IV. Appendix
Table A. 1. Individual number (ind.m-2) according classification by width body of the litterbags under land uses and soil types in the dry season.
Classification by Wide Size
Order Black Forest Soils
Red Forest Soils Total Forest Black Milpa Soils
Red Milpa Soils Total Milpa
Big Araneae 20 9 29 13 21 34
Big Blattoptera 0 1 1 0 1 1 Big Caelifera 0 1 1 0 0 0 Big Carabidae/Coccinelli 1 0 1 0 0 0 Big Coleoptera 23 10 33 6 10 16 Big Coleoptera Larve 7 8 15 0 1 1 Big Dermaptera 0 0 0 0 2 2 Big Diplopoda 8 10 18 0 8 8 Big Diptera 0 1 1 0 4 4 Big Embioptera 0 1 1 0 0 0 Big Formicidae 6 36 42 4 4 8 Big Gastropoda 1 0 1 0 2 2 Big Hemiptera 0 0 0 1 1 2 Big Heteroptera 0 0 0 0 5 5 Big Isopoda 0 1 1 0 0 0 Big Isoptera: Termite 7 4 11 35 83 118 Big Lepidoptera 0 6 6 0 0 0 Big Lumbricidae 0 0 0 0 1 1 Big Oribatida 1 0 1 0 0 0 Big Pseudoscorpionida 2 4 6 4 6 10 Big Pupa Insect 0 0 0 0 1 1
Big Scarabaeidae 3 0 3 0 1 1 Big Siphonaptera 0 0 0 0 6 6
Medium Acari 3 0 3 8 2 10 Medium Diplura 3 4 7 3 3 6 Medium Myriapoda 6 3 9 1 4 5
IV. Appendix
Table A. 2. Individual number (ind.m-2) according classification by width body of the litterbags under land uses and soil types in the dry season.
Classification
by Wide Size Order Black Forest
Soils Red Forest Soils Total Forest Black Milpa
Soils Red Milpa Soils Total Milpa
Big Araneae 10 8 18 5 2 7
Big Blattoptera 2 0 2 0 0 0
Big Coleoptera 5 2 7 0 1 1
Big Coleoptera Larve 3 19 22 6 8 14 Big Diplopoda 11 8 19 1 0 1 Big Diptera Larve 3 0 3 2 3 5
Big Formicidae 20 84 104 8 5 13
Big Heteroptera 0 0 0 1 0 1 Big Isopoda 0 0 0 0 0 0
Big Isoptera: Termite 0 103 103 0 0 0
Big Lepidoptera 1 1 2 0 1 1 Big Lumbricidae 27 7 34 4 6 10 Big Pseudoscorpionida 0 0 0 1 1 2 Big Scarabaeidae 0 0 0 1 0 1 Big Scorpion 1 0 1 0 0 0
Medium Acari 0 0 0 4 5 9 Medium Diplura 19 84 103 21 13 34 Medium Myriapoda 6 11 17 0 4 4
IV. Appendix
Table A. 3. Individual number (ind.m-2) according classification by width body of the litterbags under land uses and soil types in the rainy season.
Functional
IV. Appendix
Functional
Group Order Black
Forest Soils Red Forest Soils Total
Forest Black
Milpa Soils Red Milpa Soils Total
Milpa Black HG
Soils Red HG Soils Total HG Macrofauna Scarabaeidae 3 0 3 0 1 1 0 1 1 Macrofauna Scorpion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mesofauna Siphonaptera 0 0 0 0 6 6 1 1 2
IV. Appendix
Table A. 4. Individual number (ind.m-2) according classification by functional groups under land uses and soil types in the dry season.
Functional
IV. Appendix
Functional
Group Order Black Forest Soils Red Forest Soils Total
Forest Black
Milpa Soils Red Milpa Soils Total
Milpa Black HG
Soils Red HG Soils Total HG Macrofauna Scorpion 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mesofauna Siphonaptera 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IV. Appendix
Table A. 5.Univariate Analysis of Variance for Araneae group.
Factors and Interactions P
Table A. 6.Univariate Analysis of Variance for Coleoptera Group.
Factors and Interactions P
Table A. 7. Univariate Analysis of Variance for Formicidae Group.
Factors and Interactions P
Table A. 8. Univariate Analysis of Variance for Termites Group.
Factors and Interactions P
IV. Appendix
Table A. 9. Remaining weight in litterbags in the forest soils.
Mesh Size Soil Type Time (days) Average Mass
Loss (g) SD Average Remaining
Weight (%) SD
250 micro Red 30 1,96 0,66 77 6
250 micro Red 75 1,56 0,48 80 6
250 micro Red 135 1,66 1,03 81 11
250 micro Red 180 3,19 0,11 66 1
250 micro Red 225 5,25 1,27 39 9
250 micro Black 30 1,70 0,44 80 3
250 micro Black 75 1,78 0,61 82 6
250 micro Black 135 1,85 0,32 78 3
250 micro Black 180 3,00 0,16 67 4
250 micro Black 225 5,01 0,79 41 7
1 cm Red 30 1,40 0,46 81 6
1 cm Red 75 1,56 0,47 82 6
1 cm Red 135 2,34 0,37 75 2
1 cm Red 180 3,06 0,45 64 5
1 cm Red 225 5,58 1,10 29 10
1 cm Black 30 2,04 0,46 73 7
1 cm Black 75 2,12 0,64 76 8
1 cm Black 135 2,56 0,38 70 4
1 cm Black 180 3,21 0,31 63 2
1 cm Black 225 5,54 0,62 35 8
IV. Appendix
Table A. 10. Remaining weight in litterbags in the milpa soils.
