, Sugrue DD, Gersh BJ, Melton LJ 3rd: Epidemiology of idiopathic dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975-1984. Circulation. 1989 Sep;80(3):564-72.

4.) Cowie MR, Mosterd A, Wood DA, Deckers JW, Poole-Wilson PA, Sutton GC, Grobbee DE: The epidemiology of heart failure: Review article. Eur Heart J. 1997;18:208-225.

5.) Dec GW, Fuster V: Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. N Eng J Med. 1994 Dec 8;331(23):1564-75.

6.) Olbrich HG: Epidemiologie – Ätiologie der dilatativen Kardiomyopathie. Z Kardiol.

2001;90 Suppl 1:2-9.

7.) Rakar S, Sinagra G, Di Lenarda A, Poletti A, Bussani R, Silvestri F, Camerini F:

Epidemiology of dilated cardiomyopathy. A prospective post-mortem study of 5252 necropsies. The Heart Muscle Disease Study Group. Eur Heart J. 1997 Jan;18(1):117-23.

8.) Osterziel KJ, Perrot A: Dilated cardiomyopathy: more genes means more phenotypes.

Eur Heart J. 2005;26:751-754.

9.) Oakley C: Aetiology, diagnosis, investigation and management of the cardiomyopathies.

Clinical review. BMJ. 1997 Dec 6;315:1520-1524.

10.) Jahns R, Boivin V, Siegmund C, Inselmann G, Lohse MJ, Boege F: Autoantibodies activating human beta1-adrenergic receptors are associated with reduced cardiac function in chronic heart failure. Circulation. 1999 Feb 9;99(5):649-54.

11.) Jahns R, Boivin V, Lohse MJ: beta1-Adrenergic receptor function, autoimmunity and pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2006 Jan;16(1):20-4.

12.) Dorffel WV, Wallukat G, Baumann G, Felix SB: Immunadsorption in dilated cardiomyopathy. Ther Apher. 2000 Jun;4(3):235-8.

13.) Muller J, Wallukat G, Dandel M, Hetzer R et al: Immunoglobulin adsorption in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2000 Feb 1;101(4):385-91.

14.) Hunt SA, Abraham WT et al: ACC/AHA Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): Developed in Collaboration With the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2005;112:e154-e235.

15.) [No authors listed]. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. The SOLVD Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1992 Sep;327:685-691.

16.) [No authors listed]. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. The SOLVD Investigators. N Eng J Med. 1991 Aug 1;325(5):293-302.

17.) [No authors listed]. MERIT-HF Study Group: Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet. 1999 Jun 12;353(9169):2001-7.

18.) Drummond GA, Squire IB et al: The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999 Jan 2;353(9146):9-13.

19.) Pitt B, Zannad F et al: The Effect of Spironolacton on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Severe Heart Failure. N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep;341:709-717.

20.) [No authors listed]. The Digitalis Investigation Group. The Effect of Digoxin on Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Heart Failure. N Engl J Med. 1997 Feb;336:525-533.

21.) Bristow MR, Saxon LA et al: Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2004 May 20;350(21):2140-50.

22.) Swedberg K, Cleland J, et al: Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure: executive summary (update 2005). ESC Guidelines. Eur Heart J.

2005;26:1115-1140.

23.) Rose EA, Gelijins AC et al: Long-term mechanical left ventricular assistance for end-stage heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 15;345(20):1435-43.

24.) De Bold AJ, Borenstein HB, Veress AT, Sonnenberg H: A rapid and potent natriuretic response to intravenous injection of atrial myocardial extract in rats. Life Sci.

1981;28:89-94.

25.) Flynn TG, de Bold ML, de Bold AJ: The amino acid sequence of an atrial peptide with potent diuretic and natriuretic properties. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Dec 28;(117(3):859-65.

26.) Hall C: Essential biochemistry and physiology of (NT-pro)BNP. Eur J Heart Fail.

2004;6:257-260.

