FOOD SECURITY
Ensure equitable access to adequate food and/or cash assistance
In Kachin/Shan states, food assistance will continue to be provided to 107,143 IDPs in camps and in host families, assuming that regular access to all displaced people both within and beyond Government control is achieved. Specialized fortified blended food will be provided to children under two and pregnant and lactating women. Although the results of post distribution monitoring indicated that some households have access to livelihoods/
income activities, their frequency of access to those services as well as the level of income differ from one household to another. If opportunities for durable solutions increase, the Food Security Sector (FSS) may provide assistance to returnees/relocated IDPs to support their voluntary return and resettlement.
In Rakhine State, the majority of the displaced people in Sittwe area and the northern part of Rakhine State rely entirely on life-saving food assistance due to lack of livelihood opportunities, movement restrictions and security concerns. In 2016, FSS partners will continue to provide food assistance to 103,000 IDPs, mainly in camps. In Maungdaw, Buthidaung and Rathedaung, an additional 49,000 people from extremely food insecure households will be supported with the basic food basket during the lean season from May to November. Specialized fortified blended food will be provided to children under five and pregnant and lactating women across Rakhine State.
The situation in Rakhine, Kachin and Shan has evolved as it has been three to four years since the outbreak of conflicts in these areas. FSS is currently reviewing its beneficiary targeting and the needs for relief assistance in order to understand the feasibility of transition of distribution modality and gradual reduction in the level of relief assistance. FSS will
continue the food assistance and cash transfers in consultation with local authorities and communities.
In six worst flood-affected states/regions, FSS will continue its relief assistance to 36,800 people during the first quarter and asset creation activities for 55,000 people in the first half of the year.
Restore livelihoods and enhance resilience of affected communities
FSS partners will also seek to support livelihoods programmes in Kachin and Shan to support the anticipated gradual reduction in the level of relief assistance for about 68,900 people. Findings from multi-sectoral assessments will be used to target population with access to livelihood. FSS partners will increase initiatives aiming at enhancing self-reliance on food through sustainable livelihoods programmes. In Rakhine, focus will be on a better understanding of humanitarian needs in camps and surrounding communities to identify opportunities to limit dependency to food assistance for about 145,000 people, especially in return area and northern part of Rakhine State.
In flood-affected states/regions, in light of the massive destruction in agriculture and livestock sectors, FSS partners will provide agriculture inputs from January to July for monsoon season to 460,000 people.
FSS partners will continue to enhance coordination with other sectors/clusters operating in Kachin, Shan, Rakhine and other flood-affected states/regions, and incorporate issues such as accountability to affected populations, gender equality, protection, community participation and value for money, while providing food security assistance to the most vulnerable people. Integrated strategy for response to malnutrition will be developed with other relevant sectors/clusters for northern part of Rakhine State.
FOOD SECURITY OBJECTIVE 1:
1
Ensure equitable access to adequate food and/or cash assistance.RELATES TO SO1
FOOD SECURITY OBJECTIVE 2:
2
Restore livelihoods and enhance resilience of affected communities.RELATES TO SO1 PEOPLE IN NEED
841,223
Rakhine: 252,000 Kachin/Shan: 129,837 Floods: 459,386
Masae Shimomura masae.shimomura@wfp.org
Christophe Loubaton christophe.loubaton@foodsecuritycluster.net
$34�7M
Rakhine
Kachin/Shan FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS US$
BREAKDOWN OF PEOPLE IN NEED AND TARGETED BY STATUS
STATES /
FAMILIES RETURNEE RESETTLED IDPs CRISIS
AFFECTED HOST SURROUNDING
People in need
Kachin/Shan 105,643 1,500 10,000 694 12,000
Rakhine 103,000 49,000 100,000
Floods 459,386
People targeted
Kachin/Shan 105,643 1,500 8,000 694 12,000
Rakhine 103,000 49,000 40,000
Floods 459,386
$24�2M
Floods
$21�3M
22
PART II: HEAlTH
HEALTH
Improve access to health care services including for those newly affected by disasters and other emergencies Improving equitable access to health care remains a challenge in 2015. The 2015 mid-year monitoring indicated that in Rakhine, of the 105,000 IDPs being targeted by the health cluster, only 63,000 (60 per cent) had access to basic health-care services, and that for many of these people this meant access to these services only once every two weeks or once a month. This is largely due to restriction on freedom of movement (in Rakhine), logistical and security constraints, insufficient quality health care services/
medical supplies and limited skilled staff to support health operations.
