Lec e No e in Info ma ic (LNI), Ge ell chaf fÈ Info ma ik, Bonn 15
Demand Side Managemen in Re iden ial Con e ± A Li e a e Re ie
Ca ola Ge ig1, Denni Beh en 1, Helm Le ing1, Ralf Knack ed1
Ab ac :The digi ali a ion in he ene g ec o offe a g ea po en ial o implemen Demand Side Managemen (DSM) in e iden ial b ilding and o e ploi he ¯e ibili on he ide of he con me . Wi h he po ibili o hif ene g load , i become ea ie o e ene able ene gie ef®cien l . The inc ea ing n mbe of home de ice hich can be con olled and he inc ea ing n m- be of elec ic ca a e fa o able condi ion o implemen DSM. Thi pape p o ide an o e ie of he a e of he a app oache fo DSM in e iden ial con e . The efo e, a c ed li e a e
e ie i ca ied o . The eb , 598 a icle a e anal ed and ca ego i ed ia a concep ma i . The e l of he e i ing app oache a e e amined and i i poin ed o in hich a ea f he e ea ch i needed. Thi ega d in e alia he need fo a p blicl a ailable efe ence da a e hich o ld allo cien i®c benchma king.
Ke o d :Demand Side Managemen , Demand Re pon e, Li e a Re ie , Load Shif ing, Mic o G id, Sma G id
1 Mo i a ion
Demand Side Managemen (DSM) i he concep of hif ing demand in o de o achie e a balanced ili a ion in ene g g id . Thi concep e i ince he 198 (cf. [Ge85]).
No i ha become inc ea ingl pop la d e o he in eg a ion of ene able ene gie in he ene g em . The ene g p od c ion of he e i no con ollable b depend on e e nal fac o like he ola adia ion o ind fo ce. In con a , he demand of man appliance like a di h a he i ¯e ible and can be hif ed i hin a de e mined cope. The goal of DSM i o hif load f om ime in hich he ene g demand i high o ime in
hich he demand i lo o ene g can p cha ed fo a fa o able p ice.
DSM become fea ible d e o he in eg a ion of info ma ion and comm nica ion ech- nologie in ene g g id . Wi h an inc ea ing n mbe of ma me e in e iden ial b ild- ing i i no e ic ed o ind ial con e an mo e, b a ne po en ial fo load hif ing in e iden ial con e eme ge . Thi ela i e ne a pec of DSM i ppo ed b he in- c ea ing po ibili ie of connec ing de ice and e ice in he home en i onmen . Ano he impo an d i e a e elec ic ehicle . The g o ing n mbe of pl g-in h b id elec ic e- hicle (PHEV ) and elec ic ehicle (EV ) a i e a ne po en ial fo load hif ing. I can be a med, ha e on mind a hich ho a nigh he ca i cha ged a long i i
ead fo akeoff in he mo ning.
1Uni e i of Hilde heim, In i e fo Info ma ion S em , ÈUni e i Èa pla 1, 1141 Hilde heim, ge ig@ ni-hilde heim.de denni .beh en @ ni-hilde heim.de
In Ge man he in alla ion of ma me e in ne b ilding ha been fo ced ince 1 b la , cf. 1b Ab . a EnWG
To appl DSM in e iden ial b ilding , diffe en app oache ha e been de eloped. The diffe in he ph ical f ame o k in hich DSM i embedded, in he componen hich a e op imi ed and in he op imi a ion algo i hm i elf. No all of he app oache can be embedded in o e e f ame o k and no all of he op imi a ion me hod can con ide e e componen . To ge an o e ie of he app oache , a c ed li e a e e ie i eq i ed. The eb , i ho ld be poin ed o hich me hod a e ed in hich f ame o k and hich e l can be achie ed. In doing o, i can be iden i®ed, hich he ne ep a e fo b inging DSM in e iden ial con e fo a d. The g iding e ea ch q e ion a e:
• Wha me hod a e ed fo DSM in e iden ial con e ?
