Melanie Witt - Investigations on genital blood flow and embryo recovery after superovulation with eFSH® and on laparoscopic techniques for flushing the oviduct in the mare.
Ziel der Arbeit war es Zusammenhänge zwischen der ovariellen Stimulationsantwort nach einer Superovulationsbehandlung bei Stuten und dem mittels transrektaler Dopplersonographie gemessenen genitalen Blutfluss sowie den Steroidhormonwerten im Blut zu untersuchen. Des Weiteren war es Ziel dieser Studie eine minimal-invasive laparoskopische Technik zur Katheterisierung des Infundibulums und Spülung des Eileiters an der stehenden, sedierten Stute zu entwickeln.
Methode: Sechs Stuten wurden über 5 Zyklen untersucht und die Anzahl der Ovulationen und gewonnenen Embryonen aus den stimulierten Zyklen mit denen der Kontrollzyklen verglichen. Zyklus 1 und 3 wurden als Kontrollzyklen ohne Stimulation und Besamung definiert. Im zweiten und vierten Zyklus wurden die Stuten jeweils ab einer Follikelgröße von 22-25 mm mit einer zweimal täglichen Gabe von 12,5 mg eFSH® (Fa. Bioniche-Animalhealth, Athens, GA, USA) bis zu einer durchschnittlichen Follikelgröße von 32-35 mm stimuliert. Am zweiten Tag der eFSH® Behandlung wurden 250 μg Cloprostenol (Estrumate®) intramuskulär injiziert. Nach einer 36 Stunden dauernden coasting“-Periode wurde 2500 IE humanes Choriogonadotropin (Ovogest® Intervet, Unterschleißheim) i.v. appliziert und die Stuten 12 und 36 Stunden später mit gekühltem Frischsperma (750 Mio. progressiv motile Spermien) inseminiert. Die Embryonengewinnung erfolgte an Tag 6,5 nach Ovulation durch Uterusspülung. Im fünften Zyklus wurde eine Embryonengewinnung nach Ovulationsinduktion und zweimaliger Besamung wie in den Zyklen 2 und 4, jedoch ohne vorherige Stimulation durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden der uterine und ovarielle Blutfluss täglich ab einer Follikelgröße von 22 mm bis zur Ovulation hin mittels transrektaler Dopplersonographie dokumentiert und mithilfe der Parameter Pulsatility Index (PI) und Blutflussvolumen (BFV) definiert. Die Entwicklung einer laparoskopischen Technik zur Katheterisierung des Infundibulums und der Spülung
des Eileiters erfolgte an 10 Stuten in zwei Experimenten. Im Ersten wurde ein transvaginaler Zugang (n=8), im Zweiten ein lateraler Flankenzugang (n=12) gewählt.
Die Flüssigkeitspassage in den Uterus wurde mittels Hysteroskopie nachgewiesen.
Ergebnisse: Im Rahmen der in dieser Studie durchgeführten Superovulationsbehandlung mit eFSH war die durchschnittlichen Ovulationen in den Kontrollzyklen und stimulierten Zyklen (1,3 versus 4,4 OV), die Embryonengewinnungsrate 1,2 vs 2,9 Embryonen. Mittels Dopplersonographie konnte gezeigt werden, dass es im Rahmen einer Superovulationsbehandlung zu einem gesteigerten uterinen und ovariellen Blutfluss kommt, der mit der Entwicklung multipler Follikel und einer Erhöhung des Östradiolwertes im Blut einhergeht. Die utPI (r=-0,67; p<0,001) und ovPI (r=-0,53; p<0,001) waren an t3 negativ mit der Anzahl an OV korreliert sowie mit der Anzahl an gewonnenen Embryonen an t3 (utPI:r=-0,81; p<0,001), D-4 (utPI:r=-0,64; p<0,0001), and D-1 (ovPI:r=-0,41; p<0,01).
Der transvaginale Zugang ermöglichte eine Visualisierung der medialen Seite beider Ovarien und nach Drehung des Ovars nach median konnte der Beginn der Ampulla in 3/8 (37.5%) Fällen am linken Ovar gesehen werden. Eine Öffnung des Infundibulums und Katheterisierung der Ampulla war mit dem transvaginalen Zugang nicht möglich. Der laterale Flankenzugang machte eine Visualisierung des Ovars, Infundibulums und des gesamten Oviducts in allen Fällen möglich. Nach der Auffaltung des Infundibulums war das Ostium abdominale in 8 (72.7%) Fällen sichtbar und eine Katheterisierung der Ampulla gelang in 7/11 (63.6%) Fällen. In 5 der 7 Spülungen konnte die Spülflüssigkeit intrauterine mittels Hysteroskopie nachgewiesen warden.
Ausblick: In der vorliegenden Arbeit korrelierte der uterine PI mit der Anzahl gewonnener Embryonen an t3 und D-4, so dass die transrektale Dopplersonographie der uterinen Arterien hilfreich sein könnte den Erfolg einer Superovulationsbehandlung vorherzusagen. Jedoch sollten in weiteren Studien diese Ergebnisse bestätigt werden. Die laparoskopische Eileiterspülung ist mittels eines lateralen Flankenzugangs möglich und könnte für die Gewinnung tubaler Embryonalstadien und den intratubalen Transfer von Gameten (GIFT) zur Verfügung stehen.
Chapter 8
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