Here we have used a broad array of advanced analytical technologies, to unravel the
effects of specific fatty acid diet supplementation on oocyte microenvironment, the
female gametes, early embryos and in blood and follicular fluid using heifers as
physiological model system. Results clearly show dramatic changes in lipid profiles in
these different physiological compartments (i.e., blood system, follicular fluid,
“Intra-oocyte”) induced by the diet supplement. Furthermore, the developmental capacity of
oocytes collected from CLA and SA supplemented heifers differed according to the
type of supplement. This experimental model could contribute to the further
elucidation of infertility related to metabolic disorders in cattle and at the same time
supports the use of the bovine species as experimental model for understanding metabolic-related fertility disorders in humans. This is particularly intriguing in view of the observed long-term effects of parental feeding around conception and during early embryonic development that become apparent in the adult life (Sinclair et al.
2013).
The bioanalytical array performed here made possible the biological interpretation of
DESI and RT-qPCR data for studying the impact of in vitro culture and fatty acid diet
supplementation on individual bovine oocytes and blastocysts. Here, we provide for
the first time a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the lipid composition and its
modulation by in vitro production methods in female gametes and blastocysts. The
analysis of two different datasets (i.e. positive and negative ion mode MS) obtained
by state-of-the-art ambient MS from single oocytes or blastocysts, followed by
application of multivariate statistical analysis and data fusion strategy, makes this
work unique and provides new insight into the complex regulation of mammalian
oocyte/embryo lipid metabolism, which can also be applied to other mammalian
species, including humans. Our results demonstrate that current in vitro production
systems are associated with profound alterations of the lipid profile and metabolism
of preimplantation embryos with possibly deteriorating effects on development and
the health status of the resulting offspring. Using this novel analytical approach to
study upstream lipid metabolism, our findings pave the way for monitoring and
improvement of in vitro culture and other ARTs. Results of this study may contribute
towards a better understanding of the concept of the embryonic origin of adult
disease (Sinclair et al. 2000a; Lazzari et al. 2002) and may help to explain fertility
impairments associated with nutritional performance of cattle herds and perhaps
other mammals
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Acknowledgments
First I want to thank Professor Heiner Niemann for his all-time support. I will always be thankful for giving me the opportunity to join the amazing team of the biotechnology department. His wisdom has changed my life.
I thank Klaus-Gerd Hadeler and Dr. Armando Oropeza for that 5-minutes talk in Barquisimeto (Venezuela) where this history began. I specially thank Klaus-Gerd Hadeler for his amazing personal and technical support during the work at the cow stable and with the organization of the experiments.
I do thank Dr. Julia Heinzmann, Dr. Andrea Lucas-Hahn and Dr. Wilfried Kues for guiding me in times where the answers were not clear. Their contribution to the experimental design of this project was determinant.
A special thank to Dr. Ulrich Baulain for helping me with the statistical processing of the data. Every talk with him was a marvelous statistical lesson.
I also thank Dr. Mike Diederich for giving me the necessary technical training for the work at the cow stable.
I thank Christina Ferreira and Valentina Pirro for the amazing joint work with the lipid determination from oocytes and embryos at Purdue University.
I do thank Patrick Aldag and Doris Herrmann for their technical assistance at the laboratories of the biotechnology department.
All my grateful to Hans-Georg Sander, Rolf-Peter Poppenga, Gunner Scharnhorst and Gritt Möller for taking care of cows and heifers during the experiments, specially, their effort at the implementation of the individual feeding system performed in this study.
I do thank Professor Sven Dänicke and Dr. Ulrich Meyer for the preparation of the fatty acid supplements and for the good advices in the field of animal nutrition.
I also thank BASF for providing the material for the elaboration of the fatty acid
I also thank BASF for providing the material for the elaboration of the fatty acid
