Ecology - An Example
III. User stories of external stakeholders s.3.1 I want to find publications about different energy topics
IV.1.5. Discussion and Conclusion
eResearch Infrastructures are increasingly needed for the exchange of information and data.
Information and data as well as their exchange are backbones of research and fundamental for the scientific progress. The establishment and usage of eResearch Infrastructures and a professional data management are increasingly requested by funding organizations [cf.
Antell et al., 2014]. For such data management systems the support of standard interfaces, such as OAI-PMH or CSW, are essential key factors to build data networks and increase information and data exchange.
In this study, a system landscape from an example research project was presented that addressed the needs of a modern eResearch Infrastructure regarding external communi-cations, collaboration and data management. However, there are several lessons learned from this example. First, it took large efforts to set up and customize the systems to the project needs. Only the collaboration support systems were available as campus-wide cen-tral services. The other systems have been set up on project-owned servers resulting in time consuming installation, programming, customizing and maintenance tasks.
In the BEST project presented here, several different software systems were implemented to fulfill all requirements. The systems variety required users to get used to the different systems that differ in handling. A more full-fledged system would be desirable, e.g., a mod-ular system with several plug-ins for different requirements but with a common appearance and user guidance. Especially for the data management systems, where the willingness of researchers to register and provide their data is relatively low, which was also experienced in the BEST project, the reuse of the same systems in different projects would be an advantage to increase the familiarization and efficiency. This could be fostered by the above mentioned central services ensuring that the same software systems and standards are used across sev-eral projects. The payback of education investments could be maximized. In gensev-eral, pro-fessional data management, knowledge about metadata standards and data networks and the value of open data should be incorporated into the curriculum of researchers’ education.
Additionally, funding organizations should request the openness of research data in general.
Some funding organizations already support or require open access of research data [cf. Al-liance of German Science Organisations, 2010, European Commission, 2017] - in the BEST project it was not required. As researchers currently often do not see an advantage in pub-lishing their data, the usage of the data management system in BEST was low. For changing this situation, the pressure by funding organization should be increased. However, it is also important to strengthen the intrinsic motivation by providing positive incentives to motivate researchers to share their data. This could be realized by an impact factor system for pub-lishing research data similar to journal papers. An intermediate path was already created by Journals, such as ’Biodiversity Data Journal’ [Pensoft Publishers, 2018], ’Geoscience Data Journal’ [John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2018] or ’Scientific Data’ [Springer Nature, 2018], where researchers can publish their data with a description which is counted as a journal paper with impact factor and the possibility to become cited resulting in an increased reputation.
IV.1. eResearch - Digital Service Infrastructures
Furthermore, the establishment of a data management policy and a data usage agreement at the beginning of a project would ensure stronger commitment.
A further aspect increases the necessity of central services for eResearch Infrastructures and especially research data management: the long-term maintenance of the systems.
Projects are typically financed for a fixed period of time. However, long-term preservation of data and the maintenance of data management platforms require long-term financing due to updates of metadata standards, harvesting interfaces and the data management and operation systems. This is a task not fixed to a projects’ lifetime and can be realized most ef-ficiently by providing central services. The example of the BEST project shows the dilemma:
four years after the end of the project the servers and the software systems are not main-tained anymore, the security certificates expired, the software and operation system version are outdated and the servers are down after a power failure. For the data management pro-cess the implementation of the ’embedded data manager’ concept as described by Cremer et al. [2015] could be a promising approach by bridging the data management requirements in project contexts with data sharing and long-term preservation knowledge of scientific li-braries.
A responsible dealing with tax money requires a changing funding regime and a strategic investment by research institutions. Fortunately, several attempts are already started, such as the eResearch support services of the eResearch pioneers from Australia [for a survey of Queensland University Libraries see Richardson et al., 2012] or the Göttingen eResearch Alliance [Dierkes and Schmidt, 2015, Dierkes and Wuttke, 2016].
IV.1.6. Acknowledgments
The development of the eResearch Infrastructure presented was funded by the German Fed-eral Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF) as part of the project ’Bioenergie-Regionen stärken (BEST)’ (No. 033L033A).
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