27.) Sawada Y, Suda M et al: Stretch-induced hypertrophic growth of cardiocytes and processing of brain-type natriuretic peptide are controlled by proprotein-processing endoprotease furin. J Biol Chem. 1997 Aug 15;272(33):20545-54.

28.) Vanderheyden M, Bartunek J, Goethals M: Brain and other natriuretic peptides:

molecular aspects. Eur J Heart Fail. 2004;6:261-268.

29.) Bruneau BG, Piazza LA, de Bold AJ: BNP gene expression is specifically modulated by stretch and ET-1 in a new model of isolated rat atria. Am J Physiol. 1997 Dec;273(6 Pt 2):H2678-86.

30.) Wiese S, Breyer T et al: Gene expression of brain natriuretic peptide in isolated atrial and ventricular human myocardium: influence of angiotensin II and diastolic fiber length.

Circulation. 2000 Dec 19;102(25):3074-9.

31.) McCullough PA, Nowak RM et al: B-type natriuretic peptide and clinical judgement in emergency diagnosis of heart failure: analysis from Breathing Not Properly (BNP) Multinational Study. Circulation. 2002 Jul 23;106(4):416-22.

32.) Morrison LK, Harrison A et al: Utility of a rapid B-natriuretic peptide assay in differentiating congestive heart failure from lung disease in patients presenting with dyspnoea. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Jan 16;39(2):202-9.

33.) Knebel F, Schimke I et al: NT-proBNP in acute heart failure: correlation with invasively measured hemodynamic parameters during recompensation. J Card Fail. 2005 Jun;11(5 Suppl):S38-41.

34.) Troughton RW, Frampton CM et al: Treatment of heart failure guided by plasma aminoterminal brain natriuretic peptide (N-BNP) concentrations. Lancet. 2000 Apr 1;355(9210):1126-30.

35.) Davis M, Espiner E et al: Plasma brain natriuretic peptide in assessment of acute dyspnoea. Lancet. 1994 Feb 19;343(8895):440-4.

36.) Bettencourt P: NT-proBNP and BNP: biomarkers for heart failure management. Eur J Heart Fail. 2004 Mar 15;6(3):359-63.

37.) Maisel AS, Krishnaswamy P et al: Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure. N Eng J Med. 2002 Jul 18;347(3):161-7.

38.) Mueller C, Scholer A et al: Use of B-type natriuretic peptide in the evaluation and management of acute dyspnea. N Eng J Med. 2004 Feb 12;350(7):647-54.

39.) Mair J, Hammerer-Lercher A, Puschendorf B: The impact of cardiac natriuretic peptide determination on the diagnosis and management of heart failure. Clin Chem Lab Med.

2001 Jul;39(7):571-88.

40.) Groenning BA, Nilsson JC et al: Detection of left ventricular enlargement and impaired systolic function with plasma N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide concentrations. Am Heart J. 2002 May;143(5):923-9.

41.) Williams SG, Ng LL et al: Is plasma N-BNP a good indicator of the functional reserve of failing hearts? The FRESH-BNP study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2004 Dec;6(7):891-900.

42.) Bettencourt P, Ferreira A et al: Predictors of prognosis in patients with stable mild to moderate heart failure. J Card Fail. 2000 Dec;6(4):306-13.

43.) Cowie MR, Struthers AD et al: Value of natriuretic peptides in assessment of patients with possible new heart failure in primary care. Lancet. 1997 Nov 8;350(9088):1349-53.

44.) Bettencourt P, Frioes F et al: Prognostic information provided by serial measurement of brain natriuretic peptide in heart failure. Int J Cardiol. 2004 Jan;93(1):45-8.

45.) Bettencourt P, Ferreira A et al: Evaluation of brain natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of heart failure. Cardiology. 2000;93(1-2):19-25.

46.) Tsutamoto T, Wada A et al: Attenuation of compensation of endogenous cardiac natriuretic peptide system in chronic heart failure: prognostic role of plasma brain

natriuretic peptide concentration in patients with chronic symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 1997 Jul 15;96(2):509-16.