After several years of displacement, the majority of the IDPs both in Kachin/Shan and Rakhine states continue to rely on essential health care services provided by Health Cluster partners. The primary focus in 2016 is to continue to provide life-saving health interventions through a package of primary health care services, including referrals to secondary care in state-run hospitals. Key priorities for the Health Cluster include:
• Provide PHC services to conflict and disaster-affected people including host communities;
• Strengthen reproductive, maternal, adolescent and child health services with increased attention to children with disabilities;
• Improve the referral system to hospitals including inpatient services, weekends and boat referrals;
• Address the critical shortage of trained health workers through training of qualified displaced persons;
• Strengthen disease surveillance, outbreak control and response;
• Support to routine immunization;
• Develop protocols and conduct training on the clinical management of gender-based and sexual violence cases;
• Strengthen health education in particular for prevention of communicable diseases;
• Coordinate the promotion of hygiene practices and good nutrition practices in collaboration with the WASH Cluster and the Nutrition sector respectively;
• Increase access to mental health and psychosocial support services, through provision of additional support to the existing vulnerable groups within the caseload (malnourished children and their caretakers, pregnant and lactating women and other vulnerable individuals) and linking with available protection and gender-based violence referral pathways;
• Support the expansion of national healthcare service coverage to displaced people to progressively reduce the reliance on health partners.
The Health Cluster works with 19 health partners including UN agencies, ICRC and IFRC, local and international NGOs. The Cluster envisages increasing its response capacity, especially in under served areas in Rakhine and Kachin/
Shan, as well as building capacity to respond to a rapid onset emergency. The Cluster will work in coordination with other cluster and sectors such as Nutrition, WASH, Protection and CCCM and will continue to advocate for increased access to health services, including removing of movement restriction. Continued support will be provided to the Ministry of Health at central and state levels to reinforce surveillance and early warning systems, while advocating for more regular data sharing and facilitating the interactions with government authorities at both the state and national levels. Regular meetings will be held in Yangon, Sittwe, Myitkyina and Nay Pyi Taw to facilitate collaboration and increase access to health care services including for those newly affected by disasters and other emergencies.
PEOPLE IN NEED
1
Improve access to health care services including for those newly affected by disasters and other emergencies.RELATES TO S01, SO2, SO3
Philip Mann novelo.myanmar@gmail.com
Rakhine
FAMILIES RETURNEE RESETTLED IDPs CRISIS
AFFECTED HOST SURROUNDING
People in need
Kachin/Shan 87,728 8,700 - 167 - 20,000
Rakhine 123,693 20,194 - - 177,290 100,000
People targeted
Kachin/Shan 87,728 8,700 - 167 - 20,000
Rakhine 123,693 20,194 - - 177,290 100,000
BREAKDOWN OF PEOPLE IN NEED AND TARGETED BY STATUS
23
PART II: NUTRITION
NUTRITION
People with acute malnutrition are identified and adequately treated The Nutrition Sector focuses on people who are nutritionally insecure including children under the age of five, pregnant and lactating women (PLW), and caregivers of young children. Additionally, in Rakhine, the sector is focusing on children between 5-9 years who are in need of treatment for acute malnutrition, particularly in northern townships where the situation remains critical, as has been the case for many years. Interventions focus on prevention, treatment, monitoring and coordination, as well as resilience strengthening, which will be implemented through community engagement. Prioritized activities include nutritional screening and Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition (IMAM). Identified children with severe (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) will receive therapeutic and supplementary feeding respectively.
Nutritionally vulnerable groups access key preventive nutrition-specific services
Multiple micronutrient supplementation will be provided to children and PLW, while children will also receive vitamin A and deworming tablets. Appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices will be promoted and protected through a variety of interventions such as counselling, behavior change communication, establishment of breastfeeding safe spaces, and through cooking and responsive feeding demonstrations.
The Nutrition sector focuses on reaching displaced and non-displaced people through facility and community-based approaches, addressing both immediate and underlying causes of malnutrition.
Equitable access to nutrition services for girls and boys will be ensured while, to the extent possible,
interventions will complement and support existing interventions routinely provided by the Government. Gender-sensitive nutrition surveys and assessments will be conducted to timely monitor and inform nutrition interventions.
This will complement and triangulate regular programme data available through the sector’s nutrition information system.
In Kachin/Shan, a lower coverage is expected in areas beyond Government control. Similarly, the coverage in parts of Rakhine is limited due to inadequate numbers of implementing partners with work authorization and access to the affected communities. Nutrition partners will seek to increase community acceptance of their interventions while implementing activities in a conflict sensitive and Do No Harm manner.
