2. Materials and methods
4.10 Concluding remarks
In conclusion, both physiological alterations, the increased mDA progenitor differentiation and reduced ontogenic cell death in the developing SNpc of FGF-2 deficient mice, could explain the phenotype with increased mDA neuron number, proving the regulatory role of FGF-2 in SNpc development. The regulatory participation of FGF-2 during SNpc development underlines the importance of this neurotrophic factor in maintenance and regulation of the mature nigrostriatal system. A recent gene analysis in PD patients and controls showed association of single nucleotide polymorphism in the FGF-2 gene with sporadic PD cases (Mizuta et al., 2008), emphasizing the previously suspected involvement of FGF-2 in PD, after a reduced FGF-ir of mDA neurons has been detected in postmortem tissue of PD patients (Tooyama et al., 1993, Tooyama et al., 1994). Detailed understanding of the developmental processes in VM, including the role of trophic factors like FGF-2, can enlighten the progredient pathophysiology of PD and might lead to improved treatment options for PD patients, such as cell replacement therapy. Exemplary, this study revealed a novel INFS / Nurr1 interactive mechanism for gene activation during neuronal development. This regulatory mechanism may offer a new therapeutic target for increasing production of mDA neurons in neurodevelopmental (schizophrenia) and neurodegenerative (Parkinson’s) disorders. Future studies on mDA neuron development in isoform specific FGF-2 mouse mutants may clarify the specific involvement of different FGF-2 isoforms in distinct physiological events during SNpc development.
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