A.4 Home Agent Considerations
A.5.13 Code V alues for Filter Reply Extension
InthissetionthevaluestousewithintheCodeeldoftheFilterControlExtension
are dened:
Table A.1: SuessfulFilteringRequest Codes
Code Name Value
REQUEST_ACCEPTED 0
Table A.2: Failed FilteringRequest Codes
ErrorCode Name Value
NO_FILTERS 1
TOO_MANY_FILTERS 2
INVALID_FILTER_SYNTAX 3
UNKNOWN_FILTER 4
CAN_NOT_DROP_MIP_SIG 5
The Error Code CAN_NOT_DROP_MIP_SIG is used when the mobilenode
is-sues aFilteringRequest requesting the dropof ows orrespondingto Mobile IPv4
signallingsuh as Agent Advertisements orRegistration Requests and Replies.
1.1 HierarhialAddress Organisationand Mobility . . . 15
2.1 The Split TCP . . . 21
2.2 The Loation Independent Network Arhiteture Protool Stak . . . 24
2.3 The Host Identity ProtoolStak . . . 25
2.4 TCP/IP ProtoolStak with Mobile IP . . . 29
2.5 The Mobile InternetProtool . . . 30
3.1 Mobile IP hand-o between IEEE 802.11and WLAN IP Network . . 35
3.2 FiniteState Mahine of Mobile IP Hand-o with LazyCell Swithing 39
3.3 Finite State Mahine of Mobile IP Hand-o with Fast Lazy Cell
Swithing . . . 41
3.4 FiniteState Mahine of Mobile IP Hand-o with Eager Cell Swithing 41
3.5 Agent Advertisements Timing Graph . . . 43
3.6 Eet of Advertisement Size and Periodto BandwidthEieny . . . 45
3.7 FiniteState Mahine of Mobile IP Hand-os with HCS . . . 45
3.8 FiniteState Mahine of Mobile IP Hand-os with FHCS . . . 46
3.9 SimulationTopology . . . 47
3.10 Average RTP Paket Loss during Mobile IP Hand-os . . . 48
3.11 Paket Loss Varianeduring Mobile IP Hand-os . . . 49
3.12 Adaptabilityof Move Detetion Algorithms. . . 50
3.13 Registration Requests perLoationUpdate. . . 51
3.14 PDF of Servie Disruptionfor LCS . . . 52
3.15 PDF of Servie Disruptionfor FLCS . . . 52
3.16 Average RTP Paket Loss during Mobile IP Hand-os for Bak and
Forth Movement Patterns . . . 53
3.17 PaketLoss VarianeduringMobileIP Hand-osfor Bak andForth
Movement Patterns . . . 54
3.18 AdaptabilityofMoveDetetionAlgorithmsforBakandForth
Move-mentPatterns . . . 54
3.19 ExperimentalSetup . . . 55
3.20 RTP Paket Trae during Mobile IP Hand-o with ECS. . . 57
3.21 RTP Paket Trae during Mobile IP Hand-o with FHCS . . . 58
3.22 Mean Delay Comparisonof ECS and FHCS Mobile IP Hand-os . . . 58
3.23 StandardDeviationComparisonofECSandFHCSMobileIPHand-os 59
3.24 Mobile Node Roamingin aMobile IP Hierarhy . . . 60
3.26 Analytial and Simulatory Paket Loss Probability Comparison of
ECS Mobile IP Hand-os for various Link Transmission Times (
f
),k
=10,ρ
=0.8,µ
=10,T
=20msandt ad
=1000ms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673.27 Analytial and Simulatory Paket Loss Probability Comparison of
ECS Mobile IP Hand-os for various Link Transmission Times (
f
),k
=10,ρ
=0.8,µ
=10,T
=20msandt ad
=100ms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683.28 Analytial and Simulatory Paket Loss Probability Comparison of
FHCSMobile IP Hand-os forvarious LinkTransmission Times(
f
),k
=10,ρ
=0.8,µ
=10 andT
=20ms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683.29 FastHand-os for Mobile IP . . . 70
