The city of Vienna and Vienna region (NUTS3) accommodate a large number of automotive companies –e.g. Bombardier, MAN (Vienna, high-volume parts), Bosch, Magna Steyr and Eybl International (automotive textiles). Companies such as Volkswagen and Bombardier are represented in our networks in both periods. Here, the appearance and disappearance of applicants in the various relationship networks must be seen under the light of developments in the individual companies. The applicant Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG disappears in the relationship network for 2000-2007. This fact can be explained by a spin-off of business parts since 1987.
The business part of vehicle techniques was purchased by the Magna Automotive Group.
In 1998, the majority of shares in the company Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG were adapted by the Magna International Inc. Magna Steyr AG & Co KG were founded in 2001. In June 2002 the company Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG & CO KG was renamed Automotive Magna Steyr AG & Co KG and STEYR Powertrain AG & Co KG was renamed MAGNA STEYR Powertrain AG & Co KG (MAGNA STEYR 2010). In the early 90s, Steyr Nutzfahrzeuge AG (trucks) was acquired by Man AG (MAN, 2010). The Power Transmission division was sold to ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Magna Steyr has not immersed as an actor in the Relationship Networks nor in Cooperation Networks and Mobility Networks. The headquarters of MAGNA STEYR AG & Co KG is located in Oberwaltersdorf. This region is part of the studied region NUTS3 AT127. The fact that the company does not appear in our networks as an active actor, it seems likely that the company does not work with inventors from the region.
The company Bombardier, in contrast, appears in two networks. Furthermore, it is striking that the company DWA German Wagon GmbH no longer appears as an actor in the Relationship Network from 2000 to 2007. The reason must be -similar to the development of MAGNA STEYR AG & Co KG- because of an acquisition of a competitor. In 1998, the DWA was taken over by the burly Canadian company Bombardier.
• Eliminated by the fact that the inventor of residence was taken in the selection of our patent data set for social networks (residence of inventors). This suggests that a company does not appear, because there is no recourse on research personnel from the region (see above).
• R & D of many German companies (suppliers) is done at German locations (KINKEL/ZANKER, 2007, p. 199); according to this actors do not appear because they do not exercise R & D activities at the foreign location.
• elimination of actors from a network through
a. Outsourcing, b. Acquisition, c. Dissolve
• of companies (in all types of networks) (Case of Vienna region).
• Another reason for an international company may be the relocation of parts of the production (even relocation, and no active R & D activities in the region).
• Possible reason can be the elimination of a large supplier / OEM.
• Non-Application of a patent (the risk that a "double invention' is patented (HENTSCHEL/ KOLLER, 2007, p. 20-21).
• Profitability reasons (balancing of costs and benefits), especially in times of crisis.
No application because there are economic reasons (economic and financial crisis).
• Knowledge inventories will be released by an actor; mobility perhaps is reduced and an actor may no longer appear as an active participant in a mobility network (for example Phillips in Eindhoven - Mobility Network for 2000 to 2007).
On the one hand the analysis offers important results for cluster management and cluster policy actors and a useful exploration of the EPO-Patent-Data Base respectively. On the other hand there are important new findings for cluster dynamics and for the “Social Network Analysis” but also the opportunity for further research (more countries, more sectors and more periods).
As regards policy conclusions one may suggests that future EU innovation policies as well as national innovation policies put more emphasis on efficient Schumpeterian networking;
R&D support for cluster regions should be carefully evaluated and inter-regional benchmarking should be quite useful.
