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3. ABSTRACT
3. Abbreviations
4. INTRODUCTION
4. Barrel Cortex Anatomy
6. Cellular components of the barrel cortex 6. Neuronal cells
9. Electric signature of excitatory and inhibitory neurons 10. Neurotransmitters in barrel cortex
12. Coupling and developement 12. Astrocytes
16 Gliotransmitters and neuron-astrocyte interaction 20. Aim of the study
22. MATERIALS AND METHODS
22. Ethical approval
22. Animal preparation and Ca2+imaging
23. Immunohistochemistry and morphological characterization 24. Solutions and drugs
25. Data analysis
27. Morphological and physiological properties of selected neurons 29. Neuronal coupling
30. Evoked response in and outside the stimulated column 33. Ca2+ chelation in astrocytes
35. BAPTA dialysis of astrocytes impaired their Ca2+ response locally but a large population of astrocytes was activated in a distal region
38. Astrocytic Ca2+ chelation leads to an enhanced neuronal evoked response
41. Activation of GABAA and GABAB receptors inhibits neuronal evoked response
43. Astrocytic Ca2+ chelation, GABA receptor blockage or dialysis with high [Cl-] reverse a stimulus-induced hyperpolarization into depolarization
45. Astrocytic Ca2+ chelation increases the frequency of APs after stimulation (high [Cl-]i in neuron)
46. Neuronal reversal potential shifts from -50 to 0mV upon GABA receptors blockage
48. Neurons dialyzed with high [Cl-] show spontaneous depolarizing events after astrocytes were dialyzed with BAPTA
50. GABAB-mediated neuronal inhibition
52. Ionotropic glutamate receptor blockers have an only marginal effect on the neuronal evoked response
modulation play only a minor role in the control of the evoked neuronal response
57. Spontaneous activity of barrel cortex neurons 59. Stimulus delivery and ePSC frequency
60. Short- and long- term effects of astrocytic Ca2+ chelation
63. DISCUSSION
63. Electrophysiological recordings in barrel cortex were obtained from excitatory neurons
65. Dye-coupling between L4 and L2/3 neurons
66. Characterization of the neuronal evoked response in the barrel cortex 68. Ca2+ chelation in astrocytes
69. Astrocytes mediate neuronal inhibition
74. Astrocyte-mediated inhibition and GABA-mediated inhibition (analogies)
76. Location of GABAAand GABABreceptors
78. Other receptors possibly involved in the gliotransmission leading to GABAergic inhibition
78. Glutamate 80. ATP/adenosine 81. D-Serine
82. Glycine
84. Perspectives
84. ePSC frequency and long-term modulation
86. Gap junctions, potassium buffering and calcium chelation 88. Possible functional roles of gliotransmission in barrel cortex
89. CONCLUSION
90. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 90. FUNDINGS
91. BIBLIOGRAPHY
C U R R I C U L U M V I T A E
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