4.1 Sliding Window Flow Control . . . 74
4.2 Breakdown of TCP Hand-o Reovery Time . . . 81
4.3 TCP Hand-o Reovery Time . . . 82
4.4 TCP Performane overMobile IP Simulation Topology . . . 83
4.5 TCP Paket Trae of Mobile IP Hand-o with LCS . . . 84
4.6 TCPRetransmissionTimeoutPeriodduringMobileIPhand-owith
LCS . . . 84
4.7 Congestion Window and Ssthresh Reation to Mobile IP hand-o
with LCS . . . 85
4.8 ExperimentalSetupforthe InvestigationofTCPPerformaneduring
Mobile IP Hand-os . . . 86
4.9 TCP Paket Traes for ECS and LCS Mobile IP Hand-os . . . 88
4.10 Event Sequene of TCP during a Mobile IP Hand-o with LCS and
ECS Support . . . 89
4.11 Mobile Sender Aelerated Mobile IP Hand-o Reovery . . . 90
4.12 Mobile Sender Mobile IP Hand-o Reovery Congestion Window. . . 90
4.13 Mobile Reeiver Aelerated Mobile IP Hand-o Reovery . . . 91
4.14 Mobile Reeiver MobileIP Hand-o Reovery Congestion Window . . 91
5.1 The ProtoolProle of WAP overGSM-CSD . . . 96
5.2 WAP Hand-os between GSMand IEEE 802.11b ExperimentalSetup 97
5.3 WAP Communiation Model. . . 99
5.4 PaketTrae ofaWAPCommuniationduringaMobile IPHand-o
between GSM-CSD and IEEE 802.11b . . . 101
5.5 RTTofaWAPCommuniationduringaMobileIPHand-obetween
GSM-CSD and IEEE 802.11b . . . 101
5.6 RoundTripTimeofPingbetweenthe MobileTerminalandtheWAP
Gateway overGSM-CSD . . . 102
5.7 Throughputof a WAP Communiationduring a Mobile IP Hand-o
between GSM-CSD and IEEE 802.11b . . . 103
5.8 Eieny of a WAP Communiation during a Mobile IP Hand-o
6.1 The perentage of mobile subsribers in Europe inreases and the
respetive numberof Internet enabledhandsets . . . 105
6.2 FlowManagementOperation Model. . . 115
6.3 FlowSplittingOperation Model . . . 116
7.1 ExperimentalTestbed . . . 120
7.2 UDP Flows Progress . . . 122
7.3 Flows Paket Loss. . . 123
7.4 UDP Flow1 Inter-paket Delay . . . 123
7.5 UDP Flow2 Inter-paket Delay . . . 124
7.6 UDP Flow1 Throughput (100msSnapshot) . . . 124
7.7 UDP Flow2 Throughput (100msSnapshot) . . . 125
7.8 UDP Flow2 Inter-paket Delay CDF Prior toFlow Hand-o . . . 125
7.9 UDP Flow2 Inter-paket Delay CDF Following FlowHand-o . . . . 126
7.10 UDP FlowProgress ofSingle FlowDistributionwith 1:1Paket
Dis-tributionRate . . . 128
7.11 UDP PaketLoss ofSingle FlowDistribution with1:1Paket
Distri-bution Rate . . . 129
7.12 UDP Interpaket Delay of Single Flow Distribution with 1:1 Paket
DistributionRate . . . 130
7.13 UDP ThroughputofSingleFlowDistributionwith 1:1Paket
Distri-bution Rate . . . 131
7.14 UDP ThroughputofSingleFlowDistributionwith 5:3Paket
Distri-bution Rate . . . 132
8.1 TCP Flows Progress . . . 134
8.2 TCP Flow1 Throughput(100ms Snapshot) . . . 135
8.3 TCP Flow2 Throughput(100ms Snapshot) . . . 135
8.4 TCP Flow1 Congestion Window . . . 136
8.5 TCP Flow2 Congestion Window . . . 137
8.6 TCP Flow1 RetransmissionTimeout . . . 137
8.7 TCP Flow2 RetransmissionTimeout . . . 138
8.8 TCP Paket Trae of Single Flow Distribution with 1:1 Paket
Dis-tributionRate . . . 139
8.9 TCPCongestionWindowofSingleFlowDistributionwith1:1Paket