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No. 100 Gavrilenkov, E.: Macroeconomic Situation in Russia - Growth, Investment and Capital Flows, October 2002
No. 101 Agata, K.: Internet, Economic Growth and Globalization, November 2002
No. 102 Blind, K.; Jungmittag, A.: Ausländische Direktinvestitionen, Importe und Innovationen im Dienstleistungsgewerbe, February 2003
No. 103 Welfens, P.J.J.; Kirn, T.: Mittelstandsentwicklung, BASEL-II-Kreditmarktprobleme und Kapitalmarktperspektiven, Juli 2003
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No. 113 Shi, S.: China’s Accession to WTO and its Impacts on Foreign Direct Investment, November 2003
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No. 115 Addison, J.T.; Teixeira, P.: The effect of worker representation on employment behaviour in Germany: another case of -2.5%, January 2004
No. 116 Borbèly, D.: EU Export Specialization Patterns in Selected Accession Countries, March 2004
No. 117 Welfens, P.J.J.: Auf dem Weg in eine europäische Informations- und Wissens-gesellschaft: Probleme, Weichenstellungen, Politikoptionen, Januar 2004
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No. 119 Welfens, P.J.J.; Markova, E.: Private and Public Financing of Infrastructure: Theory, International Experience and Policy Implications for Russia, February 2004
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No. 121 Jungmittag, A.; Welfens, P.J.J.: Politikberatung und empirische Wirtschaftsforschung:
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No. 122 Borbèly, D.: Competition among Cohesion and Accession Countries: Comparative Analysis of Specialization within the EU Market, June 2004
No. 123 Welfens, P.J.J.: Digitale Soziale Marktwirtschaft: Probleme und Reformoptionen im Kontext der Expansion der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie, Mai 2004 No. 124 Welfens, P.J.J.; Kauffmann, A.; Keim, M.: Liberalization of Electricity Markets in
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No. 125 Bartelmus, P.: SEEA Revision: Accounting for Sustainability?, August 2004
No. 126 Welfens, P.J.J.; Borbèly, D.: Exchange Rate Developments and Stock Market Dynamics in Transition Countries: Theory and Empirical Analysis, November 2004
No. 127 Welfens, P.J.J.: Innovations in the Digital Economy: Promotion of R&D and Growth in Open Economies, January 2005
No. 128 Welfens, P.J.J.: Savings, Investment and Growth: New Approaches for Macroeconomic Modelling, February 2005
No. 129 Pospiezna, P.: The application of EU Common Trade Policy in new Memberstates after Enlargement – Consequences on Russia’s Trade with Poland, March 2005
No. 130 Pospiezna, P.; Welfens, P.J.J.: Economic Opening up of Russia: Establishment of new EU-RF Trade Relations in View of EU Eastern Enlargement, April 2005
No. 131 Welfens, P.J.J.: Significant Market Power in Telecommunications: Theoretical and Practical Aspects, May 2005
No. 132 Welfens, P.J.J.: A Quasi-Cobb Douglas Production Function with Sectoral Progress:
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No. 133 Jungmittag, A.; Welfens, P.J.J: Institutions, Telecommunications Dynamics and Policy Challenges: Theory and Empirical Analysis for Germany, May 2005
No. 134 Libman, A.: Russia's Integration into the World Economy: An Interjurisdictional Competition View, June 2005
No. 135 Feiguine, G.: Beitritt Russlands zur WTO – Probleme und Perspektiven, September 2005 No. 136 Welfens, P.J.J.: Rational Regulatory Policy for the Digital Economy: Theory and EU
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No. 137 Welfens, P.J.J.: Schattenregulierung in der Telekommunikationswirtschaft, November 2005
