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Asthma, allergy and occurrence of daily symptoms among schoolchildren and their relationship with environmental factors
Maarit Kriisa
Summary
This Master's thesis studied the occurrence of asthma, allergies and daily symptoms of illness among schoolchildren aged 8–12 in Estonia and their relationship to environmental conditions. The sub-objectives of the study were to: (1) describe schoolchildren’s asthma, allergies and symptoms and analyse their relationship to environmental factors; (2) analyse the association between schoolchildren’s asthma, allergies and daily symptoms with mother education; (3) analyse the associations between schoolchildren’s asthma, allergies and daily symptoms with respiratory diseases with family; (4) analyse the association between school-children’s asthma, allergies and daily symptoms with the occurrence of respiratory diseases within the first two years of life.
The thesis utilised data from the “Survey-based schoolchildren respiratory tracts, allergies and home environment”. The data were collected during two different periods: Tartu County data were collected within the framework of the 2012 pan-European study “Sinphonie”, while Ida-Viru and Lääne-Viru county data were collected within the framework of the 2014–2015 project “Study of the Health Impact of Oil Shale Sector”. The sample comprise of 1326 schoolchildren aged 8–12.
A logistical regression model was used to study the association between schoolchildren’s asthma, allergies and symptoms and the home environment. The results were described and analysed using frequencies and relative frequencies, unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
The results of the analysis showed that self-reported asthma diagnose was 10,1% (95% CI 8,5–11,9) of subjects and self-reported allergy diagnose was 18,6% (95% CI 16,6–20,8) of subjects. 23.6% (95% CI 21,3–26,0) of subjects reported daily symptoms.
The study found no statistically significant relationship between the diagnosis of asthma and environmental factors and mother education. The study found that subjects whose reported a leak or water-based accident in their home in the previous 12 months were 1,74 times more likely to have allergies (95% CI 1,08–2,78) and 1,94 times more likely to report daily symptoms (95% CI 1,14–3,30). The subjects who reported history of visible mould in their home in the previous 12 months were 1,53 (95% CI 1,06–2,21) times more likely to have allergies. Those
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who had experienced mould, moisture or leaks in their home in the previous 10 years were 1,78 (95% CI 1,18–2,70) times more likely to report daily symptoms of an illness.
If family members have asthma, there is also a higher chance of developing asthma. If family members have allergies, there is a higher chance of a child to developing asthma or allergy.
Subjects who had respiratory diseases (pneumonia, bronchitis, asthmatic bronchitis or bronchiolitis) during the first two years of life were more likely to develop asthma. Those who fell ill in the first two years of life with bronchitis, asthmatic bronchitis or bronchiolitis were more likely to develop allergies. No statistically significant relationship was found between the daily symptoms and respiratory diseases in the first two years of life.
From this thesis, it can be concluded that environmental factors are related to the occurrence of allergies and daily symptoms of an illness. There is also a higher chance of being diagnosed with asthma and allergies if you become ill with respiratory diseases in the first years of life. In addition, there is a higher chance of developing asthma or allergies if there is a history of asthma or allergy in the family.
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Tänuavaldus
Käesoleva magistritöö valmimisele kaasaaitamise eest soovin avaldada siirast tänu:
- Ene Indermittele juhendamise, toetuse ja innustamise eest.
- Heti Pisarevile väärtuslike nõuannete ja suure abi eest statistilise analüüsi tegemisel.
- Oma kursusekaaslastele ning peremeditsiini ja rahvatervishoiu instituudi kollektiivile toetava suhtumise eest.
- Tartu Ülikooli tervishoiu instituudile, Tartu Ülikooli lastekliinikule ja Terviseametile võimaluse eest kasutada uuringuandmeid projektist „Kooliõpilaste hingamisteede, allergiate ja koduse keskkonna uuring“.
- Oma perekonnale, kelle igakülgse toe ja abiga laste hoidmisel sai magistritöö valmis.
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Curriculum vitae
Ees- ja perekonnanimi: Maarit Kriisa Sünniaeg ja -koht: 25.05.1985, Tartu
E-post: maarit.kriisa@gmail.com
Haridus:
2018–... Tartu Ülikool, magistriõpe (rahvatervishoid)
2006–2014 Eesti Ettevõtluskõrgkool Mainor, kõrgharidus (ärijuhtimine) 1992–2004 Ülenurme Gümnaasium, keskharidus
1994–2002 Ülenurme Muusikakool, klaveri eriala Keelteoskus:
eesti emakeel
inglise B2
vene A1
Töökogemus:
2019–... Crown CRO OÜ, kliiniliste ravimiuuringute assistent
2013–2014 Maskin Grupp OÜ, assistent (2015–2018 lapsehoolduspuhkusel) 2011–2013 Erakliinik Dentes AS, ostujuht
Kuupäev: 21.05.2020
42
Lisa
Magistritöös kasutatud küsimused. „Kooliõpilaste hingamisteede, allergiate ja koduse keskkonna küsimustik“
ÜLDOSA
4. Lapse kodune aadress (maakond, vald/linn/küla, postiindeks, tänav, maja/korteri nr):
6. Lapse sünniaeg: (päev/kuu/aasta)
A OSA INFORMATSIOON LAPSE ESIMESE KAHE ELUAASTA KOHTA 1.A Kas Teie laps on oma esimese eluaasta jooksul kokku puutunud tubakasuitsuga?