• Which f ame o k i cho en fo hi ?
• Which componen a e in eg a ed?
• Wha a e he compa able e l ?
• Wha da a e a e ed fo he e al a ion?
Re ea ch De ign
To an e he ai ed e ea ch q e ion , a c ing f ame o k fo a e ie acco ding o [WW ] i ed. Thi incl de a peci®ca ion of a ea ch ing, he choice of i - able da aba e and an e al a ion me hod. The eb e follo he concep of [B 9] and con c a concep ma i in o de o ca ego i e he e l .
.1 Sea ch S ing
Fi l , he e m Demand Side Managemen i pa of he ea ch ing. I i comple- men ed b Demand Re pon e , hich i ome ime ed a non m. A he e ea ch foc i on DSM me hod in e iden ial con e , he e m e iden ial and op imi a- ion a e added. The ea ch ing i fo m la ed in Engli h a i i he e abli hed cien i®c lang age. Addi ionall , i i complemen ed b he Ge man e m .
A ® q e on Google Schola e l in mo e han a icle . Man of hem deal i h DSM in he ®eld of a e and ga o i h he ading of elec ici . A he e a icle a e no in in he cope of he e ea ch q e ion, he a e e cl ded b adding he follo ing
o d o he ea ch ing:
- a e - ock - ga - ma ke - a e - bÈo e - ma k . In he ®nal ea ch ing he ingle ing e e combined i h AND connec o :
Demand Side Managemen OR Demand Re pon e OR Demand - Side - Managemen OR La e chieb ng ) AND ( Op imi a ion OR Op imie ng )
AND ( e iden ial OR Wohn* ) - a e - a e - bÈo e - ock - ga - ma k - ma ke
. Da aba e
One da aba e i able fo he cope of hi li e a e e ie i he elec onic Lib a AISeL , hich i a cen al epo i o fo cien i®c e ea ch in he ®eld of info ma ion
em . F he mo e, mo e ea ch pape a e ackable b Google Schola4. Th , i i ed a ell. The ea ch i e ic ed o he ime ange 1 ± 15 a ma me e fo e iden ial b ilding ha e been in od ced o he ma ke abo 1 .
. E al a ion Me hod
The a icle fo nd a e e al a ed ep i e b he i le, he ab ac and ®nall b he hole a icle. In hi p oce , all a icle a e o ed o , hich canno con ib e o he e ea ch q e ion . A ele an iden i®ed a icle a e e al a ed and ca ego i ed ia concep ma i . A a e l , he diffe en app oache can be compa ed mo e ea il .
Concep Ma i
To cla if he a icle fo nd ema icall , a concep ma i i de eloped (cf. [B 9]).
The efo e, he dimen ion a e de e mined b he e ea ch q e ion . One dimen ion i he ph icalf ame o kin hich a p opo ed me hod i embedded. One dimen ion a e he op imi a ion me hod . Fo he e al a ion of he me hod , i i impo an o kno hich componen a e op imi ed and hich a mp ion a e ed fo he da aba i . The e q e - ion a e cap ed in o mo e dimen ion :componen andda a ba i . The dimen ion a e i ali ed in ®g e 1.
.1 F ame o k
The e a e diffe en f ame o k o con ol and mo i a e load hif ing in e iden ial b ild- ing . A o gh di i ion can be made be een locall con olled DSM and cen ali ed con- olled DSM. Mo eo e he e a e h b id fo m , in hich a hie a chical c e of he ma g id i ppo ed. Ano he b oad di i ion conce n he comm nica ion, hich can be one- a o bidi ec ional. Op ionall , DSM can be pe fo med a oma icall and o man- all . To de elop a ingen b clea cla i®ca ion, fo ca ego ie a e ed o co e he po ible f ame o k conce ning DSM fo e iden ial load .
