Concluding remarks

The innate immune response represents an evolutionarily old defense mechanism directed against various invading pathogens found in all multicellular organisms (Buchmann, 2014). Since the discovery of type I IFNs in 1957, a plethora of studies have been performed to define the components of the type I IFN signaling pathway and its ability to block virus replication (Isaacs and Lindenmann, 1957). However, due to the abundance of ISGs and their impact on multiple cellular processes their specific functions in the innate immune response especially in the CNS are still far from being fully understood. The results of the present study indicated that the classical ISGs ISG15, PKR, and OAS1 are involved in the resistance of C57BL/6 mice to the demyelination processes induced by TMEV. Nevertheless, the higher expression of these ISGs in C57BL/6 compared to SJL/J mice might also be related to their sensitivity to develop seizures and epilepsy. Consequently, the type I IFN signaling pathway seems to have an impact on the development of the characteristic lesions induced by TMEV, which encourages further studies to identify the exact role of ISGs in the CNS at the cellular level. Moreover, the understanding of the type I IFN signaling pathway in physiological and pathological states of the CNS might be the basis for the development of targeted strategies to treat common debilitating CNS disorders such as MS and epilepsy.

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