The DVD which can be found after the last page of this thesis contains firstly the EMuJoy-software that was used in Experiment I and that is now under further devel-opment at SourceForge.net (http://sourceforge.net/projects/emujoy). The JAVA runtime environment is necessary for running the software. Instructions for the down-load can be found athttp://www.java.com/en/download/manual.jsp.
Secondly, the animations of self-reported emotions in all participants are presented on the disc. The filmclips are saved in high-resolution with 960x700 pixels in AVI (MPEG3 audio, Indeovideo 5) and in low-resolution with 480x350 pixels in Quicktime-formatR (MOV, MPEG4 audio + video). Additionally the pre-selected musical pieces and those pieces with which the most chills were experienced can be found on this disc in MP3-format.
Thirdly, this thesis is saved as PDF on the DVD.
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Glossary
Appogiatura Initial ornament or grace note that introduces a harmony or a melody.
Arousal From “to rouse”: rose or stimulate to action or to physiological readiness for activity.
Bark scale Scale for pitches, based on human pitch perception.
Blood transition time Time that a blood wave needs to progress from one point to another, for instance from the breast to one of the fingers.
Cardiac Concerning the heart.
Chill Goose pimples or shivers down the spine experienced as a pleasurable re-sponse to musical stimuli.
Emotion space Two- or three-dimensional space, spanned by valence, arousal, and sometimes dominance.
EMuJoy Software for continuous emotional self-report.
FFT The fast fourier transformation is an efficient algorithm for decomposing sound or other signals into sinusoidal parts. One can thus see from which frequencies with which amplitude a sound consists of.
Fifth The fifth tone within a tonality.
Fluctuation Subjective perception of slow (up to 20Hz) amplitude modulation of a sound.
Heart rate variability (HRV) A measure of the variation in the heart rate. It is usually calculated by either analyzing the time series of beat-to-beat intervals from ECG or arterial pressure tracings.
International affective picture system (IAPS) Emotions can easily be induced by pictures. The IAPS is a collection of affective pictures that were pub-lished by Lang et al. (1995). The goal was to provide a set of normative emotional stimuli for experimental investigations of emotion and attention.
Psychoacoustics The study of human perception of sounds or the psychology of acoustical perception.
Psychophysiology The link between psychology and physiology.
Roughness Subjective perception of rapid (15-300 Hz) amplitude modulations of a sound.
Self-organizing maps (SOM) A subtype of artificial neural networks that is trained to produce low dimensional representation of training samples while preserving the topological properties of the input space using unsupervised learning. This makes SOM especially good for visualizing high-dimensional data.
Self-report Report about own state. Self-report can be given on distinct time points or continuously.
Skin conductance Conductance of the skin of a human hand gives information about sympathetic activity and physiological arousal. It is determined by sweat gland activity. The glands in the hands are innervated by the sym-pathetic nervous system.
TCP The Transmission Control Protocol is one of the core protocols of the In-ternet protocol suite and used for the transmission of data packets via the internet.
Valence The degree of attractiveness an individual, activity, or thing possesses as a behavioral goal.
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Abbreviations
In order to aid the readability of the thesis, the abbreviations used frequently are given here:
2DES: Two Dimensional Emotion Space ANS: Autonomous Nervous System BMU: Best Matching Unit
EEG: Electro Encephalography EMG: Electromyogram
FFT: Fast Fourier Transformation
fMRI: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging IAPS: International Affective Picture System IBI: Inter-Beat Interval
HCI: Human Computer Interface HR: Heart Rate
HRV: Heart Rate Variability M: Mean
MIBI: Mean Inter-Beat Interval
MMIP: Musical Mood Induction Procedure OR: Orientation Reaction
rms: Root-Mean-Square SAM: Self Assessment Manikin SC: Skin Conductance
SCL: Skin Conductance Level SCR: Skin Conductance Response SD: Standard Deviation
SDNN: Standard Deviation of Normal-Normal intervals SOM: Self-Organizing Maps
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol Vpn: Versuchsperson (Participant)
Acknowledgements
This thesis represents research done at the Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians’ Medicine (IMMM) at the Hannover University of Music and Drama. I am especially grateful to Prof. Dr. Eckart Altenm¨uller for providing the oppor-tunity to do the research and for the interesting nature of the work done at the institute. In particular, I would like to express my appreciation of his supervision, many suggestions, advice, discussions, and hints. I would also like to thank Prof.
Dr. Reinhard Kopiez who, together with Prof. Dr. Altenm¨uller, lead the “Emo-Group”. He provided unceasing support during my PhD. I thank my colleagues, particularly Oliver Grewe, who was also a member of our Emo-Group, for many fruitful insights and discussions. Particularly, I wish to thank Mary E. Suther-land for her thorough work and advice in proofreading this thesis. Furthermore, I thank Prof. Dr. Zimmermann and PD Dr. ‘Kalle’ Esser for their scientific supervision.
I wish to thank Dieter Drescher for his technical assistance in the realization
I wish to thank Dieter Drescher for his technical assistance in the realization