The ® ca ego i cen ali ed con olled DSM, hich mean ha he defe able load of e e al ho ehold and o EV a e con olled b one cen al node. Thi ca ego incl de he cen al managemen of e e al ho ehold and o cha ging a ion p o hole ci ie . F he mo e, he cen al node can be pa of a la ge hie a chical em. The e ha o be a bidi ec ional comm nica ion be een he defe able load and he con olling node.
h p: ai el.ai ne .o g
4h p: chola .google.de
Fig. 1: Dimen ion of he Concep Ma i
The econd ca ego i di ib ed coo dina ion of DSM. In hi cena io e e al ho e- hold and o cha ging a ion comm nica e in a bi- o m l idi ec ional manne o e abli h an op imal ched ling plan o ma ch hei demand .
Ano he app oach i a onomo DSM fo one indi id al ho ehold, po ibl i h one EV. The op imi a ion p oblem onl conce n he ene g managemen of one ho ehold and one cha ging a ion. The goal a e o inc ea e he le el of cap i e e, if a ola plan i in alled, and o o lo e he ene g bill b hif ing load o mo e fa o able ime . Thi app oach can be combined i h me hod of he ne ca ego , hich p opo e a iable ene g p ice a incen i e fo load hif ing.
The la ca ego i i D namic P icing. The goal i no o con ol defe able load , b o mo i a e con me o hif hei load man all o o igge ma de ice b implemen - ing a iable elec ici p ice . In he p oce ne peak of ene g demand ha e o a oided.
The comm nica ion ne o k i olel a one- a comm nica ion medi m, h o gh hich he elec ici p ice a e comm nica ed.
. Me hod
In all ca e a ma hema ical op imi a ion p oblem ha o be ol ed. The e a e man me h- od hich can be applied. Con ide ing he comple f ame o k, he i ic me hod in he
®eld of gene ic algo i hm and ocha ic op imi a ion can be e pec ed, he ea di - ib ed algo i hm can ppo he di ib ed c e of he defe able load . Ob io l ,
anda d ol e of he ®eld of mi ed in ege linea andnonlinea p og ammingcan al o be e pec ed.
. Componen
To ge an o e ie , hich me hod can deal i h hich componen , i i di ing i hed be een fo g o p of componen . The ® one a eho ehold appliance hich ha e a ® ed load p o®le. Onl he a ing poin i ¯e ible. The e appliance co ld be di h a he , a hing machine , d e e c. The econd g o p de c ibe he mic load like hea ing and ai condi ioning (HVAC). The a e cha ac e i ed b he goal o each o o hold a ce ain empe a e. In doing o, ene g i needed in mo e o le c clic e m . The hi d g o p of con me a eelec ic ehicle o pl g±in elec ic ehicle . In he cha ging p oce a ce ain amo n of ene g i needed. The elec ical po e can a i hin ce ain bo nd . F he componen , hich can op ionall be con ide ed, a e ola plan . The ene g p od c ion of he e i no con ollable, b i can be incl ded in he con ain of
he op imi a ion p oblem.
.4 Da a Ba i
In o de o compa e he e l of he a icle , i i impo an o ha e a look in o he da a e ed fo e al a ion. Th i i e ie ed, if he a eempi icall ob ainedo a i®ciall c ea ed.
4 Re l
4.1 Cla i®ca ion in he Concep Ma i
The ke o d-ba ed ea ch lead o 598 a icle 5. A h ge amo n of a icle co ld be o ed o b eading he i le and ab ac . The e e e fo e ample a icle abo he manage- men of o age , abo DSM in comme cial and ind ial con e o abo he inf a c- e i ho an op imi a ion me hod. The emaining 55 a icle ha e been e al a ed b eading he hole a icle ca ef ll . The eb , 48 a icle ha e been iden i®ed a ele an and ha e been ca ego i ed ia he concep ma i ( . able 1). The e al a ion i done ep-
i e fo each f ame o k. A compa i on of he e al a ion done in he pape i p e en ed in he ne bchap e . I i follo ed b he concl ion and limi a ion .