No. 138 Borbèly, D.: Determinants of Trade Specialization in the New EU Member States, November 2005
No. 139 Welfens, P.J.J.: Interdependency of Real Exchange Rate, Trade, Innovation, Structural Change and Growth, December 2005
No. 140 Borbély D., Welfens, P.J.J.: Structural Change, Innovation and Growth in the Context of EU Eastern Enlargement, January 2006
No. 141 Schumann, Ch.: Financing Studies: Financial Support schemes for students in selected countries, January 2006
No. 142 Welfens, P.J.J.: Digitale Innovationen, Neue Märkte und Telekomregulierung, März 2006
No. 143 Welfens, P.J.J.: Information and Communication Technology: Dynamics, Integration and Economic Stability, July 2006
No. 144 Welfens, P.J.J.: Grundlagen rationaler Transportpolitik bei Integration, August 2006 No. 145 Jungmittag, A.: Technological Specialization as a driving Force of Production
Specialization, October 2006
No. 146 Welfens, P.J.J.: Rational Regulatory Policy for the Digital Economy: Theory and EU-Policy Options, October 2006
No. 147 Welfens, P.J.J.: Internationalization of EU ICT Industries: The Case of SAP, December 2006
No. 148 Welfens, P.J.J.: Marktwirtschaftliche Perspektiven der Energiepolitik in der EU: Ziele, Probleme, Politikoptionen, Dezember 2006
No. 149 Vogelsang, M.: Trade of IT Services in a Macroeconomic General Equilibrium Model, December 2006
No.150 Cassel, D., Welfens, P.J.J.: Regional Integration, Institutional Dynamics and International Competitiveness, December 2006
No. 151 Welfens, P.J.J., Keim, M.: Finanzmarktintegration und Wirtschaftsentwicklung im Kontext der EU-Osterweiterung, März 2007
No. 152 Kutlina, Z.: Realwirtschaftliche und monetäre Entwicklungen im Transformationsprozess ausgewählter mittel- und osteuropäischer Länder, April 2007
No. 153 Welfens, P.J.J.; Borbély, D.: Structural Change, Growth and Bazaar Effects in the Single EU Market, September 2008
No. 154 Feiguine, G.: Die Beziehungen zwischen Russland und der EU nach der EU-Osterweiterung: Stand und Entwicklungsperspektiven, Oktober 2008
No. 155 Welfens, P.J.J.: Ungelöste Probleme der Bankenaufsicht, Oktober 2008
No. 156 Addison J.T.: The Performance Effects of Unions. Codetermination, and Employee Involvement: Comparing the United States and Germany (With an Addendum on the United Kingdom), November 2008
No. 157 Welfens, P.J.J.: Portfoliomodell und langfristiges Wachstum: Neue Makroperspektiven, November 2008
No. 158 Welfens, P.J.J.: Growth, Structural Dynamics and EU Integration in the Context of the Lisbon Agenda, November 2008
No. 159 Welfens, P.J.J.: Growth, Innovation and Natural Resources, December 2008
No. 160 Islami, M.: Interdependence Between Foreign Exchange Markets and Stock Markets in Selected European Countries, December 2008
No. 161 Welfens, P.J.J.: Portfolio Modelling and Growth, January 2009
No. 162 Bartelmus, P.: Sustainable Development – Has It Run Its Course?, January 2009
No. 163 Welfens, P.J.J.: Intégration Européenne et Mondialisation: Défis, Débats, Options, February 2009
No. 164 Welfens, P.J.J.: ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ РОСТ, ИННОВАЦИИ И ПРИРОДНЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ, February 2009
No. 165 Welfens, P.J.J.; Vogelsang, M.: Regulierung und Innovationsdynamik in der EU-Telekommunikationswirtschaft, February 2009
No. 166 Welfens, P.J.J.: The International Banking Crisis: Lessons and EU Reforms, February 2009
No. 167 Schröder, C.: Financial System and Innovations: Determinants of Early Stage Venture Capital in Europe, March 2009
No. 168 Welfens, P.J.J.:Marshall-Lerner Condition and Economic Globalization, April 2009 No. 169 Welfens, P.J.J.: Explaining Oil Price Dynamics, May 2009
