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GC21File No. 538-00 -7728-3IBM System/3S
IBM System/3S
Introduction
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File No. S38-00- - - -
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I 8M System/3S
IBM System/3S
Introduction
Fourth Edition (July 1981)
This is a major revision of, and obsoletes, GC21-7728-2. This edition applies to release 3, modification 0 of the IBM System/38 CPF (Program 5714-551), RPG III (Program 5714-RG1), COBOL (Program 5714-CB1), IOU (Program 5714-UT1), Conversion Reformat Utility (Program 5714-CV2), System/3 Batch Conversion Utilities (Program 5714-CV1), IBM System/3 CCP to System/38 Conversion Aid (Program 5714-CV7), IBM System/34 to System/38 Conversion Aid (Program 5714-CV5), and to all subsequent releases until otherwise indicated in new editions or technical newsletters. Additions include release 3 announcement information on:
IBM System/38 Model 4
One to four 3370s on System/38 Models 4 and 5 IBM System/34 to System/38 Conversion Aid Binary Synchronous Communications
Power Failure Detection Feature 5224 Printer
5225 Printer
The functions and capabilities this publication describes reflect the latest
information available, but this information may be subject to minor changes before release 3 of the IBM System/38 is available. Subsequent editions of this
publication will reflect any changes.
In device operations, the nominal or rated throughputs represented in this publication may not be achieved in an actual customer environment when used with the customer's control program/application load.
Use this publication only for the purposes stated in the Preface.
Publications are not stocked at the address below. Requests for copies of IBM publications and for technical information about the system should be made to your IBM representative or to the branch office serving your locality.
This publication could contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Use
The purpose of this publication is to help the reader who has a basic knowledge of data processing understand the System/38 (a new general purpose system) and its capabilities.
The manual summarizes what the IBM System/38 is and how it can be used to meet an organization's data processing needs.
This introduction presents:
• A summary of the System/38 design, and highlights of its major functions.
• ,A fundamental description of System/38 data processing concepts, in terms of the System/38 program products and machine.
• A description of the system configurations and the machine characteristics.
• A description of the compatibility that exists between System/38 and System/3.
Note: This publication follows the convention that he means he or she.
Preface
Related Publications
The IBM System/38 Guide to Publications, GC21-7726, contains the titles and reading sequence of related publications.
List of Abbreviations CICS
EIA/CCITT
Customer Information Control System Electronics Industries
Association / Consultative Committee HDX
IMPL IMS LU
on International Telegraphy and Telephony Half duplex
Initial microprogram load
Information management system Logical unit
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules require IBM to publish the following information, which applies to each unit (including modems and terminals) described in this manual (hereafter called equipment).
WARNING: This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manuals, may cause interference to radio communications. It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference, in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take" whatever measures may be required to correct the interference.
Instructions Pursuant to FCC Part 15, Subpart J
1. This equipment should not be installed less than 30 meters (98.5 feet) from radio or television receivers or their receiving antennas.
2. This equipment should not receive its power from branch circuits that also power radio or television receivers.
If this equipment cannot comply with the above distance limitation:
1. Turn the equipment and the receiver on. If no interference is apparent, no further action need be taken.
2. If interference occurs, reorient or relocate the equipment, the receiver, or both.
3. If interference still occurs, contact your IBM representative.
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO IBM SYSTEM/38 . Program Products . . . .
Control Program Facility (CPF) RPG III . . . . COBOL ANS 74 . . . . Interactive Data Base Utilities (IOU) System/3 Batch Conversion Utilities Communications Control Program (CCP)
Conversion Aid . . . . Conversion Reformat Utility . . . . . IBM System/34 to System/38 Conversion
Aid Licened Program (5714-CV5) Machine . . . .
System Unit . . . . Input/Output Devices
CHAPTER 2. SYSTEM/38 PROGRAM PRODUCTS Control Program Facility (CPF)
User Interfaces. . . . Control Language Programs Batch Job Streams . Object Management Managing Work
Data Description Specifications (DDS) Data Base Data Management Device Data Management Programmer Services . . Testing and Debugging . System Operator Services System Services
RPG III . . . . " . . . . COBOL ANS 74. . . .
Extensions Supporting Data Base and Work Station Processing. . . .
Programmer Services . . . . . Interactive Data Base Utilities (IOU)
Source Entry Utility (SEU) Data File Utility (DFU) . . . . . Query Utility . . . . Screen Design Aid Utility (SDA) Conversion Reformat Utility. . . . CHAPTER 3. MACHINE SUMMARY System Unit . . . .
High-Level Machine Interface Processing Unit
Storage Management . . . . Virtual Address Translator . . Internal Input/Output Channel Main Storage . . . . Time-of- Day Clock . . . . . Automatic Initial Microprogram Load Power Keylock . . . . Power Warning Feature . . . . Audible Alarm and Attention Indicator .
