The Hungarian Administration is committed to the practical development of human resources, recruitment and training of public employees, whereby it is participating in
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activities within the EIPA and EPSA framework. In turn, Hungary is an active member of DISPA and IASIA, and participates in the Working Group focussing on human resources in the European Union and the OECD. Finally, it is part of the European Senior Civil Servant (ESCS) and the UNDESA network projects.
The programmes that are underway in 2009 are the following:
Organization, Development and Performance Assessment” at the Administration
•
Centre, in conjunction with the Prime Minister’s Office.
“Human Resource Management” in the Central Administration in association with
•
the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.
Employee Management and Training Programmes.
•
The number of public employees participating in these programmes is 75,000.
•
The importance of better public employment can also be seen by analysing the
•
latest civil service budgets:
• Employee Management and Training Programmes.
• The number of public employees participating in these programmes is 75,000.
• The importance of better public employment can also be seen by analysing the latest civil service budgets:
Revenue from Programmes
Expenditure on Programmes
8.- RECENT REFORMS AND PROSPECTS
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• Employee Management and Training Programmes.
• The number of public employees participating in these programmes is 75,000.
• The importance of better public employment can also be seen by analysing the latest civil service budgets:
Revenue from Programmes
Expenditure on Programmes
8.- RECENT REFORMS AND PROSPECTS
8. RECENT REFORMS AND PROSPECTS
Reform of institutions and budgetary mechanisms was initiated in 2006 in Hungary.
The main objectives are the following:
Develop larger and more efficient agencies and institutions.
•
Reduce the number of minority corps in the Civil Service.
•
Reduce the number of duplicate departments.
•
Merge inefficient services.
•
Develop the necessary management techniques to bring the civil service closer to
•
citizens.
Develop the quality of public services.
•
Most of these objectives have already been achieved, although new institutional reforms are underway. The aim of this reform is to clearly define each department’s missions and seek greater administrative transparency and more effective controls.
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IRELAND
IRELAND
1. - REGIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION INTRODUCTION
In 1949, the Irish State was declared the Irish Republic, which joined the UNO in 1955 and the EEC, now the EU in 1973.
The Constitution of Ireland, approved on 1st July 1937, establishes that, "the name of the State is Éire, or in the English language Ireland”. For all official documents, including international relations and other legal documents, the Irish Government uses the name of Ireland, as well as Éire for documents written in Irish. The Irish Constitution establishes that “the State is a sovereign, independent, democratic state” .
SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
The President of the Republic: The President of Ireland, who acts as Head of State, is elected for a seven-year term and is only eligible for re-election once. His/her powers are largely ceremonial, although she/he has certain constitutional powers, assisted by the Council of State, a consultative body. The Irish Constitution establishes that in the event of the absence of the President, the powers and functions conferred on the President shall be performed by a Commission consisting of the Chief Justice (President of the Supreme Court), the Chairman of the House of Representatives Dáil Éireann (An Ceann Comhairle), and the Chairman of the Senate (Seanad Éireann).
The Taoiseach (Prime Minister) is nominated by Dáil Éireann and appointed by the President. The Taoiseach is normally the leader of the political party that obtains the most seats in the legislative elections. Governments are often formed by coalitions, and there has not been a single ruling party since the 1987-1989 term of office.
The National Parliament (Oireachtas) consists of the President and two Houses, namely Dáil Éireann (the House of Representatives) and Seanad Éireann (the Senate). Each House of Parliament elects its own Chairman and Deputy Chairman from its members; it can make its own Standing Orders (rules) and no person may be at the same time a member of both Houses of Parliament.
Dáil Éireann, or the House of Representatives consists of members representing the constituencies defined by law and its members are also determined by law. There must be at least one Member for every 20,000 to 30,000 people. Elections are held using the proportional representation system. Dáil Éireann is elected for a maximum term of 5 years.
Seanad Éireann or the Senate is composed of 60 Members, of which eleven are appointed and forty-nine are elected. Appointed members of the Senate are named by the Taoiseach. Elected members of the Senate shall be elected as follows: three shall be elected by graduates of the National University of Ireland, three shall be elected by graduates of the University of Dublin, and, forty-three shall be elected by panels of candidates. Elected members are elected using a proportional representation system.
