4.5 Summary and Outlook
4.5.2 Goats as a virus reservoir
Pneumonia is considered to be an important disease in small ruminant species like sheep and goats (Ackermann and Brogden, 2000; Yener et al., 2005) and it has been suggested that viruses of the BRDC are causative agents in the naturally occurring caprine pneumonia (Van der Poel et al., 1995; Thiry et al., 2006). Therefore, studies as they were conducted in this thesis are important to analyze the role of goats as a reservoir of viruses of the BRDC. Thus, one aim of the thesis was to establish caprine PCLS and to infect these with viruses of the BRDC. In summary, it was found that BPIV3 efficiently infected the epithelial cells while BRSV was mostly found in submucosal cell layers. The infection efficiency of these viruses was similar to that seen in bovine PCLS. In contrast, BHV-1 was much less efficient in infecting caprine cells, but displayed the same tropism to basal cells as seen in bovine samples. The thesis describes for the first time the preparation of caprine PCLS and demonstrates that these slices can represent a first step in investigating pathogen dynamics among co-housed closely related species. It can be concluded that in vitro studies are a
Discussion 42
useful ex vivo tool to investigate such interactions. A next consequent step is to carry out infection studies of goats in vivo to close gaps in terms of infectivity, antibody-production, clinical outcomes and shedding of viruses. Furthermore, transmission studies have to be performed to analyze whether virus can be transmitted to seronegative cattle. Also for small ruminant species like goats, it has been suggested that viruses of the BRDC can increase the susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections with e.g. M. haemolytica. Therefore, also in this context it would be interesting to perform co-infections in order to see if they enhance the susceptibility of caprine PCLS to BRSV. Studies like these are important to understand the role of goats in the BRDC and are an essential step for vaccine design.
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