1-1 1-3 1-3 1-7 1-8 1-9 1-10 1-10 1-10 1-10 1-11 1-11 1-12
2-1 2-2 2-4 2-11 2-12 2-12 2-14 2-19 2-22 2-27 2-31 2-32 2-35 2-36 2-40 2-46 2-48 2-49 2-51 2-51 2-52 2-53 2-53 2-54 3-1 3-3 3-3 3-4 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-7 3-7 3-7 3-7 3-8 3-8
System Console. . . . System Console Display Screen System Console Keyboard . . .
System Console Operator / Service Panel . Auxiliary Storage . . . .
System Unit Data Storage Function 3370 Direct Access Storage Device Diskette Magazine Drive
Printers 5211 Printer 3262 Printer 3203 Printer Card Device
5424 Multi-Function Card Unit Magnetic Tape Device . . . . .
3410/3411 Magnetic Tape Subsystem Communications . . . .
Work Station Controllers Communications Attachment
Contents
3-8 3-9 3-10 3-11 3-13 3-13 3-14 3-15 3-17 3-20 3-21 3-22 3-23 3-23 3-24 3-24 3-25 3-26 3-29 CHAPTER 4. COMPATIBILITY/CONVERSION . . . Compatibility with System/3 . .
4-1 4-1 4-2 4-6 4-7 Conversion from System/3 Batch
Conversion from System /3 CCP Conversion from System/34
GLOSSARY. G-1
INDEX . . . X-1
Expansion Enclosure
Diskette
Ai~~;~:';n'
System Consoleboard/Display Screen
Printer
• 5211 (Prints up to 300 Ipm)
• 3262 (Prints up to 650 Ipm)
• 3203 (Prints up to 1200 Ipm) (Up to two printers can be attached)
• 5225 (Prints up to 560 Ipm)
Communications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ --J
• Work Station Controller (Local) (Up to 80 work stations)
- 5250 Information Display System
• Communications Attachment (Remote) (Up to 8 lines)
- Integrated Modems - DDSA
- Auto Call (U.S.) - EIA/CCITT
- SDLC Communications Control 5250 Information Display System Secondary to System/370 - BSC Communications Control
Series/1 5280 System/3 5110/5120 System/32 3741 System/34 5230 System/38 5260 System/370
• 5381 Processing Unit (Model 3)
(Model 4) (Model 5)
• Main Storage
512 - 1536 K (Model 3) 512 - 2048 K (Models 4 and 5)
• Auxiliary Storage
64.5 -129 MB (Base Enclosure)
3370 Direct Access Storage Device
(Not available on System/38 Model 3)
64.5 - 258 MB (Expansion Enclosure) 571.3 - 2285.2 MB (1-4 3370s)
(Maximum auxiliary storage is 2672.2 MB) Card Input/Output _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ---1
• 5424 Multi-Function Card Unit (Reads up to 500 cpm)
(Punches up to 120 cpm) (Prints up to 120 cpm)
Magnetic Tape Input/Output _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ...J
.3410/3411 Magnetic Tape Subsystem
Chapter 1. Introduction to IBM System/38
IBM System/38 is a general-purpose, data processing system. System design greatly reduces the effort usually needed to develop, maintain, and enhance applications for interactive work stations in an integrated data management system.
The system provides 512 K to 2048 K bytes of main storage, 64.5 to 2672.2 megabytes of nonremovable auxiliary (disk) storage, a diskette magazine drive, and a system console with keyboard and display. A multi-function 96-column card reader/punch and up to two system printers, which operate at rates up to 1200 lines per minute, can be attached. The system supports direct
attachment of up to 80 local 5250 work stations (displays and printers) and, through teleprocessing lines, a large number of remotely attached work stations. Two communications attachments provide system control for the direct attachment of up to eight remote communications lines. Either BSe or SOLe line protocol can be operator-selected for use on each line. The 5250 devices require SOLe protocol.
You can place the work stations where they are needed in your organization (in the offices, departments, plants, and warehouses) so that your personnel can share a common data base and the processing power of a computer. Online, realtime work stations let your workers share programs, data files, and system resources without significant delays to any user. Also, System/38 lets them access data records by more than one key ordering path. For example, they can access inventory item records by item stock number while someone else is accessing these same records by vendor number.
System/38 support lets you maintain up-to-the-minute business data that you can make available to any work station user. Having information that is current, accurate, and quickly available to key personnel can greatly improve the efficiency of your organization.