5The ea ch a cond c ed be een hand 8hDecembe 14
Fo 5 a icle , i ha no been po ible o o gani e he f ll e ion. The e ha e been ca ego i ed b eading he ab ac . The a e ma ked i h a *.
F ame o k Me hod Componen Da a
Refeence cenalied decenalied aonomo DnamicP. diibed geneic ochaic linea nonlinea ohe appliance HVAC olaplan (PH)EV empiical ai®cial
[ASHK1 ] X X X X
[Al1 ] X X X X
[Al1 ] X X X X
[DA1 ] X X X X
[A 1 ] X X X X
[AYK14] X X
[Ba14] X X X X
[BF1 ] X X X X
[BLH1 ] X X X X
[BN14] X X X X
[CC11] X X X X X
[Ch1 ] X X X X
[Co14] X X X
[CYN14] X X X X X X
[D 1 ] X X X X X
[Fe1 ] X X X X X X
[FG1 ] X X X X X
[HMN1 ] X X X X
[H 14] X X X X
[Ji11] X X X X X X
[KG11] X X X X
[Li14a]* X X X
[K 1 ] X X X X
[LF14] X X X X X
[Li14b] X X X X
[LP1 ] X X X X
[LPK1 ] X X X X
[Ma14a] X X X X X
[Ma1 ] X X X
[Ma14b]* X X X X X
[Me1 ] X X X X X
[MH14] X X X X
[MHC1 ] X X X
[MM1 ] X X X X X X
[Mi11] X X X X X
[Pe1 ] X X X X X
[RZ15]* X X X X
[Sa1 ] X X X X
F ame o k Me hod Componen Da a
Refeence cenalied decenalied aonomo DnamicP. diibed geneic ochaic linea nonlinea ohe appliance HVAC olaplan (PH)EV empiical ai®cial
[SLG14] X X X X
[SX dS14] X X X X
[S 15]* X X X
[Ta1 ]* X X X X
[DVF1 ] X X X X
[Ve14] X X X
[YTN1 ] X X X
[Za1 ] X X X X
[ZBG1 ]* X X X X
[Zh1 ] X X X X X
S mme 11 1 5 9 8 9 8 1 11 4 1
Tab. 1: Concep Ma a gemen ed i h efe ence 4. E al a ion of Concep Ma i
A onomo DSM fo one Indi id al Ho ehold
A la ge p opo ion ( 5 of 48) of he a icle deal i h a onomo DSM fo indi id al ho ehold . The eb , gene ic algo i hm , ocha ic op imi a ion and linea p og amming a e each p opo ed b % of he a icle . F he me hod a e p i algo i hm ([Al1 ], [Ma1 ]), M l i-Objec i e-P og amming [BN14], F Cl e ing [Pe1 ], combina o ial ma hema ic [Al1 ] and D namic P og amming [KG11].
Si a icle con ide he mic load , hich inc ea e he comple i of he op imi a ion p oblem. In [Ma14b] and [Mi11] he e load a e modeled b non-linea con ain . [Ji11]
e a ocha ic diffe en ial eq a ion and op imi e he e pec ed al e. In [A 1 ], a he - mal ene ge ic b ilding im la ion i ed o gene a e aining da a fo a ne al ne o k. I lea n o keep he empe a e. Th ee a icle [CC11], [LF14], [Mi11] op imi e he cap i e
e of ola plan on he oof op. The eb , [LF14] ake he nce ain ie in ppl and gene a ion in o acco n b ing con®dence in e al .
