R. Bauer
The purpose was to measure the latitudinal variation of Hz and CO in the atmosphere, During ANT VllI1 we used a special form of gaschromatography to detect H2 and CO. The amount of mercury formed by reduction of H g 0 is proportional to the contentration of the two species.
The absorption of Hg at 254 nm is a sensitive detector down to 1 ppb CO.
A global analysis of the more than 1000 measurements will be done in Jülich At last a value of 75 ppb CO was measured at 30° and 30°W
1.2.1 7 NET TOTAL RADIATION AT SEA H.D. Behr, R. Schmidt, D. Winterkemper
The cruise of RV "Polarstern" offered a good opportunity for gaining a meridional distribution of the components of the net total radiation. The knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of this quantity and its components at the sea surface is important for numerous meteorological and oceanographic investigations. This work is the continuation of the measurernents made during ANT V/5.
1 .The following radiation components have been recorded:
- global solar radiation (G) - reflected solar radiation (R) - atmospheric radiation (A) - ocean surface radiation (E) - direct solar radiation (I) - sunshine duration (S) - UV-Ber global radiation (UV)
In the meridional distribution of the daily Sums of these radiation components along the cruise of RV "Polarstern" from 40° to 30°S the quantities A and E increase from 40° up to the Passage of the ITCZ at 6ON, and decrease south of it. The maximum values of E in the area of the ITCZ correspond to a SST of 30°C In both hemispheres there is a maximum of G in the areas of poor cloudiness (subtropical highs), but in the region of the ITCZ high reaching clouds cause a rapid decrease of global solar radiation and the other solar radiation exhibits a different behaviour in both hemispheres: a maximum at 28ON and a rapid decrease southwards to the ITCZ due to thin clouds. South of the ITCZ the variation with latitude of direct solar radiation is small because of low amounts of clouds. A change occurred at 28's when a cold front reached RV "Polarstern". Ultraviolet global radiation (UV) was reduced by high reaching clouds in the area of the ITCZ.
2. Direct solar radiation has been measured at clear sky conditions by a hand- held actinometer (Linke-Feussner) and a photometer (dlAlmeida). These instruments are equipped with various filters (white, red, green, ...). The instruments were used for measuring the turbidity of the atmosphere at different wave lengths.
The objectives of this project are
- to determine the net total radiation and its components in the climatic regions of the Atlantic Ocean,
- to compute the turbidity factor of the atmosphere derived from direct solar radiation I, and compare it with the data measured by the actinometer and photometer,
- to investigate the UV-B-portion of global solar radiation in the climatic regions of the Atlantic Ocean,
-
to investigate the dependency on total cloud amount of global solar radiation and atmospheric radiation,-
to compare the measured global solar radiation with model values derived from Meteosat data.Corrigendum for Berichte zur Polarforschung 62 (1989)
In the EPOS l contribution of H. D. Sehr, R. Schmidt and D. Winterkemper one figure has unfortunately been omitted on Page 30. Herewith a corrected version of this Page is presented.
1. The following radiation components have been recorded:
global solar radiation (G) reflected solar radiation (R) atmospheric radiation (A) ocean surface radiation (E) direct solar radiation (I) . sunshine duration (S) UV-B,, global radiation (UV)
In the meridional distribution (See following figure) of the daily sums of these radiation components along the cruise of RV "Polarstern" from 40 N to 30°S the quantities A and E increase from 40C N up to the Passage of the ITCZ at 6' N,
and decrease south of it. The maximum values of E in the area of the ITCZ correspond to a SST of 30- C. In both hemispheres there is a maxirnum of G in the areas of poor cloudiness (subtropical highs), but in the region of the ITCZ high reaching clouds cause a rapid decrease of global solar radiation and the other solar radiation components (R, l and UV), and a slight increase of A. Direct solar radiation exhibits a different behaviour in both hemispheres: a maxi- mum at 28'N and a rapid decrease southwards to the ITCZ due to thin clouds. South of the ITCZ the variation with la- titude of direct solar radiation is small because of low amounts of clouds. Achange occurred at 28OS when acold front reached RV"Polarstern". Ultraviolet global radiation (UV) was reduced by high reaching clouds in the areaof the ITCZ.
2. Direct solar radiation has been measured at clear sky conditions by a hand-held actinometer (Linke-Feussner) and a photometer (d'Almeida). These Instruments are equipped with different filters (e.g. white, red, green . . .). The instru- rnents were used for measuring the turbidity of the atmosphere at different wave lengths.
The objectives of this project are
- to determine the net total radiation and its components, includina statistical parameters, for the climatic regions of the Atlantic Ocean,
- to compute the turbidity factor of the atmosphere from direct solar radiation I, and to compare it with those data obtained bv actinometer and Dhotometer,
- to investigate the ~ ~ - ~ - ~ 6 r t i o n of global solar radiation in the climatic regions of the Atlantic Ocean,
- to investiaate the influence of total cioud amount on alobal solar radiation and atrnospheric "
-
radiation,
- to compare the measured global radiation with rnodevalues derived from Meteosat data
aily Irradiation
latitude
Meridional distribution of the daily Sums of the radiation components
obtained during ANT Vll/l ( e x ~ l a n a t i o n See text )
1.2.18 ROUTINE XBT AND RADIOSONDE PROGRAMME