On most current systems, the unique functions required by the work station applications have either been added onto the existing batch programming system or they are programmed by the user in the application programs. In contrast, System/38 was developed specifically for the work station
. environment. The function needed to support the work stations, such as data base management, has been designed into the system. Major advances in the level of system function, and the ease of use of that function, let you develop work station applications in less time than is needed for traditional systems.
System/38 supports a wide range of environments-from one consisting almost entirely of batch processing to one that makes extensive use of work station applications. System/38 lets you make easy transitions through this range of environments while making optimum use of system resources. In general, installations that make full use of work stations still require the execution of a considerable amount of batch work. Therefore, System/38 manages a mixture of batch and interactive work, providing both fast response to work station user requests and good throughput for batch jobs.
To develop System/38, IBM first determined what functions were required.
Then IBM determined which parts of these functions should be performed by the control program and which parts should be performed by the machine.
Next we designed a machine with a functionally high-level interface
(Figure 1-1). The machine does much more than just add, subtract, move data, and execute input/output operations. The machine performs complete
functions, such as finding a file or program in system storage, locating a record in a file through a key, initiating a new process, mani·pulating queues, and allocating storage.
This high-level machine interface ensures compatibility between the Control Program Facility and programs implemented on every model of the machine.
Also, new functions and performance improvements can be added to the machine because of its extendable design, without impacting the Control Program Facility or your application programs. New devices can be added to the system without reprogramming.
In summary, System/38 provides you with an improved level of productivity, ease of use, data integrity, functional capability, reliability, and nondisruptive growth in applications.
Applications
Language Compilers and Utilities
Control Program Facility
High-Level~
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Machine Interface
Machine
PROGRAM PRODUCTS
The program products developed for System /38 include:
• Control Program Facility
• RPG III
• COBOL
• Interactive Data Base Utilities (IDU) Source Entry Utility (SEU) Data File Utility (DFU) - Query Utility
Screen Design Aid Utility (SDA)
• System/3 Batch Conversion Utilities
• IBM System/3 Communications Control Program (CCP) to System/38 Conversion Aid
• Conversion Reformat Utility
• IBM System/34 to System/38 Conversion Aid
Control Program Facility (CPF)
The Control Program Facility is the licensed system support program for System/38. Its many integrated functions help satisfy the total installation requirements for a multiprogrammed, batch, and online interactive system.
Some of the major new functions that make System/38 easy to use and highly productive are:
Data base management that provides multiple immediately-maintained access paths. These paths can be shared concurrently by multiple users and by programs that perform read, update, add, and delete record operations. These functions are directly supported in RPG III and COBOL. The Control Program Facility also lets RPG III and COBOL process generic groups of records (for example, in an order entry application, access an order header record by key and then read the line item records sequentially). You do not need to sort or rearrange data for use in application programs.
Capability to design and code any application as if there will only be a single user of the application. All of your application programs can be designed and coded as if there will only be a single user of the program at a time. There are no special programming considerations required for multiple users. However, any number of work station users can execute the program at the same time.
Although you should be aware of resource-sharing considerations, the system minimizes this application development requirement. You never need to specify the number of users. The concept just described is called the multiple logical copy concept, because even though there is only one copy of the program in main storage, that copy is used as if multiple copies were stored.
Work station data management. These functions let you define display screen formats outside the program and easily perform interactive functions with a minimal amount of coding. RPG III and COBOL use the Control Program Facility to take advantage of these functions. Data description specifications (DDS) define display screen formats to the Control Program Facility.
A control language. The control language (CL) is the set of all commands with which you request functions. CL consists of commands that have consistent, easy-to-Iearn names and syntax. Displayed prompts help you specify command parameters.
Control language commands can be used in two ways:
1. They can be used alone to request specific system functions.
2. They can be written in sequence and compiled into a control language program that tailors your system to the exact requirements of an application. Within CL programs, individual commands can be used to:
Control logic
Establish and modify variables Manipulate data
- Write data to work stations Read data from work stations - Control arithmetic functions
The control language, therefore, gives you a simple way to control the system and provides much more control over the system than is provided by traditional systems.
Command entry interface. A command entry interface lets you enter control language commands, interactively, from any work station. If you need help while you use these commands, you can request command prompting, which provides formatted display screens that identify the parameters, their default values, and all the values that the system will accept.
A multi-user system. All system functions are available at all work stations through the control language. The system lets all work station users perform system functions concurrently as if each were the only system user. For example, several programmers can all be entering source programs and can be compiling programs at the same time. Also at the same time, batch and interactive applications can be executing. To each of these users, it appears as if he has the full use of the system for himself.