The Government consists of at least seven and no more than fifteen members, who shall be appointed by the President in accordance with the provisions set out in the Constitution. The Government is accountable to the House of Representatives and meets and acts as a collective body and is jointly and severally liable.
1. REGIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION Introduction
In 1949, the Irish State was declared the Irish Republic, which joined the UNO in 1955 and the EEC, now the EU in 1973.
The Constitution of Ireland, approved on 1st July 1937, establishes that, “the name of the State is Éire, or in the English language Ireland”. For all official documents, including international relations and other legal documents, the Irish Government uses the name of Ireland, as well as Éire for documents written in Irish. The Irish Constitution establishes that “the State is a sovereign, independent, democratic state”.
System of government
The President of the Republic: The President of Ireland, who acts as Head of State, is elected for a seven-year term and is only eligible for re-election once. His/her powers are largely ceremonial, although she/he has certain constitutional powers, assisted by the Council of State, a consultative body. The Irish Constitution establishes that in the event of the absence of the President, the powers and functions conferred on the President shall be performed by a Commission consisting of the Chief Justice (President of the Supreme Court), the Chairman of the House of Representatives Dáil Éireann (An Ceann Comhairle), and the Chairman of the Senate (Seanad Éireann).
The Taoiseach (Prime Minister) is nominated by Dáil Éireann and appointed by the President. The Taoiseach is normally the leader of the political party that obtains the most seats in the legislative elections. Governments are often formed by coalitions, and there has not been a single ruling party since the 1987-1989 term of office.
The National Parliament (Oireachtas) consists of the President and two Houses, namely Dáil Éireann (the House of Representatives) and Seanad Éireann (the Senate).
Each House of Parliament elects its own Chairman and Deputy Chairman from its members; it can make its own Standing Orders (rules) and no person may be at the same time a member of both Houses of Parliament.
108 / PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT IN EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES
Dáil Éireann, or the House of Representatives consists of members representing the constituencies defined by law and its members are also determined by law. There must be at least one Member for every 20,000 to 30,000 people. Elections are held using the proportional representation system. Dáil Éireann is elected for a maximum term of 5 years.
Seanad Éireann or the Senate is composed of 60 Members, of which eleven are appointed and forty-nine are elected. Appointed members of the Senate are named by the Taoiseach. Elected members of the Senate shall be elected as follows: three shall be elected by graduates of the National University of Ireland, three shall be elected by graduates of the University of Dublin, and, forty-three shall be elected by panels of candidates. Elected members are elected using a proportional representation system.
The Government consists of at least seven and no more than fifteen members, who shall be appointed by the President in accordance with the provisions set out in the Constitution. The Government is accountable to the House of Representatives and meets and acts as a collective body and is jointly and severally liable.
The Head of the Government or Prime Minister (Taoiseach) keeps the President informed of any matter of national or international policy, and shall appoint the Deputy Prime Minister of the Government (Tánaiste). The Taoiseach (Prime Minister), the Tánaiste (Deputy Prime Minister) and the Minister for Finance must be members of the House of Representatives, whilst the other members of the Government must be members of either the House of Representatives or the Senate, but no more than two may be members of the Senate.
The Judicial System: There are Courts of First Instance and a Court of Final Appeal.
The Courts of First Instance consist of a High Court invested with full jurisdiction and power to determine all matters and questions whether of civil or criminal law.
The Courts of First Instance consists of District Courts whose sentences may be appealed. The Court of Final Appeal is called the Supreme Court. Its members and the judges of the other courts are appointed by the President of the Republic.
Regional organization
Ireland is divided into four Provinces, Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster, and 32 counties. Six of Ulster’s nine counties form Northern Ireland (and are governed by the United Kingdom) and the remaining 26 counties form the Republic of Ireland. The four Provinces do not have separate administrative status and are merely cultural.
From an administrative point of view, twenty of the counties in the Republic are local government units. The other six have more than one local authority in their area, making a total of thirty-four authorities at county level. However, Tipperary is a special case, as it is divided into North Tipperary and South Tipperary. The electoral areas of the Republic of Ireland are called constituencies.
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