Decen ali ed O gani ed DSM
Decen ali ed o gani ed DSM i e amined b 1 a icle . The eb , eigh a icle a e b il p on he model of Moh enian-Rad e al. [MR1 ], in hich di ib ed agen ®nd he niq e Na h-eq ilib i m b ing be - e pon e-algo i hm . The eq ilib i m i eq i a- len o he global ol ion of he op imi a ion p oblem, if ce ain condi ion a e me . In [Ma14a] and [SLG14] he model i e ended b in eg a ing ene g o age . [Sa1 ] adap
he model fo Real-Time-P icing in ead of de e mined co f nc ion . In hi a icle and
in [Ch1 ] he i e a ion of he di ib ed algo i hm a e no pe fo med eq en iall , b i- m l aneo l in o de o peed p he calc la ion ime. The app oach of [CYN14] i ba ed on game- heo e ical con ide a ion a ell. To g a an ee he con e gence of he algo i hm, a penal e m i ed fo change of he ched ling plan. [BLH1 ] e end he model b adap ing he con ain fo EV and b con ide ing ph ical con ain of he ene g g id.
The p oblem of no kno ing he con aining pa ame e of he op imi a ion p oblem 4h in ad ance i add e ed in [FG1 ]. The efo e, andom a iable a e ed. In [MM1 ] i i p o en, ha hei p opo ed algo i hm, hich e a di i ion of he op imi a ion p oblem, i h ee ime fa e han a cen ali ed app oach.
In [HMN1 ] p io i ie a e a igned o he load . The op imi a ion p oblem i hen ol ed b a di ib ed algo i hm. [Ve14] model he op imi a ion p oblem i h Ma ko p o- ce e and h he model can handle nce ain ie . In [D 1 ] einfo cemen lea ning i
ed o o gani e he cha ging p oce of EV .
The mic load a e onl modeled b [K 1 ] in con a o elec ic ehicle , hich a e con ide ed in he con ain b 9 of 1 a icle .
Cen ali ed O gani ed DSM
In he e ie p oce 11 a icle a e iden i®ed, hich a ign he managemen of e iden ial load o one cen al coo dina ion poin hich coo dina e mo e han one ho ehold. Fo a icle ([BF1 ], [Me1 ], [MH14], [Fe1 ]) appl nonlinea p og amming o ol e he e-
l ing comple op imi a ion p oblem. Th ee a icle fa o gene ic algo i hm like [Zh1 ], [Ta1 ], [ZBG1 ]. In [Za1 ], he e i a cen al agen , hich calc la e he load hif ing b a f Ma ko game and im la ed annealing. The ac ion of he con me a e cap ed b Q-Lea ning. In [SX dS14] he op imi a ion p oblem i modeled a game, in hich a cen al node calc la e he be ac ion fo he o he node , hich ep e en appliance . [DVF1 ] op imi e HVAC em i h he ched ling algo i hm Ea lie Deadline Fi . Half of he me hod concen a e on (PH)EV . To op imi e he cha ging p oce [Zh1 ] e a gene ic algo i hm, in [Ta1 ] he op imi a ion e an E ima ion Di ib ion Algo- i hm. [BF1 ] p p a q ad a ic op imi a ion p oblem in hich he i e of he ba e , he loading capaci and he c en ene g p ice a e con ide ed. The e al a ion i pe - fo med on he Na ional Ho ehold T a el S e (NHTS). [MH14] de elop an online applica ion hich coo dina e he cha ging p oce of elec ic ehicle .
D namic P icing
D namic P icing i an impo an a pec fo DSM a man app oache eac on p ice incen- i e . Va iable ene g a iff a e of en pa of he con ain fo he op imi a ion p oblem.
Ne e hele , i i all e amined in la ge con e and doe no foc on indi id al e - iden ial ho ehold . F he mo e, ome pape ma be no fo nd b he ke o d- ea ch a he e m ma ke i e cl ded. A a e l he e a e onl h ee a icle abo he de ign of d namic ene g p ice fo nd in he elec ion.
In [YTN1 ] he ched ling a k i modelled a non-coope a i e game. A ming ha con- me choo e he ac ion, hich i mo p o® able fo hem, he ene g p ice a e cal-
c la ed hich lead o he mo balanced load di ib ion. In [AYK14] he ene g p ice a e de e mined one ho ahead b looking in o he p edic ed load and he p obabili of con me eac ing on p ice change . [Al1 ] p opo e a a iff hich doe no onl change in ime, b con ide he ma imal demand of he da in he billing p oce . In doing o, ne load peak a eac ion o lo p ice can be a oided.