ei jah ei tea
2.A Esimese kahe eluaasta jooksul, kas Teie laps põdes järgmisi haigusi:
1 kopsupõletik 2 bronhiit
3 astmaatiline bronhiit 4 bronhioliit
ei jah ei tea
B OSA LAPSE HINGAMISTEEDE / ALLERGILINE TERVIS 9.B Kas Teie lapsel on arstid diagnoosinud astmat?
ei jah
21.B Kas Teie lapsel on olnud järgmisi allergiaid:
ei jah Kui ’jah’, kas seda kinnitas arst? ei jah
43 22.B Kas Teie peres on allergiaprobleeme?
ei jah ei tea
Palun märkige kõik, mis sobivad: isa ema õed-vennad 1 astma
2 allergilise nohu sümptomid 3 ekseem
C OSA PRAEGUSED SÜMPTOMID
Viimase 3 kuu jooksul, kas teie lapsel on olnud alljärgnevaid sümptomeid?
Jah, 1.C nahalööve kätel või käsivartel
2.C nahalööve näol või kaelal 3.C atoopiline dermatiit/ekseem 4.C sügelus kätel ja käsivartel 5.C sügelus näol ja kaelal
6.C silmade ärritus (punetus, kuivus, sügelus) 7.C paistes silmad
8.C peavalu 9.C iiveldus
10.C tilkuv nina/limane eritis 11.C ninakinnisus/kinnine nina
17.C väsimuse ja tujutuse tunne
44 D OSA SISE- JA VÄLISKESKKOND 4.D Kuidas Teie kodu köetakse?
linna tsentraalne keskküte ahiküte
elektriradiaatorid, õhksoojuspump vms enda lokaalne keskküte: 4.1 puit
4.2 kivisüsi vms 4.3 kütteõli vms
4.4 gaas, soojuspump vms
6.D Kas Teie praeguses kodus suitsetatakse? (valige ainult üks vastusevariant) jah, iga päev
jah, tihti, 1–4 korda nädalas jah, vahetevahel, 1–3 korda kuus ei, mitte kunagi
7.D Kas Teie kodus on viimase 12 kuu jooksul esinenud midagi alljärgnevast loetelust?
vee leke või veeavarii siseruumides seintel, põrandal või lagedel
mullid või kollased plekid plastikust põrandakatetel või mustad plekid parkettpõrandal nähtav hallitus siseruumide seintel põrandal või lagedel
8.D Kas Te olete oma kodus viimase 10 aasta jooksul märganud niiskuse, veelekke või hallituse märke?
ei jah
9.D Millist tüüpi ventilatsioonisüsteeme on kasutatud Teie kodus viimase 6 aasta jooksul?
(vastamisel märkige üks või mitu vastusevarianti)
loomulik ventilatsioon ilma ventilatsiooniavadeta
loomulik ventilatsioon ventilatsiooniavadega, kuid ilma ventilaatorita mehaaniline ventilatsioon köögis/vannitoas
mehaaniline ventilatsioon magamistoas/elutubades ei tea
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Lihtlitsents lõputöö reprodutseerimiseks ja lõputöö üldsusele kättesaadavaks tegemiseks
Mina, Maarit Kriisa,
1. annan Tartu Ülikoolile tasuta loa (lihtlitsentsi) enda loodud teose „Kooliõpilaste astma, allergia ja sümptomite igapäevase esinemise seosed elukeskkonnaga”, mille juhendaja on Ene Indermitte, reprodutseerimiseks eesmärgiga seda säilitada, sealhulgas lisada digitaalarhiivi DSpace kuni autoriõiguse kehtivuse lõppemiseni.
2. Annan Tartu Ülikoolile loa teha punktis 1 nimetatud teos üldsusele kättesaadavaks Tartu Ülikooli veebikeskkonna, sealhulgas digitaalarhiivi DSpace kaudu Creative Commonsi litsentsiga CC BY NC ND 3.0, mis lubab autorile viidates teost reprodutseerida, levitada ja üldsusele suunata ning keelab luua tuletatud teost ja kasutada teost ärieesmärgil, kuni autoriõiguse kehtivuse lõppemiseni.
3. Olen teadlik, et punktides 1 ja 2 nimetatud õigused jäävad alles ka autorile.
4. Kinnitan, et lihtlitsentsi andmisega ei riku ma teiste isikute intellektuaalomandi ega isikuandmete kaitse õigusaktidest tulenevaid õigusi.
Maarit Kriisa 21.05.2020