A hybrid system

Finally, it is possible that some sort of hybrid arrangement will emerge. In such a system there would be state-run, fully private, and state-private standards and TSRs of various sorts. However, likely some would dominate in some substantive domains and other forms in other domains. For example, it might be decided that most aspects of food safety should be left to the state, while cosmetic qualities should be entirely left to the buyers’ discretion. Process standards for sellers might be demarcated by states, but administered by non-state actors. There are a nearly infinite number of such arrangements possible; which ones are instituted will be a matter of prolonged political, legal, and economic debate and conflict. The outcome of those debates and conflicts will affect nearly everyone on the planet.

Acknowledgements

The support of the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) is gratefully acknowledged. This work is part of the Research Programme of the ESRC Genomics Network at Cesagen (ESRC Centre for Economic and Social Aspects of Genomics).

Allison Loconto and Carolina Maciel made helpful comments on an earlier draft of this chapter.

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3. The anatomy of private food law

Bernd van der Meulen⁸²

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 Plan

This chapter elaborates the legal structure of private food law, its anatomy so to speak. To this end the next section (section 3.2) paints a picture of the way private food law has or might have developed. Sections 3.3 till 3.11 discuss the elements that together make up the structure of private food law: forms of chain orchestration (3.3), ownership of private schemes (3.4), enforcement of private food law (3.5), adjudication and conflict resolution (3.6), the role of audits (3.7), certification (3.8), accreditation (3.9), the emergence of private alternatives to accreditation (3.10) and standard setting (3.11). Section 3.12 summarises the findings in graphic form, which may well be seen as the skeleton of private food law. Sections 3.13 and 3.14 discuss connections among private schemes (3.13) and between private schemes and public law (3.14). Section 3.15 goes into motives underlying private food law. Sections 3.16 till 3.22 describe the content of the currently most important examples of private regulation: the underlying concepts of good agricultural practices, good manufacturing practices and HACCP (3.17); GlobalGAP (3.18), BRC (3.19), IFS (3.20), SQF (3.21) and ISO 22.000 (3.22).

Section 3.23 addresses the attempts at harmonisation of private food law through the Global Food Safety Initiative. Sections 3.24 and 3.25 analyse the relevance of EU and WTO law respectively for private food law. This chapter ends with some concluding remarks in section 3.26.

Im Dokument Private food law (Seite 71-76)