I i no peci®ed, hich defe able load a e modeled in he e app oache a i i he choice of he con me . Ne e hele , conce ning a im la ion i o ld be impo an o model a eali ic cena io.
4. Compa i on of he E al a ion and Da a Se
Nea l all (41 of 48) a icle p o ide im la ion e l o hei app oache . Abo % of he a icle gene a e a i®cial da a e . Fo e ample [SX dS14] e anda d load p o®le o im la e he load di ib ion fo en ho ehold . The eb , 4 % of he load i a med o be ¯e ible. In [Sa1 ] he demand of 5 ho ehold i modeled i h a andom di ib ion and i i a med, ha 5 % of he load a e ¯e ible. In [Ve14] he cha ging p oce e of EV a ho ehold a e modeled. The eb , diffe en pe cen age (15%, %, 45%) of ¯e ible ho ehold a e e ed. The con ain a e modelled b Ga ian di ib ion . In [LP1 ], [CC11] and [Ji11], he im la ion onl incl de defe able load . In [LP1 ], he e load a e modeled i h an in¯e ible load p o®le, hich i im la ed b a andom di ib ion. In [CC11], a di h a he , a a hing machine and a d e a e modelled in de ail. Simila app oache ha e been ed fo he o he a icle i h a a i®ciall gene a ed da a e .
Si a icle efe o empi icall eco ded da a e : In [D 1 ] he I i h Sma Me e ing Da a f om he Commi ion fo Ene g Reg la ion ([CE15] i ed o im la e an op i- mal cha ging managemen of nine EV connec ed o nine ho ehold . The e al a ion of [Ba14] al o de i e he con aining pa ame e b ing Sma Me e ing Da a. I e he Ol mpic Penin la Demon a ion Te bed [Ch1 ]. [BN14] applie he eal ene g p ice
hich e e cha ged in Long I land of Ne Yo k 1 [Ne1 ] o im la e he op imal age of h ee ho ehold appliance (di h a he , a hing machine and d e ). A imila e al a ion me hod i ed in [K 1 ]. The efo e, he o al con mp ion of he Uni e i of So he n Califo nia a ell a he con mp ion of ingle appliance like he HVAC, ligh and lap op e e mea ed. Ba ed on hi , load hif ing co ld hen be im la ed fo a ela i el eali ic cena io. [BF1 ] look in o he cha ging managemen of EV and e he U.S. Na ional Ho ehold T a el S e Da a e [ ] o im la e age pa e n . Fo [Co14] a ®eld ial a ca ied o , in hich 1 ho ehold ook pa in. The e peci-
®ed, in hich ime f ame he o ld like o do hei la nd e en da ahead. A cen al node calc la ed he op imal a ing poin and info med he e ia SMS.
The goal of he p e en ed app oache i o ed ce peak in con mp ion o o adap he con mp ion in acco dance o a co f nc ion. The eb , a co ed c ion of abo ± 5%
i achie ed. Ho e e , he e l a e no compa able a diffe en a mp ion a e made.
Thi no onl incl de he co f nc ion b al o he nce ain of he fo eca ed load ,
he n mbe of pda e ed fo one da , he modeling of he con aining pa ame e and he pe cen age a e of ¯e ible load in he o al con mp ion.