DistributionRate . . . 140
8.10 TCP ThroughputofSingle FlowDistributionwith 1:1Paket
Distri-bution Rate . . . 141
8.11 TCP Retransmission Timeout of Single Flow Distribution with 1:1
Paket DistributionRate . . . 142
8.12 TCP ThroughputofSingle FlowDistributionwith 3:1Paket
Distri-8.13 TCPCongestionWindowofSingleFlowDistributionwith3:1Paket
DistributionRate . . . 143
A.1 Registration Request Message Format . . . 149
A.2 Mobility Agent Advertisement Extension Format . . . 154
A.3 StrutureofaFilteringRequest,FM=FilterModule,FCE=Filter Con-trolExtension . . . 155
A.4 Behaviour AggregateFiltersExtension Format . . . 156
A.5 ProtoolExtension Format . . . 156
A.6 Soure Address Extension Format . . . 157
A.7 Soure Network ExtensionFormat. . . 157
A.8 Soure Port Extension Format . . . 158
A.9 Soure PortRange Extension Format . . . 159
A.10DestinationPortExtension Format . . . 159
A.11DestinationPortRange Extension Format . . . 160
A.12Free Form Extension Format . . . 160
A.13FilterControlExtension Format . . . 161
A.14FilterDeletion Extension Format . . . 161
A.15FilterReply Extension Format. . . 162
A.1 Suessful FilteringRequest Codes . . . 162
A.2 Failed FilteringRequest Codes. . . 162
B.1 Listof used mathematial symbols . . . 173
Domain Aolletionofnetworkssharingaommonnetwork
administra-tion. [109℄
Point of Attahment Amobilenodethatestablisheslinkonnetivitywitha
net-work and reeives a are-of IP address from the orresponding
IP administrative domain is said to have aquired a point of
attahmentto the network [51℄.
Mobile Node A host orrouter that hanges itspoint of attahmentfrom one
network orsubnetwork toanother. A mobile node may hange
itsloationwithouthanging itsIPaddress; itmay ontinue to
ommuniate with other Internet nodes at any loation using
its(onstant) IP address, assuminglink-layer onnetivity toa
point of attahmentis available.
Home Agent A routeronamobile node's homenetwork whih tunnels
data-gramsfordeliverytothemobilenodewhenitisawayfromhome
andmaintains urrentloationinformationfor themobilenode
[109℄.
Foreign Agent A router on a mobile node's visited network whih provides
routing servies to the mobile node while registered. The F
or-eignAgentdetunnelsanddeliversdatagramstothemobilenode
thatweretunnelledbythemobilenode'sHomeAgent. For
data-gramssent by amobilenode, the ForeignAgent mayserve asa
default routerfor registered mobile nodes [109℄.
Agent Advertisement Anadvertisementmessageonstrutedbyattahinga
spe-ialExtension toa routeradvertisement [34℄ message [109℄.
Care-of Address The termination point of a tunnel toward a mobile node, for
datagrams forwarded to the mobile node while it is away from
home. The protool an use two dierent types of are-of
ad-dress: aForeignAgentare-ofaddressïs anaddressofaForeign
Agentwithwhihthe mobilenodeisregisteredandao-loated
are-ofaddressïs anexternallyobtainedloaladdresswhihthe
mobile node has assoiated with one of its own network
inter-faese [109℄.
Correspondent Node A peer with whih a mobile node is ommuniating. A
orrespondent node maybeeither mobile orstationary [109℄.