47.) Matsumura Y, Takata J et al: Long-term prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy revisited – an improvement in survival over the past 20 years. Circ J. 2006 Apr;70(4):376-383.

48.) Azuma A, Matsuo A et al: Improved Survival of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in the 1990s. Jpn Circ J. 1999;63:333-338.

49.) Pocock SJ, Wang D et al: Predictors of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2006 Jan;27(1):65-75.

50.) Bahler RC: Assessment of prognosis in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Chest. 2002 Apr 4;121:1016-1019.

51.) Juilliére Y, Danchin N et al: Dilated cardiomyopathy: long-term follow-up and predictors of survival. Int J Cardiol. 1988 Dec;21(3):269-77.

52.) Marantz PR, Tobin JN et al: The relationship between left ventricular systolic function and congestive heart failure diagnosed by clinical criteria. Circulation. 1988 Mar;77(3):607-12.

53.) Wynne J, Braunwald E, Möckel M, Dietz R: Kardiomyopathien und Myokarditiden.

Harrisons Innere Medizin I, 15. Auflage, Kap. 238, S. 1496, ABW-Wissenschaftsverlag.

54.) Komajda M, Jais JP et al: Factors predicting mortality in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J. 1990 Sep;11(9):824-31.

55.) Fuster V, Gersh BJ et al: The natural history of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1981 Mar;47(3):525-31.

56.) Diaz RA, Obasohan A, Oakley CM: Prediction of outcome in dilated cardiomyopathy.

Br Heart J. 1987 Oct;58(4):393-9.

57.) Levy D, Kenchaiah S et al: Long-term trends in the incidence of and survival with heart failure. N Eng J Med. 2002 Oct 31;347(18):1397-402.

58.) Hunt SA, Baker DW et al: ACC/AHA guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:2101-13.

59.) Jessup M: Heart Failure. Review Article. N Eng J Med. 2003;348:2007-18.

60.) Manolio TA, Baughman KL et al: Prevalence and etiology of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (summary of a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute workshop). Am J Cardiol. 1992 Jun 1;69(17):1458-66.

61.) Sugrue DD, Rodeheffer RJ et al: The clinical course of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. A population based study. Ann Intern Med. 1992 Jul 15;117(2):117-23.

62.) De Maria R, Gavazzi A et al: Comparison of clinical findings in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in women versus men. The Italian Multicenter Cardiomyopathy Study Group (SPIC). Am J Cardiol. 1993 Sep 1;72(7):580-5.

63.) Fruhwald FM, Dusleag J et al: Long-term outcome and prognostic factors in dilated cardiomyopathy. Preliminary results. Angiology. 1994 Sep;45(9):763-70.

64.) Grzybowski J, Bilinska ZT et al: Determinants of prognosis in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Card Fail. 1996 Jun;2(2):77-85.

65.) [No authors listed]: Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure.

Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1987 Jun 4;316(23):1429-35.

66.) Packer M, Coats AJS et al: Effect of Carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001 May 31;344:1651-1658.

67.) Di Lenarda A, De Maria R et al: Long-term survival effect of metoprolol in dilated cardiomyopahty. The SPIC (Italian Multicentre Cardiomyopathy Study) Group. Heart.

1998 Apr;79(4):337-44.

68.) Paraskevaidis I, Farmakis D et al: Carvedilol improves left atrial and left ventricular function and reserve in dilated cardiomyopathy after 1 year of treatment. J Card Fail.

2007 Mar;13(2):108-13.

69.) Tatli E, Kurum T: A controlled study of the effects of carvedilol on clinical events, left ventricular function and proinflammatory cytokines levels in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol. 2005 Mar 15;21(4):344-8.

70.) Gavazzi A, De Maria R et al: Dilated cardiomyopathy: a new natural history? The experience of the Italian Multicenter Cardiomyopathy Study (SPIC). G Ital Cardiol. 1995 Sep;25(9):1109-25.

71.) Dries DL, Sweitzer NK et al: Prognostic impact of diabetes mellitus in patients with heart failure according to the etiology of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Aug;38(2):421-8.