Externally described data. The programmer can describe each data field in data base records, in display records, and in printer records. On traditional systems, the data fields are described in the application programs. With System/38's external data description, the field definitions are contained and maintained in the database. This function eliminates the requirement to define the data fields in each program, provides more consistent definitions, reduces the data
Online program development functions. These functions let you easily:
• Enter and update source statements online
• Invoke the RPG III and COBOL compilers
• Compile control language programs
• View the results of compilation
• Protect data files while testing programs
• Debug the programs, using the debug function
Work management functions. These functions make it easier to control all forms of work on the system. This work can range from simple command execution to (1) batch job scheduling and execution or (2) interactive job control from work station sign-on to sign-off. Batch jobs may be submitted either from a conventional batch job stream or by a work station user. Once a work station user submits a batch job, he need not wait for its completion before continuing with other tasks. All batch work is queued for execution by the system, which schedules all work for throughput efficiency.
Spooling functions. System/38 spooling functions provide enhanced input and output operations. All job input from diskette, card, or the data base can be spooled (written to auxiliary storage) and queued for execution by the system.
A great deal of flexibility in how the_system selects these jobs for execution is provided to the user.
The spooling function (which sends the output of a job destined for the printer, diskette, or card punch to auxiliary storage) breaks·the traditional job-execution limitation imposed by the availability or speed of the output devices. Spooling is especially important in the multiprogramming or multi-user environment where the number of jobs executing usually exceeds the number of available output devices. With output spooling, the output can easily be redirected from one device to another. For example, rather than being printed on a work station printer, the output can be redirected to the system printer.
Security functions. Because security functions are increasingly important in a work station environment, System/38 lets you protect data and other system resources so that unauthorized persons do not have access to them.
You can specify the level of security desired. The security level can range from a minimal level (in which you take all defaults and merely protect files from inadvertent destruction) to a secure system.
The security function also lets one individual (such as the DP manager) define a personal user profile for each system user. This profile (1) uniquely identifies that user to the system, (2) requires the use of his own password, and (3) lets you give him access to certain files and programs.
Application development aids. System/38 lets you store (in the data base) a detailed description of each file, record, and field. Thereafter, you never need to describe the same item again. As necessary, you can print or display the descriptions as a current level of documentation. Another application aid, file reference, provides extensive information about the use of your programs, files, record formats, and fields.
Service functions. Your service representative can usually check input and output devices and diagnose system problems while you are using the system.
This is an improvement over many traditional systems.
Message handling functions. System/38 messages are used extensively for:
• Error notification
• Logging activity
• Machine/operator communication
• Sending and receiving messages To and from the system operator Between work station users To and from user message queues To and from program message queues
System/38 first-level and second-level messages report errors. The first level shows you a brief description of the error condition. If you need more information, you can request the second-level message, which further describes the error and gives corrective information. Therefore,. System/38 greatly reduces your need to look up error information in message manuals.
Message handling lets you develop work station applications that require data queuing facilities. For example, the entry of an order requires examination for credit approval by someone in the credit department. The order (the order number) can be held in a message queue for processing by an interactive application that is executed by someone in the credit department. Additional items may be added to the queue from several work stations while existing items in the queue are being processed.
System/38 lets you either print or display any message, any range of messages, or any message file.
RPG III
RPG III includes many new language functions, such as:
Externally described data. Externally described data reduces coding and field definition effort, and lets you add new applications quickly.
Full procedural file specification. This function lets you process the same file in both a random manner and a sequential manner in the same program. This file specification lets you develop many common applications with greater ease.
File operation codes that do not use the RPG III cycle. RPG III file operation codes allow such functions as open, close, read, write, and update operations to the data base. Also, special work station input and output operations can be specified directly in the calculation logic. These operation codes provide a more straightforward approach to interactive applications and an alternative for complex batch programs.
Separately compiled subprograms. System/38 lets any separately compiled RPG III program call another program and be called by other programs, along with the passing of parameters. These programs can be written either in RPG III, COBOL, or control language. There is no requirement to combine these programs in any manner (such as a link-edit operation) prior to execution.
New logic control operations. RPG III provides new logic control operations, such as various forms of the DO and the I F operations.
Data structures. RPG III lets you manipulate related data either.as individual data fields or as a group.
COBOL ANS 74
System/38 COBOL is designed according to the specifications of ANS COBOL X3.23-1974 and December 1975 Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS PUB 21-1), Low-Intermediate. It contains significant ANS 1974 Level 2 function, extensions for data base and work station support, and enhanced programmer services.
Data base and work station processing extensions include:
• Externally defined data and display device descriptions
• Data base file extensions
• Subfile extensions
• Work station extensions
• Local and remote work station transparency Programmer services include:
• Enhanced documentation
• Batch and interactive syntax checking
Interactive Data Base Utilities (lDU)
The System/38 Interactive Data Base Utilities are a set of utilities that use the data base to support interactive definition and execution of the following functions:
• Creating and maintaining program language and data description source files.
