A key issue in estimation concerns the interpretation of data on caregiving time tjik. In the survey, there are two relevant questions:
1) How many days per week does the helper provide help?; and
2) How many hours per day does the helper provide help on days when she helps?
While the responses to the second question provide a continuous measure of hours per day, responses to the …rst question are categorical: a) every day, b) several times a week, c) once per week, d) less than once per week, and e) never. We can use the answers to these two questions to construct a “pseudo”
continuous variable:
tjik= 8>
>>
><
>>
>>
:
7 jik=168 if she helps every day
3:5 jik=168 if she helps several times a week
jik=168 if she helps once per week
0:5 jik=168 if she helps less than once per week 0 if she never helps
(19)
where jik is the answer to the second question.34
Unfortunately, the AHEAD respondents were asked about help from chil-dren only if they had an ADL or IADL problem. This feature of the survey design may bias the amount of reported care downwards. However, it is rea-sonable to assume that parents needing care from children are likely to have an ADL or IADL, and, at the time we constructed our data, there were no better data available.
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