72.) Cowburn PJ, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, Komajda M: Risk stratification in chronic heart failure. Review article. Eur Heart J. 1988;19:696-710.

73.) Hughes CV, Wong M, Johnson G, Cohn JN: Influence of age on mechanisms and prognosis of heart failure. The V-HeFT VA Cooperative Studies Group. Circulation.

1993 Jun;87(6 Suppl):VI111-7.

74.) Ikram H, Williamson HG, Won M, Crozier IG, Wells EJ: The course of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in New Zealand. Br Heart J. 1987 Jun;57(6):521-7.

75.) Ho KK, Anderson KM, Kannel WB, Grossmann W, Levy D: Survival after the onset of congestive heart failure in Framingham Heart Study subjects. Circulation. 1993 Jul;88(1):107-15.

76.) Hoppe UC: Leitlinien zur Therapie der chronischen Herzinsuffizienz. Z Kardiol.

2005;94:488-509.

77.) Scrutinio D, Lagioia R, Ricci A et al: Prediciton of mortality in mild to moderately symptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction. The role of the New York Heart Association classification, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, two-dimensional echocardiography and Holter monitoring. Eur Heart J. 1994 Aug;15(8):1089-95.

78.) Ciaccheri M, Castelli G et al: The prognosic assessment of dilated cardiomyopathy: a follow-up of 138 patients. G Ital Cardiol. 1990 Jul;20(7):645-50.

79.) Tigen K, Karaahmet T et al: N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide to predict prognosis in dilated cardiomyopathy with sinus rhythm. Heart Lung Circ. 2007 Aug;16(4):290-4.

80.) Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA et al: Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1998;98:946-952.

81.) Wang TJ, Larson MG et al: Temporal relations of atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure and their joint influence on mortality. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation.

2003;107:2920-2925.

82.) Pedersen OD, Sondergaard P et al: Atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease and the risk of death in patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(23):2866-2870.

83.) Gardner RS, Özalp F et al: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. A new gold standard in predictin mortality in patients with advanced heart failure. Eur Heart J.

2003;24:1735-1743.

84.) Hartmann F, Packer M et al: Prognostic Impact of Plasma N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Severe Chronic Congestive Heart Failure. A substudy of the Carvedilol prospective randomized cumulative survival (COPERNICUS) trial.

Circulation. 2004;110:1780-1786.

85.) Bettencourt P, Azevedo A et al: N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide predicts outcome after hospital discharge in heart failure patients. Circulation. 2004;110:2168-2174.

86.) McDonagh TA, Cunningham AD et al: Left ventricular dysfunction, natriuretic peptides and mortality in an urban population. Heart. 2001 Jul;86(1):21-6.

87.) Clerico A, Fontana M, Zyw L, Passino C, Emdin M: Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the N-terminal part of the propeptide of BNP Immunoassays in chronic and acute heart failure: a systematic review. Clin Chem.

2007 Mar 23; [Epub ahead of print].

88.) Vanderheyden M et al: Head to head comparison of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with/without left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Clin Biochem. 2006 Jun;39(6):640-5.

89.) Groenning BA, Raymond I et al: Diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of left ventricular systolic heart failure by plasma N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide concentrations in a large sample of the general population. Heart. 2004 Mar;90(3):297-303.

90.) Masson S, Latini R et al: Direct comparison of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and amino-terminal proBNP in a large population of patients with chronic and symptomatic heart failure: The Valsartan Heart Failure (Val-HeFT) Data. Clin Chem. 2006;52:1528-1538.

91.) Collinson PO, Barnes SC et al: Analytical performance of the N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) assay on the Elecsys 1010 and 2010 analysers. Eur J Heart Fail. 2004 Mar 15;6(3):365-8.

92.) Haass M: Biomarker bei Herzinsuffizienz. Kardio up. 2005;1:23-40.