• Entering, displaying, and maintaining data files.
• Extracting, summarizing, and presenting ·information from data files.
• Creating and maintaining record formats and menus.
• Entering, maintaining, and displaying device files.
Source entry utility (SEU). SEU helps you enter and maintain source data. For example, source statements for programs (RPG III, COBOL, and control language) and data description specifications can be entered from a work station through SEU. SEU provides the following programmer aids: prompting, format control, automatic statement sequencing, syntax checking, and the ability to view several statements of a program while working with an individual statement.
Data file utility (DFU). DFU lets you quickly define data-entry, inquiry, and file maintenance applications without writing a program. On previous systems, if you wanted to define a data file utility application, you had to describe each of the data fields (such as item number, description, quantity on hand) to which data was to be entered, displayed, or changed. However, with the System/38 Data File Utility, this application definition is greatly simplified because the data fields to be used by that application have been previously described in the data base. Therefore, you merely name the file to be used. In addition, prompting support gives you several display formatting and error checking options.
Query utility. The query utility lets you interactively specify criteria for the extraction, summarization, and presentation of information from the data base.
For example, you can easily generate a table presenting dollar sales and percent of total sales by product group and sales territory. Consequently, many applications that usually require considerable effort to program, using a
high-level language such as COBOL or RPG III, can be quickly and easily specified with the use of the query utility. You can have the answer to your query displayed, printed, or both.
Screen design aid (SDA). SDA lets you interactively design, create, maintain, and test display formats and menus that are to be incorporated into your applications. SDA generates data description specifications (DDS) for the displays and menus you design, and also generates the CL program source code needed to support your menus. Additionally, SDA compiles the menu CL programs and creates the display device files.
System/3 Batch Conversion Utilities
The System/3 Batch Conversion Utilities for System/38 help System/3 users convert RPG II programs, operational control language, and data files to System/38. The use of these utilities shortens the time required to convert from one system to another. The System/3 Batch Conversion Utilities let the user do much of the conversion on his System/3. Therefore, he can
accomplish the actual move to System/38 quickly and minimize the disruption , of his data processing operation.
Communications Control Program '(CCP) Conversion Aid
The CCP Conversion Aid is the group of System/3 programs and procedures that aid in converting System/3 CCP applications written in RPG and using
DFF to describe 3270 display files to System/38 applications. This aid lets System/3 users do a large part of the conversion on the System/3 before the System/38 arrives.
The use of this aid removes many time-consuming tasks, leaving more time for you to concentrate on new applications to take advantage of the System/38 capabilities.
Conversion Reformat Utility
The Conversion Reformat Utility duplicates all functions of the System/3 Sort Utility, except summary sort and magnetic tape input and output. The
System/38 Conversion Reformat Utility creates a record address file or a reformatted physical file. In addition, the Conversion Reformat Utility uses System/3 sort specifications. Although most sort requirements can be satisfied by the use of access paths on System/38, the Conversion Reformat Utility more closely duplicates the System/3 Sort Utility and gives you a quicker conversion from System/3.
IBM System/34 to System/3S Conversion Aid Licensed Program
The System/34 to System/38 Conversion Aid helps you migrate from a System/34 to a System/38. Executing on a System/34 and a System/38, this aid converts System/34 RPG source code, OCl, displays, sorts, and menus into code that can be processed on a System/38. This aid automates many repetitive, time-consuming tasks, letting you devote more time to new application development.
MACHINE
System Unit
The IBM 5381 System Unit is the major unit in the System/38. It is compact and has relatively low energy requirements for power and cooling. The 5381 contains:
• System/38's processing unit and main storage
• A system console with keyboard, operator/service panel, and display screen
• A diskette magazine drive
• Auxiliary disk storage
• A work station controller
• Space to house special features like the various I/O attachment features The processing unit is the control center of the system. It fetches and stores data, performs the arithmetic and logical processing of data, executes instructions, and controls data flow between main storage and input/ output devices.
The processing unit offers from 512 K to 2048 K bytes of main storage. The auxiliary disk storage holds between 64.5 megabytes (standard) and 387 megabytes. Separate fixed-disk storage, the 3370 Direct Access Storage Device (available on Models 4 and 5 only), offers additional disk storage from 571 to 2285 megabytes (one to four units). The maximum auxiliary disk storage on System/38 is 2672 megabytes. The auxiliary disk storage uses IBM nonremovable, sealed, direct access storage assemblies. Advances in this type of storage improve price/performance levels, and improve efficiency and security because there are no disk packs or data modules to mount or remove.
Because the system unit has few mechanical parts, has error
detection/correction in key areas, and has high-reliability electronics, System/38 has few errors.