Mesh Size Soil Type Time (days)
Average
Mass Loss
(g) SD
Average Remaining
Weight (%) SD
250 micro Red 30 0,93 0,39 89 3
250 micro Red 75 1,43 0,30 81 5
250 micro Red 135 1,13 0,41 85 6
250 micro Red 180 2,50 1,53 72 14
250 micro Red 225 2,34 1,17 74 10
250 micro Black 30 2,08 0,78 73 4
250 micro Black 75 2,39 0,81 69 1
250 micro Black 135 2,75 0,23 70 2
250 micro Black 180 4,16 0,53 57 5
250 micro Black 225 3,33 1,29 62 9
1 cm Red 30 1,38 0,72 85 8
1 cm Red 75 1,43 0,43 82 6
1 cm Red 135 3,07 0,29 68 3
1 cm Red 180 4,46 0,63 51 5
1 cm Red 225 6,26 1,03 33 9
1 cm Black 30 2,74 0,88 69 10
1 cm Black 75 2,46 0,91 69 11
1 cm Black 135 3,08 0,48 66 1
1 cm Black 180 5,09 0,61 48 2
1 cm Black 225 7,46 1,55 18 14
Table A. 11. N, P Concentrations (g.kg-1) in the maize leaves at the beginning of the litterbags experiment.
Land Use N ± SD P ± SD C:N C:P
Forest 0.31 ± 0.037 0.05 ± 0.004 14 91 Milpa 0.32 ± 0.047 0.05 ± 0.006 15 84
Aknowledments
I would like to thanks to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Holm Tiessen, for his guidance, advices, and patience, throught this work. Also, I am very grateful to Prof. Dr. Juan Jimenez Osornio from Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan in Mexico, for his support during the fieldwork and for his comments and suggestions. Thanks to Dr. Martin Worbes for his cooperation throughout the process of the presentation and publication of this work.
I am very very much indebted to Dr. Barbara Wick, who gave me a lot of advises, who taugh me some techniques to carry out the measures in the laboratory, for her unreserved assistance throughout the course of this study. Her critical comments and suggestions were invaluable in the developing this thesis.
I want to express my gratitude to Dr. Francisco Herrera, who was my support during the fieldwork, for his ideas, comments and especially for his advises during the difficult moments.
In Mexico, many people help me during the fieldwork; I am very gratefull to Don Alfonso Castillo, Raul Hernandez, and Maria Concepcion Barreras (Conchis) for their assitance. Also, all Protropic’s members for their friendship and collaboration. In Germany, the people of the Section of Agronomy in the Tropics were like being in the Tropico!! I wish to thanks Ute Ronsöhr for excellent assistance, support, and cooperation in the laboratory. Naturally, to Dr.
Ronald Kühne, for his statistical advises.
This research would not have materialized without the support of many people in others institutes. I would, therefore; like to express my gratitude: in the Soil Science Institute, to Dr.
Christian Ahl, Dr. Klaus-Wenzel Becker; also to Karin Schmidt for her assitance and cooperation in the laboratory. At the Faculty of Forestry and Forest Ecology to Anita Kriegel, Christine Brüggemann, and Edith Nadai for their support and assistance during the development of some experiments. I am also very grateful to the Dr. Christian Platner at the Ecology Department in the Faculty of Biology for his help and cooperation in the
The extraordinary support of Holger, for his help during the experiments in others institutes, by loading the samples and material. And of course for his incredible patience, moral support, thanks because when the things were wrong, he was always at my side.
I thank to all my friends by their affecting support, for being with me in good and bad times. I don’t want to give names; it is not a good idea because I can forget somebody. Everybody know who were with me during these moments…
To Harald and Karin Meyer, for their emotional support. Also, their financial support is of course invaluable. Without their help I would not have been able to complete my studies.
My sincere thankfulness to my family for their moral support. To “Mi Cora” for being with me and tolerate my bad mood. Also, I would like to thanks my mother, who was with me in the last days of the thesis, thanks for her patience.
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal
Name: Adriana José Campos González Sex: Female
Date of Birth: 20.01.1974
Place of Birth: Carúpano, Sucre State, Venezuela Nationality: Venezuelan
Current Address
Am Weendespring 24 37077 Goettingen Germany
Permanent Address
Av. Rio Caroni, Edif. Floresal, Apto. 43, Urb. Cumbres de Curumo 1080 Caracas – Venezuela
e-mail: adrianajcampos@yahoo.es Education Training
2002-2004: University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
MSc. in Ecological Agriculture.
1990-1999: Central University of Venezuela (Sp. Universidad Central de Venezuela) Caracas, Venezuela.
Diploma: Biologist.
Focus: Ecology.
Professional career
2000-2001: Assistant to the Research.
Ecology Department, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (Sp. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas). Km 11 Carretera Panamericana, Urb.
Altos de pipe, San Antonio, Miranda State, Venezuela.
1996-1999 : Assistant teaching, Department of Ecology, Biology, Science Faculty Central University of Venezuela (Sp. Universidad Central de Venezuela), Caracas Venezuela.