93.) Sokoll LJ, Baum H et al: Multicenter analytical performance evaluation of the Elecsys proBNP assay. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2004;42(8):965-72.

94.) Prontera C, Emdin M et al: Analytical performance and diagnostic accuracy of a fully-automated electrochemiluminescent assay for the N-terminal fragment of the pro-peptide of brain natriuretic peptide in patients with cardiomyopathy: comparison with immunoradiometric assay methods for brain natriuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2004 Jan;42(1):37-44.

95.) Hess G, Runkel S, Zdunek D, Hitzler WE: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in healthy blood donors and in patients from general practitioners with and without a diagnosis of cardiac disease. Clin Lab. 2005;51(3-4):167-72.

96.) Tsutamoto T, Wada A et al: Relationship between renal function and plasma brain natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Feb 7;47(3):582-6.

97.) Mueller C, Laule-Kilian K et al: B-type natriuretic peptide for acute dyspnoea in patients with kidney disease: insights from a randomized comparison. Kindney Int. 2005 Jan;67(1):278-84.

98.) Doust JA, Pietrzak E, Dobson A, Glasziou PP: How well does B-type natriuretic peptide predict death and cardiac events in patients with heart failure: systematic review.

BMJ. 2005 Mar 19;330:625-34.

99.) Richards AM, Doughty R et al: Plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and andromedullin: prognostic utility and prediction of benefit from carvedilol in chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Australia-New Zealand Heart Failure Group. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Jun 1;37(7):1781-7.

100.) Wang TJ, Larson MG et al: Plasma natriuretic peptide levels and the risk of cardiovascular events and death. N Engl J Med. 2004 Feb 12;350(7):655-63.

101.) Rothenburger M, Wichter T et al: Aminoterminal pro type B natriuretic peptide as a predictive and prognostic marker in patients with chronic heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2004 Oct;23(10):1189-97.

102.) Shin DI, Jaekel K et al: Plasma levels of NT-proBNP in patients with atrial fibrillation before and after electrical cardioversion. Z Kardiol. 2005 Dec;94(12):795-800.

103.) Beck-da-Silva L, de Bold A et al: Brain natriuretic peptide predicts successful cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation and maintenance of sinus rhythm. Can J Cardiol. 2004 Oct;20(12):1245-8.

104.) Cleland JG, Daubert JC et al: The effect of cardiac resynchronisation on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N Eng J Med. 2005 Apr 14;352(15):1539-49.

105.) Berger R, Huelsmann M et al: B-type natriuretic peptide predicts sudden death in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation. 2002;105:2392-2397.

106.) Januzzi JL Jr: The N-terminal pro-BNP investigation of dyspnoea in the emergency department (PRIDE) study. Am J Cardiol. 2005 Apr 15;95(8):948-54.

107.) Januzzi JL Jr, Sakhuja R et al: Utility of amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide testing for prediction of 1-year mortality in patients with dyspnoea treated in the emergency department. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:315-320.

108.) McMurray J, Stewart S: Epidemiology, aetiology and prognosis of heart failure. Heart. 2000;83:596-602(May).

109.) Lloyd-Jones DM, Larson MG et al: Lifetime risk for developing congestive heart failure: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2002 Dec 10;106(24):3068-72.

110.) Roger VL, Weston SA et al: Trends in heart failure incidence and survival in a community-based population. JAMA. 2004 Jul 2;292(3):344-50.

111.) James SK, Lindahl B et al: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and other risk markers for the separate prediction of mortality and subsequent myocardial infarction in patients with unstable coronary artery disease. GUSTO IV Substudy.

Circulation. 2003;108:275-281.

112.) Bayés-Genís A, Santaló-Bel M et al: N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the emergency diagnosis and in-hospital monitoring of patients with dyspnoea and ventricular dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2004 Mar 15;6(3):301-8.

113.) McDonagh TA, Morrison CE et al: Symptomatic left-ventricular systolic dysfunction in an urban population. Lancet. 1997 Sep 20;350(9081):829-33.

ÄHNLICHE DOKUMENTE