System/38 uses the same addressing method for all data, programs, and files, treating all auxiliary storage as simply an extension of main storage. Therefore, the Control Program Facility and your application programs can be designed and implemented without consideration of the available main storage. This type of virtual storage lets the Control Program Facility contain an extensive amount of function without requiring a corresponding large amount of main storage. Also, the Control Program Facility does not have to be generated or assembled upon installation. Storage management lets you plan your
applications without related programs being in main storage at the same time.
Storage management does not partition main storage, nor is there any requirement that you code programs within specific sizes to provide better performance or to fit everything into certain size areas. All main storage is shared with the exception that the batch and the interactive jobs will norm~lIy be assigned separate logical pools of main storage to prevent the batch jobs from using main storage so heavily that the interactive jobs do not obtain' a desired response time. You are allowed to reserve sufficient main storage for interactive jobs. The remaining main storage is then available for batch processing.
As data base files are expanded on System/38, additional increments of auxiliary storage are automatically obtained, as needed, from any available location on all the attached auxiliary storage.
The system console is used primarily for interactive communication between the system and the operator. The console display screen has 16 lines, with 64 characters per line. The keyboard contains standard alphameric keys for entering alphabetic and numeric data, cursor movement keys to position the cursor on the display screen, and command function keys for requesting specific program functions.
An operator/service panel on the console has indicator lights to show system conditions, switches to control system operations, and keys to power the system on and initiate the microprogram load process.
The diskette magazine drive lets you write quantities of data to removable magazines for backup, data interchange, and historical files. The diskette magazine drive holds up to two removable magazines and has three additional slots for individual diskettes. Each magazine can contain up to 10
large-capacity diskettes. The fully loaded diskette magazine drive offers a capacity of up to 24 megabytes (in 20 format) of removable data.
Input/Output Devices
System printing can be performed with the IBM 5211, the IBM 5225, the IBM 3262, and the IBM 3203 printers. They are floor-standing units that are quiet in operation and easy to install. One model of the 5211 printer is available with a speed up to 300 lines per minute. Four models of the 5225, with rates up to 560 lines per minute, are available. Two models of the 3262 printer are available with rates of up to 650 lines per minute. The 3203 printer operates at rates up to 1200 lines per minute.
For the 3262 and 5211 printers, many standard and special purpose print belts are available, including a 64-character belt on the 3262, which is optimized to a statistical analysis of commercial printing requirements. This print belt usually provides better performance than a nonoptimized print belt and supplies all the special characters required for most users, thereby reducing the requirement for print belt changes. Many standard and special interchangeable train
The IBM 5424 Multi-Function Card Unit (MFCU) is available for System/38 users who are growing from systems equipped with a 96-column card input/ output device. As an input device, the 5424 can read cards from either of two hoppers and can stack cards in any of four stackers. As an output device, it can punch, print, and stack cards in any of four stackers. Two models are available. The faster model can read up to 500 cards per minute; it can punch and print up to 120 cards per minute.
The IBM 3410/3411 Magnetic Tape units are available for System/38 users who are growing from systems equipped with a 9-track magnetic tape input/ output device or who need larger capacity storage backup. You can attach one 3411 Magnetic Tape Unit and Control and from one to three additional 3410 Magnetic Tape units.
The IBM 5250 Information Display System offers a family of products that can deliver the capabilities of System/38 to work stations throughout your
organization. The 5250 system offers tabletop display stations and printers that were especially designed for online interactive applications.
You can install the display stations and printers in branch offices, departments, plants, warehouses, and other remote locations where there is work to be done. Wherever the devices are located, each remains independent in operation. Therefore, work station maintenance can be carried out without disrupting other areas of the system.
The display stations offer two si,zes of display screens: 960 characters or 1920 characters. Three keyboard arrangements are available: a typewriter-like movable keyboard with a 10-key numeric pad, a data-entry keyboard, and a data-entry keyboard with a proof arrangement.
The tabletop printers offer speeds of 40, 80, or 120 characters per second, depending on the model. These are bidirectional matrix printers that also offer a maximum print line of 132 characters and print position spacing of 10 characters per inch.
The System/38 work station controllers allow direct attachment of up to 80 work stations within the same local environment as the system. There is no need for common-carrier-provided services to attach the 5250 devices locally.
Up to eight communication lines are available. System/38 can communicate, using synchronous data link control (SDLC) support, with work stations (IBM 5250) in remote locations. Through SDLC support, System/38 can communicate as a terminal system to IBM Syster.,/370. Through binary synchronous communications (BSC) support, System/38 can c~mmunicate with the following terminal systems and devices:
• IBM Series/1
• IBM System/3
• IBM System/32
• IBM System/34
• IBM System/38
IBM System/370, 30XX, and 43XX
• IBM 3741 Data Station/Programmable Work Station
• IBM 5110/5120 Computing System
• IBM 5230 Data Collection System
• IBM 5260 Retail System
• IBM 5280 Distributed Data System
Chapter 2. System/38 Program Products
The following IBM program products are available. They will help you efficiently operate System /38 and develop applications:
• Control Program Facility
• RPG III
• COBOL
• Interactive Data Base Utilities
• Conversion Reformat Utility
These licensed programs will execute on all models of System/38. Therefore, you have the same functional capability whether you have the smallest system or the largest system.
