508
drought
509
The lower variability in stem radial growth of beech trees growing in more diverse plots (Fig. 3 and 510
Table 2) suggests an overall stabilizing effect of diversity (Pretzsch and Schütze, 2009; Jucker et al., 511
2014). Resistance, resilience and recovery are useful descriptors when looking specifically at growth 512
reactions of trees during and after drought events. The low resistance of TRW and δ13C values of beech 513
trees growing in monospecific plots indicates that stem radial growth declines and δ13C increases 514
during drought. Similar findings are revealed when using RWI data for calculation of resistance (Fig.
515
S6 a)). For beech trees growing in mixtures, resistance of TRW and δ13C is not significantly lower than 516
one. Thus, drought does not influence beech growth and does not markedly alter stomatal 517
conductance, as discussed in the previous section. The lower resistance to drought of monoculture 518
beech trees could lead to future mortality as it was demonstrated by DeSoto et al. (2020) that drought-519
related mortality risk is related to low drought resistance in angiosperms.
520
Metz et al. (2016) also reports lower resistance in stem growth expressed by TRW for beech trees 521
growing in monospecific plots when compared to mixtures, but Forrester et al. (2016) consider the 522
lower stand densities in diverse patches of the mentioned study as the possible cause of this low 523
resistance rather than the effect of species diversity itself. In the present study we can exclude that 524
28 lower stand density caused higher resistance in the diverse plots, since stand density is higher for the 525
diverse plots (Table 1).
526
Conclusion
527
The findings of this study indicate that beech trees in monospecific plots grow slower and more 528
irregular in terms of stem radial growth, and suffer more from drought. Beech trees growing in diverse 529
plots have more soil water available than beech trees in monospecific plots, evidenced by lower δ13C 530
values (although not significant) and a lower increase in δ13C in drought years compared to previous 531
years (i.e. resistance is not significantly lower than one for diverse plots plots). Higher water 532
availability allows higher stomatal conductance, even in dry years, which can result in higher growth 533
rates. However, this overriding effect of biodiversity on beech stem radial growth and drought 534
resistance might diminish in the future with increasing drought intensity and frequency. We 535
acknowledge that the findings of this study result from a relatively moderate sample size (i.e. nine 536
beech trees per diversity level), therefore additional research is required to further explore the 537
interactions between the clearly observed effects of diversity on beech tree growth and its 538
physiological response to drought.
539
29
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