4.4 Concl ion
Pa ic la empha i of he e ea ch done o fa i placed on a onomo DSM. The ap- p oach bene® f om independence o o he ho ehold . The op imi a ion p oblem i lim- i ed o a manageable amo n of appliance , hich a e pa iall modeled in de ail. The e a e a io op imi a ion me hod hich can cope i h hi kind of p oblem . The com- m nica ion inf a c e can be ela i el imple a in mo ca e he onl info ma ion hich ha o be comm nica ed a e he ene g a iff fo he ne 4 ho . Ho e e , he independence o o he ho ehold ha i d a back . U all , he be ol ion fo a lo- cal ne o k load canno be eached hi a . Decen ali ed DSM p i hi and allo nego ia ion of e e al ho ehold . B doing hi , he n mbe of deg ee of f eedom i in- c ea ed and he pa ame e a e connec ed o each o he , o ha a gene a ion of ne peak can be a oided. Unde ce ain condi ion , a global op im m can be eached ha a a [MR1 ] p o e b appl ing game- heo e ical heo em . Mo of he e ea ch fo nd fo decen ali ed DSM elie on he model of [MR1 ] and ie o enhance he app oach in ce ain a pec .
Gi en ha all con aining pa ame e a e kno n, a cen all o gani ed DSM can ®nd o he op imal ol ion. Fo e ample, in [Me1 ] a cen ali ed a eg fo cha ging EV i compa ed o a local one, in hich a cha ging p oce i con olled b he ma home man- agemen of one indi id al ho ehold. The eb , he decen ali ed a eg eache ligh l be e e l , b i al o eq i e a mo e comple comm nica ion inf a c e. The need of a m l i-di ec ional comm nica ion inf a c e i a d a back fo all app oach of DSM hich incl de mo e han one ho ehold. Addi ionall , q e ion of da a p o ec ion n p a en i i e da a i e changed be een he diffe en pa icipan . Thi migh be he ea on h 5 of 1 a icle dealing i h he op imi a ion of EV cha ging concen a e on p b- lic a ion . In hi con e , he q e ion of da a p i ac i no a c i ical a in he p i a e con e .
In he e al a ion of he me hod p opo ed in he a icle , c cial ho -coming a e e- ealed. The da a e ed fo he e al a ion a e of en ba ed on highl impli®ed a -
mp ion and can he efo e onl be ed fo fea ibili e of he algo i hm . To ca o cien i®c benchma king p blicl a ailable da a e a e needed hich a e mea ed empi icall and in hich defe able load a e ma ked. F he mo e, i o ld be ef l o kno ho long in ad ance he defe able load a e epo ed.
Be ide eal da a e ed fo e al a ion in [D 1 ] and [Ba14], da a e of Non-In i e- Appliance-Load-Moni o ing (NIALM) can be ecommended. The e i fo e ample he AMPd da a e ([Ma1 ]) in hich he demand of each componen i a ed indi id all .
4.5 Limi a ion
The ke o d ea ch canno g a an ee ha all a icle ela ed o DSM in e iden ial con e a e fo nd. To he con a , ome ele an a icle a e mi ing fo e. Ho e e , he p e en li e a e e ie gi e a comp ehen i e o e ie of he me hod and algo i hm ed in
he e iden ial con e of DSM. In addi ion o ha , ho -coming and open q e ion a e poin ed o .
5 S mma and O look
The li e a e e ie clea l ho ha he implemen a ion of DSM in a e iden ial con e i a c en e ea ch opic in hich a io diffe en app oache a e e ed. B ca ego i ing
he a icle fo DSM in diffe en dimen ion , i can be een hich app oache o k fo hich f ame o k , fo hich componen and i h hich op imi a ion algo i hm . The anal i of he e al a ion done in he a icle e eal a lack of empi icall mea ed and p blicl a ailable da a e and an ag eemen on e o mea e o compa e he pe fo mance of he algo i hm .
Some a icle ake p he fac , ha he inp pa ame e of he a med demand can onl be andom a iable . I eem ha f he e ea ch i needed o cope i h hi fac . Ad- di ionall , i i no f ll modelled e , ha defe able load a e no kno n 4h ahead, b onl epo ed d ing he da . Th , he e i a e ea ch gap conce ning he e plici con-
ide a ion of nce ain ie and a con in o l adap a ion of he demand ched ling d ing he da .
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