CONTROL PROGRAM FACILITY (CPF)
The System/38 Control Program Facility is your primary interface to the system functions. It provides a much greater range of function than traditional control programs. Although you may not immediately need the full range of function provided by the Control Program Facility, the entire function is always available whenever you do need it. No conventional system generation is required. However, use of system specialization commands may be necessary to identify devices added to the system.
For ease of use, the most common options are assumed by default; therefore.
you do not need to specify them unless there is a special or unique
requirement. For example, the system assumes that a printed report should be produced on the system printer on standard paper unless you specify that the report should be printed on a work station printer or on a special form.
IBM provides the most commonly defined objects (those which are necessary for an executable system). These include:
• A general purpose library.
• Source files for the most common types of source data.
• Work station device and system operator message queues.
~ Subsystem descriptions.
• Job queues and output queues.
• Standard user profiles that are the default security definition for the work station user, programmer, system operator, and security 'officer.
With the appropriate IBM education, the use of defaults and supplied definitions for system functions lets you install System/38 quickly and easily.
Then, as you become more familiar with the many options available, you can select the specific options you want to improve your operation.
Figure 2-1 shows the major areas of function provided by the Control Program Facility. What is shown represents areas of functional support as you tend to view them, rather than the internal components of the Control Program Facility.
Control Language
Control Language Programs
• Commands
• Prompts
• Menus
Work (Job) Management
Interactive
Spooling
Object Management
Objects
Libraries
System Operator Services
System Operator Menu
History Logs
Job Log
Messages
Figure 2-1. Control Program Facility Functions
Data Management
Data Description Specifications
Device Data
Base Support
• Display Files
• Card
• Printer
• Diskette
• Magnetic Tape
Programmer Services
Message Handling
Progr~mmer Menu
Test and Debug
File Reference
Copy
System Services
Device Configuration
Security
Save / Restore
Service
User: Interfaces
The Control Program Facility gives you three user interfaces to the system functions:
• Control language
•. Data description specifications
• Data management used by RPG III, COBOL, control language programs, 3nd the Interactive Data Base Utilities
The system operator and the programmer commonly. use these interfaces to control the system and to develop applications. Applications that are developed by the programmer provide the major interface (means of communication) with the work station user, such as an order entry clerk.
Usually, the work station user is not expected to learn the control language and the data description specifications.
The work station user (such as an order entry clerk) might see the following typical series of displays:
Enter password to sign on:
CAHERA
"
(not displayed)PROGRAH CALL HENU Select one of the following:
1. Call program Ii dent ify below) Z. 0 i splay messages
3. Send message to system operator 90. Sign off work station (*NOLIST *LISTI Opt i on: L Program name: =OR=D=ER'--_ _ _ ___
Parameters or message: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Control Program Facility Supplied Display
The system identifies the user signing on as P JONES DEPT507 by associating the user's password, CAMERA, with his user profile. The user profile indicates he should initially be presented with the program call menu whenever he signs on.
Control Program Facility Supplied Display
The user selects option " Call program, and enters the name of the program, ORDER. (This display is optional.) The user profile could specifiy the name of a user program to be called.
ORDER DEPT GENERAL MENU 1. Inqui re into Customer F H.
2. Inquire into Item File 3. Customer Nilme Search
4. Inqui re into Orders for • Cus tomer 5. Inquire into lin Existing Order 6. Order Entry
7. End of Menu I RETURN to pr; or menu) Option: L
CUSTOMER MASTER INQUIRY
Customer Humber: ~
CUSTOMER MASTER INQUIRY
Customer Number 596702 Customer Type P Harne ACE Shoe company
Address 523 Oak Street City Chi cago State IL Zi P Code 60611 Total AIR Balance 3,267.00 Credit Limit 10,000.00 Last Payment 1,529.13 sales This Year 27,952.00 Sales Last Year 22,846.75
Last Plyment Dltl 06/1917&
A typical series of displays that the programmer might see are:
Enter password to si gn on:
EARTH"
(not displayed)
User Created Display
The program ORDER displays a menu of order entry functions.
The user selects option 1, Inquire into Customer File.
User Created Display
A prompt requesting input of a customer number is presented.
The user responds with 598702.
