Chapter 1: General introduction
1.4 Aims and objectives of the thesis
Although the disease cycle of V. longisporum has been well described in previous studies, seed transmission has not been thoroughly investigated so far. Furthermore, the natural infection process and plant colonization of V. longisporum under field conditions is still unclear. While no gene to gene resistance has been identified, quantitative resistance seems to be important for its control and opens the potential for breeding of resistant cultivars in the future. As described above, the phenylpropanoid pathway has a crucial but complicated role in the interaction of B. napus with V. longisporum, which demands more efforts to elucidate the potential causal relationships. Thus, based on this background, the present thesis focused on the natural development of V. longisporum and functional analysis of V. longisporum resistance on B. napus. The specific objectives of the respective chapters are briefly described as follows:
1) A qPCR assay was conducted to monitor the presence of V. longisporum in different plant parts of field-grown winter and spring oilseed rape. The major objective of this part (Chapter 2) was to reveal the natural development of V. longisporum in B. napus and its effect on yield and seed quality parameters.
2) Seed transmission of V. longisporum is an important issue with regard to epidemiology and to the international seed trade market of oilseed rape. To verify the potential of seed transmission, several experiments were conducted under controlled and field conditions. The general objective of this study (Chapter 3) was to explore whether V. longisporum is capable to be transmitted by seeds of B. napus, and whether a dissemination of the disease is possible
3) Since phenylpropanoids have been found to be important for resistance of oilseed rape to V. longisporum, a study was conducted to analyze the role of secondary metabolites, enzyme activities and gene expressions involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway of B. napus during V. longisporum infection. Since salicylic acid and lignin are two important components among phenylpropanoids and potentially competitive during plant defense response because of their common precursors, the objectives of these studies were to investigate the effect
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of salicylic acid on V. longisporum and B. napus (Chapter 4) and the role of salicylic acid in resistance responses of B. napus to V. longisporum including its relationship to lignin synthesis (Chapter 5).
4) Potential sources of resistance to infection with V. longisporum are of large interest for phytopathologists and breeders. Therefore, the objectives of these studies were to identify plant tissues (Chapter 6) or plant genotypes (Chapter 7) with enhanced disease resistance to V. longisporum.
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Chapter 2: Differential pattern of colonization of field-grown winter and spring