In the present study, we had four main goals. First, we wanted to find a culturally adequate structure of the value of children items which should enable us to carry out further analyses. This goal was attained by finding three main value of children di-mensions fitting the four generational samples. This structure meets theoretical ex-pectations and resembles findings of the earlier VOC study resulting in an emotional, social-normative and old-age security/continuity factor. In future analyses, it will be possible to find solutions with better reliabilities for each generational sample by in-cluding the full number of items asked in the respective sample.
Our second goal was to examine similarities and differences of VOC dimensions be-tween the generations/cohorts and regions (urban/rural). The results roughly con-firmed our expectations of a change in importance from more traditional values to more emotional values of children over the generations and between rural and urban samples with a still high importance of old-age security/continuity VOc. Also the importance of analyses of mean value preferences within each generation has been
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underlined. Gender differences found in the urban sample may indicate a stronger impact of social change on male than on female adolescents.
Our third goal was to predict fertility in terms of the ideal number of children as re-ported by the mothers of adolescents. However, it was not possible to predict the ideal number of children by the different value of children dimensions. Rather, the actual number of children mothers already had influenced their ideal number of chil-dren.
Our last goal was to analyze patterns of relationships between value of children and several parenting related variables. A main result of the comparison between urban and rural patterns is that the separate analysis has been fruitful and important, be-cause different patterns have been found for some variables for urban and rural par-ticipants. Thus, different strategies may be used to fulflll similar needs and goals in different contexts. Furthermore, values of children have an important impact on mothers' parenting goals.
These findings will be anaIyzed in more detail and including cross-cultural compari-sons. A next step will also be to analyze the relations between values of children, par-enting goals and actual parpar-enting behavior (as reported by mothers and adolescents).
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