The Nutrition sector remains committed to linking humanitarian nutrition interventions to more long term development objectives. The Myanmar Nutrition Technical Network (MNTN) continues to be an important platform, bridging humanitarian and development agendas.
As part of the flood response, the Nutrition sector will reinforce inter-sectoral triangulation of nutrition specific and sensitive indicators.
Particular emphasis will be put on integration with Health and WASH clusters and the Food Security sector as low health coverage, inadequate WASH services and food insecurity impact on nutritional status.
NUTRITION OBJECTIVE 1:
1
People with acute malnutrition are identified and adequately treated.RELATES TO SO1, S02 NUTRITION OBJECTIVE 2:
2
Nutritionally vulnerable groups access key preventive nutrition-specific services.Martin Eklund meklund@unicef.org
$7�5M
FAMILIES RETURNEE RESETTLED IDPs CRISIS
AFFECTED HOST SURROUNDING
People in need
Kachin/Shan 11,850 1,200 1,350 100 2,050 2,700
Rakhine 25,000 4,000 - - 50,900 19,850
People targeted
Kachin/Shan 8,300 800 700 100 1,400 1,350
Rakhine 22,400 2,800 - - 35,650 9,900
BREAKDOWN OF PEOPLE IN NEED AND TARGETED BY STATUS
24
PART II: PROTECTION
PROTECTION
Improve protection services and protective environment
The overall aim of the Protection Sector in 2016 is to improve the protective environment for those affected as well as to improve access to and quality of protection services. The Protection sector will continue to foster the Centrality of Protection in the on-going humanitarian response and transition to early recovery and development response. This will be done through an inclusive protection analysis, rights- based advocacy, participatory approaches and increased partnerships.
The Protection Sector’s key interventions against the above objectives include:
1. Provide quality protection services including referral pathways for people of concern;
2. Increase capacities of government and support communities to deliver quality protection services;
3. Engage in information sharing and solution-oriented rights-based advocacy with government, communities and other relevant stakeholders;
4. Enhance community capacities and networks to prevent gender-based violence and risky migration practices (including trafficking) and strengthening child protection mechanisms;
5. Increase protection mainstreaming to enhance the overall humanitarian response;
6. Strengthen programming targeting adolescent boys and girls to prevent negative coping mechanisms and promote resilience (enhance links with education sector);
7. Support the way in which authorities in all areas, communities and relevant stakeholders achieve durable solutions in accordance with international standards;
8. Maintain a strategy of protection by presence as well as systematic monitoring to support joint analysis and response.
In Rakhine, to mitigate the threat of violence against high-risk groups identified through the protection analysis, increased livelihood opportunities, strengthened GBV interventions and targeted activities for adolescent boys and girls are identified as critical programmes. The Protection Sector will continue to strengthen its participation and engagement in solution-orientated advocacy with the government and communities to support equitable and safe access to services and livelihood opportunities, and to provide protection guidance to the ongoing Government’s plan of return and relocation.
The Protection Sector will also support the Government to improve access to civil documentation contributing to the elimination of a number of discriminatory measures for the displaced and persons with undetermined citizenship.
In Kachin/Shan evidence shows that violence has a significant impact on women and children in protracted and on-going conflict. This will require concerted efforts to provide comprehensive GBV and child protection programmes encompassing support for adolescents and children in armed conflict, including those used and recruited.
Advocacy will continue at national and state level with Government and non-state actors for increased protection of civilians. The Sector will seek to strengthen the resilience and capacities of the community based organizations (CBOs) and affected communities to respond to and mitigate the threat of violence through community-based protection mechanisms. The evolving context requires that the early recovery as well as transition to durable solutions and from emergency programming to early recovery, in accordance with international standards continue both in conflict affected and flood affected areas.
A continuous emphasis needs to be put on mine/ERW programming, including mine risk education and mine victim assistance.
PEOPLE IN NEED
1
Protection services are improved, expanded and more accessible.RELATES TO S01, SO2, SO3 PROTECTION OBJECTIVE 2:
2
Protective environment is improved by mitigating threats to mental wellbeing, physical and legal safety.RELATES TO S01, SO2, SO3
Sarah Khan khansar@unhcr.org
$14�6M
FAMILIES RETURNEE RESETTLED IDPs CRISIS
AFFECTED HOST SURROUNDING
People in need
Kachin/Shan 87,728 8,700 - 500 - 20,000
Rakhine 123,693 20,194 - - 40,000
-People targeted
Kachin/Shan 68,149 - - - -
-Rakhine 123,693 5,194 - - 20,000
-BREAKDOWN OF PEOPLE IN NEED AND TARGETED BY STATUS
25
PART II: SHElTER/NON-FOOD ITEMS/