Home Network A network, possibly virtual, having a network prex mathing
that of a mobile node's home address. Note that standard IP
routingmehanismswilldeliverdatagramsdestined toamobile
Foreign Network Anynetworkotherthanthemobilenode'sHomeNetwork[109℄.
Home Address An IP address that is assigned for an extended period of time
toamobilenode. Itremainsunhangedregardlessof wherethe
node is attahed tothe Internet [109℄.
Link A failityormediumoverwhihnodes an ommuniateatthe
linklayer. A linkunderlies the networklayer [109℄.
Mobility Agent Either aHome Agent or aForeign Agent [109℄.
Mobility Binding Theassoiationof ahomeaddresswitha are-ofaddressalong
with the remaininglifetimeof that assoiation[109℄.
Filtering Agent MobileIPv4entitiesthatanmaintainFiltersformobility
bind-ings suh asthe HA, RFA and GFA [51℄.
Filter Module The smallest module from whih omplex Filters are dened
[51℄.
Filter Body The olletionof FilterModules ina Filter[51℄.
Filter AolletionofaFilterBodyandontrolinformationdesribing
howa ow(s) should be handled [51℄.
Filtering Request Mobile IPv4 signalling (registration request, binding update)
with the purpose of establishing a new mobility binding that
may ontain one ormore Filters [51℄.
AP AessPoint
ARQ Automati RepeatreQuest
BS Base Station
CN Correspondent Node
CSD CiruitSwithed Data
ECS EagerCell Swithing
FA Foreign Agent
FHCS FastHintedCellSwithing
FLCS FastLazy CellSwithing
GFA GatewayForeignAgent
GPRS Generi PaketRadio Servie
GSM General Systemfor Mobile
HA HomeAgent
HCS HintedCell Swithing
IEEE Instituteof Eletrialand
Eletroni Engineers
IETF Internet Engineering Task
Fore
IP Internet Protool
ISP Internet Servie Provider
LAN LoalAreaNetwork
LCS LazyCell Swithing
MAC Medium AessControl
MIP Mobile Internet Protool
MN Mobile Node
PDF ProbabilityDensityFuntion
PPP Point/to/Point Protool
PSTN Publi Swithed Telephone
Network
RAS Remote AessServer
RSVP Resourere-SerVetion
Protool
RTCP RealTime Control Protool
RTP RealTime Protool
RTO Retransmission Time-Out
RTT Round Trip Time
SAR Segmentation and
Re-assembly
SCTP Stream Control Transmission
Protool
SDU Servie DataUnit
SIP SessionInitiation Protool
TCP Transmission Control Protool
UDP User DatagramProtool
WAP Wireless Appliation Protool
WSP Wireless SessionProtool
WTP Wireless TransportProtool
WWW World Wide Web
Table B.1: List of used mathematialsymbols
See
Symbol Area
Page
Meaning
t ECS
43 Mean Move Detetion delayfor ECSt LCS
43 Mean Move Detetion delayfor LCSt mdm
43 Mean Move Detetion delayb
43 Move Detetion delay fatorsec −−
Seond(s)ms −−
Milliseond(s)bps −−
BitsperseondKbps −−
KilobitsperseondKBps −−
Kilobyte perseondM bps −−
MegabitsperseondM Bps −−
Megabyteperseondlocupd/sec
48 Loationupdatesper seondt ho
60 Timeinstane ofa hand-o(X,Y )
60 Constant,link transmissiontimebetween routersX
andY
Rx
60 Randomvariable,paketproessingtimeinrouterX
t 1
60 TimeofarrivalattheGFAoftherstdatapaketthat will omplete proessing at the FA beyond
timepoint
t ho
andtherefore willbe lostt 2
61 Time instane that the GFA is notied of theMN'saquired point of attahment
µ
61 Maximumservierateρ
61 Tra intensityt ad
80 Mobilityagent advertisement periodT
62 Inter-paket delayt back − of f
73 TCP exponential bak-otimet total
80 Total Mobile IPhand-o reovery timet M IP
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