F i g u r e 7 . Water q u a l i t y m o n i t o r i n g a c t i v i t i e s i n a d e c i s i o n making c o n t e x t .
(Source: Ward, 1 9 7 9 . )
I. STATION LOCATION 2. PARAMETER SELECTION
LABORATORY A N A L Y S I S I. ANALYSIS TECHNIOUES 2. OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES 3. OUALITY CONTROL 4. DATA RECORDINO DATA H A N D L I N G
I. DATA RECEPTION 0 LABORATORY b. OUTSIDE SOURCES
2. SCREENING AND VERIFICATION 3. STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL 4. REPORTING
5. DISSEMINATION D A T A A N A L Y S I S
I. BASIC SUMMARY STATISTICS 2. REGRESSION ANALYSIS 3. WATER OGALITY INDICES 4. OUALITY CONTROL INTERPRET 5. TIME SERIES ANALYSIS 6. WATER OUALITY MODELS INFORMATION U T I L I Z A T I O N
I . INFORMATION HEEDS 2. REPORT lNG FORMATS 3. OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES 4. UTILIZATION EVALUATION
F i g u r e 8 . Monitoring System M a t r i x . (Source: Ward, 1 9 7 9 . )
i n d e a l i n g w i t h t h e w a t e r q u a l i t y i m p a c t a n a l y s i s making up s t e p s
lumped p a r a m e t e r models a r e b a s e d on a mass b a l a n c e c a l c u l a t i o n .
Lum~ed Parameter Model: Input Assumption:
Fully mixed concentration within the whole cell con- sidered
Distributed Parameter Models:
One-Dimensional Model:
one-dimensional coefficient of dispersion Dx required
Two-Dimensional Model:
two-dimensional coefficient of dispersion Dx,D required
Y
Inf 1 9
L
Three-Dimensional Model:
'three-dimensional coefficient of dispersion Dx.D DZ required
Y I
Figure 9. Types of groundwater quality models.
(Source: Damrath et al., 1979.)
Figure 10. Schematic representation of a mass balance model for nitrogen leaching from the soil.
(Source: ~ e e v e s , 1977. )
o f g r o u n d w a t e r i n t h e p r i n c i p a l a q u i f e r s o f t h e U n i t e d Kingdom.
I n o r d e r t o p r e d i c t a v e r a g e n i t r a t e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a s a
o !
.
, Iam nro mo 2000 rn 20%
F i g u r e 1 2 . P r e d i c t e d a v e r a g e n i t r a t e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a s a f u n c t i o n o f t i m e . (Source: Mercado,
(Source: Mercado, 1 9 7 6 . )
1000
Nodeling N i t r a t e P o l l u t i o n i n Water Resource Systems
model w e r e 78 p e r c e n t and 0.63 mg N / 1 r e s p e c t i v e l y , t h e model was
Figure 16a. A regional nitrates model.
Source: Thames Water Authority, 1980.
F i g u r e 1 6 b . A r e g i o n a l n i t r a t e s model.
S o u r c e : Thames Water A u t h o r i t y , 1 9 8 0 .
development. M a t h e m a t i c a l methods c a p a b l e o f i n t e g r a t i n g p h y s i c a l
from t h e s e n s i t i v i t y o f t h e h i g h l y i n t r a d e p e n d e n t n a t i o n a l econo-
Cullural a d tconomlc
~IICPRIIV* WP'W
O r m r a l a
Budprl Prlcr Forrcasllnp
Ckmralor Eqmllons
Producllon
Cosl or Cnnnodlly
Produllon Prlcrs
Walrr Rrsourcr
f
by Locatlonby Producllvlly 6 Subourlac*
Drainage
M r l la L.n Jmquln Vallry
&#In Land Usr Land D r r r lopn*nl
Program (I.. ..
mnd O u l l l y 01 ~ 1 8 ~ 1 6 Sub-
Locallon. mwlacr Rrtuma
CoIIcy Acllon
L A N D USE W A T E R O U A L l T V
F i g u r e 1 7 . I n t e g r a t e d l a n d u s e , w a t e r r e s o u r c e a n d w a t e r q u a l i t y a n a l y t i c a l s y s t e m . ( S o u r c e : Horner and Dudek, 1 9 7 9 . )
which h a s t h r e e i n t e r d e p e n d e n t submodels t o a n a l y z e t h e h y d r o l o g y ,
There is a tremendous variety of nitrogen sources in the
identification of implications to water supply
r e c e i v e d t h r o u g h t h e o v e r a l l c o n t r o l s y s t e m when t h e b e n e f i t s g a i n e d from a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n o u t w e i g h t h e a d d i t i o n a l c o s t s o f m u n i c i p a l w a t e r s u p p l y . Moreover, when d e a l i n g w i t h
n o n p o i n t s o u r c e p o l l u t i o n c o n t r o l , it i s i m p o r t a n t f o r r e s e a r c h e r s , p r a c t i t i o n e r s , and p o l i c y makers t o r e a l i z e t h a t o n l y a b e g i n n i n g h a s been made. While t h e c o n t r o l o f p o i n t s o u r c e d i s c h a r g e s o f w a s t e w a t e r s i s b a s e d on o v e r a hundred y e a r s o f r e s e a r c h and t e s t -
i n g , c o n t i n u e d i n v e s t i g a t i o n s i n t o n o n p o i n t s o u r c e c o n t r o l a r e n e c e s s a r y t o e s t a b l i s h a c o m p a r a b l e l e v e l o f t e c h n o l o g y .
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