No. 170 Welfens, P.J.J.; Borbély D.: Structural Change, Innovation and Growth in the Single EU Market, August 2009
No. 171 Welfens, P.J.J.: Innovationen und Transatlantische Bankenkrise: Eine ordnungspolitische Analyse, August 2009
No. 172 Erdem, D.; Meyer, K.:Natural Gas Import Dynamics and Russia´s Role in the Security of German´s Supply Strategy, December 2009
No. 173 Welfens P.J.J; Perret K.J.: Structural Change, Specialization and Growth in EU 25, January 2010
No. 174 Welfens P.J.J.; Perret K.J.; Erdem D.: Global Economic Sustainability Indicator:
Analysis and Policy Options for the Copenhagen Process, February 2010
No. 175 Welfens, P.J.J.: Rating, Kapitalmarktsignale und Risikomanagement: Reformansätze nach der Transatlantischen Bankenkrise, Februar 2010
No. 176 Mahmutovic, Z.: Patendatenbank: Implementierung und Nutzung, Juli 2010
No. 177 Welfens, P.J.J.: Toward a New Concept of Universal Services: The Role of Digital Mobile Services and Network Neutrality, November 2010
No. 178 Perret J.K.: A Core-Periphery Pattern in Russia – Twin Peaks or a Rat´s Tail, December
No. 179 Welfens P.J.J.: New Open Economy Policy Perspectives: Modified Golden Rule and Hybrid Welfare, December 2010
No. 180 Welfens P.J.J.: European and Global Reform Requirements for Overcoming the Banking Crisis, December 2010
No. 181 Szanyi, M.: Industrial Clusters: Concepts and Empirical Evidence from East-Central Europe, December 2010
No. 182 Szalavetz, A.: The Hungarian automotive sector – a comparative CEE perspective with special emphasis on structural change, December 2010
No. 183 Lengyel, B.: The Hungarian ICT sector – a comparative CEE perspective with special emphasis on structural change, December 2010
No. 184 Lengyel, B.: Regional clustering tendencies of the Hungarian automotive and ICT industries in the first half of the 2000’s, December 2010
No. 185 Schröder, C.: Regionale und unternehmensspezifische Faktoren einer hohen Wachstumsdynamik von IKT Unternehmen in Deutschland, Dezember 2010
EIIW Economic Policy Analysis:
No. 1 Welfens, P.J.J.: Globalisierung der Wirtschaft und Krise des Sozialstaats: Ist die Wirtschaftswissenschaft am Ende?, April 1997
No. 2 Welfens, P.J.J.: Nach der D-Mark kommt die E-Mark: Auf dem Weg zur EU-Währungsunion, Juli 1997
No. 3 Welfens, P.J.J.: Beschäftigungsförderliche Steuerreform in Deutschland zum Euro-Start:
Für eine wachstumsorientierte Doppelsteuerreform, Oktober 1998
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Weitere Beiträge von Interesse:
Titels of related interest:
Most recent books also see the last page.
WELFENS, P.J.J.; BORBÉLY, D. (2009), Europäische Integration und Digitale Weltwirtschaft, Band 4: EU-Osterweiterung, IKT und Strukturwandel, Stuttgart: Lucius &
Lucius.
KEIM, Martin (2009), Europäische Integration und Digitale Weltwirtschaft, Band 3:
Finanzmarktintegration in Europa: Implikationen für Stabilität und Wachstum in sozialen Marktwirtschaften; Stuttgart: Lucius & Lucius.
BLEISCHWITZ, R.; WELFENS, P.J.J.; ZHANG, Z. (2009), Sustainable Growth and Resource Productivity, Sheffield: Greanleaf.
WELFENS, P.J.J.; ADDISON, J.T. (2009), Innovation, Employment and Growth Policy Issues in the EU and the US, Heidelberg: Springer.
WELFENS, P.J.J.; RYAN, C.; CHIRATHIVAT, S.; KNIPPING, F. (2009), EU-ASEAN, Facing Economic Globalisation, Heidelberg: Springer.
WELFENS, P.J.J. (2009), Transatlantische Bankenkrise, Stuttgart: Lucius & Lucius.
WELFENS, P.J.J.; WOLF, H.C.; WOLTERS, J. (eds., 2008), International Economics and Economic Policy, Heidelberg: Springer.
WELFENS, P.J.J.; WALTHER-KLAUS, E. (eds., 2008), Digital Excelence, University Meets Economy, Heidelberg: Springer.