User Created Display The customer information is displayed. When the user is finished viewing the display, he presses a function key to return to one of the previous displays.
Control Program Facility Supplied Display The system identifies the programmer signing on by associating the password, EARTH, with the user profile for a programmer. This profile indicates he should be
presented with the programmer menu whenever he signs on.
PROGRAMNER HENU Select one of the followi,ng:
1. Des i gn/execute DFU app . 2. Design/execute query
3. Create object 4. Call program S. Execute commilnd 6. Submit job
7. Display submitted jobs 8. Edi t source
9. Design screen format 90. Signoff
(app), ,(optio~)
(app), ,(options)
object nilme, type, pgm for CHO, (text) progrillll name
commilnd
( job name). (commilnd) srembr, type, text srembr
(*NOLIST *LISn
Types: BSCF, CBL, CL, CLP, CHO, CHNF, DSPF, LF, PF. PRTF. RPG. TXT Type: _ _ Par. 2: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Text:·~ _ _ _ _ _ ~--::,..,..,..._..,..,.,...,... _ _ ..,.,....,....,..,.,. _ _ _ Log requests: ~
Src file: Src lib: *LIBL Obj lib: ~~== Jobd: QBATCH CF3-Command entry CF4-Prompt (3 & 5 only) CF6-DSPMSG
Create Library (CRTLIB) Prompt Enter the following:
Library name: LIB R
Library ty~e (-PROD *TESn: TYPE *r:POD
Public authority PUBAUT
(*NORHAL *ALL *NONE): *t10IHlAL
Text 'description': TEXT ~*B~L~A:!.lN~K _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Create Library (CRTLIB) Prompt Enter the following:
Library name: LIB R ORDPROD
Li brary type (*PROD *TESn: TYPE *PROD
Public authority PUBAUT
(IINORMAL *ALL *NONE): *NORHAl
Text 'description': TEXT ~PROCESSING LIBRARY - PR
ODUCTION'
Control Program Facility Supplied Display
The programmer menu lets the programmer enter control language commands. In this example, he wants to create a library. He knows the command is CRTLIB. If he could not remember the command name, he could request help from a command selection aid (menu). If he knows the command, but he cannot remember the parameters that go with the command, he could request prompting by' pressing command function key 4.
Control Program Facility Supplied Display
The programmer is prompted to enter the library name which is a required parameter, as indicated by the R. The other parameters, TYPE, PUBAUT, and TEXT are already filled in with their default values.
Control Program Facility Supplied Display (continued) The programmer enters the name of the library to be created as ORDPROD. He also decides to enter text to describe the library. He then presses the Enter key causing the command to be executed.
(If a parameter is in error, it will be displayed in reverse image with an error message at the bottom of the display.) After the system executes the command, it displays the programmer menu.
The system operator menu lets the system operator execute system commands.
SYSTEM OPERATOR MENU Select one of the following:
1. DSPJOBQ (jobql 7. STRPRTWTR device,outq 2. DSPOUTQ (outql 6. CNLWTR writer 3. SNOMSG tomsgq,(typel,msg 9. STRDKTROR device,label 4. CALL program
5. EXECUTE c~mmand 10. CNLROR reader
90. SIGNOFF (*NOLIST *LISTI 6. SBHJOB (jobl,(jobdl,(cmdl
Option: _ Parms:
Msg or cmd:
Log requests: *YES,
CF3-Command entry CF6-DSPHSG QSYSOPR CF7-DSPSBS CF6-DSPSYS
08/26/81 13:33:46 _ QUEUE NAME LIBRARY
QDKT QGPL
: QPRINT QGPL QPRINTS QGPL _ QPRINT2 QGPL _ QPUNCH QGPL
1-DSPOUTQ 4-HLDOUTQ
OUTPUT QUEUES FILES WRITER
2 o QSYSPRT
o
5 2
6-RLSOUTQ
STATUS
HELD
Options 1 through 4 and 6 through 90 select commands that the system operator uses most frequently. The operator executes the command by entering its option number and any required parameters on the menu or by pressing one of the CF keys indicated on the bottom of the menu. (The command name is shown in uppercase following the option number. Each lowercase word following the command name represents a parameter for the command.)
The system operator can also execute less commonly used commands by selecting option 5 on the menu, then entering the command after Msg or cmd on the menu.
As an example of how the system operator could use the operator menu, he might enter option 2 to execute the DSPOUTQ command. The system then presents the output queues display, which lists all existing output queues.
From this display the operator can select a particular output queue for display, can hold a particular output queue, or can release a particular output queue.
MESSAGES IH QUEUE - QSYSOPR
Job PAY3.DEPT25.000358 completed on 11/17/80 at 08:32:27 What time is order entry application being started today 1: At 12:00
Log version QSRV80123A library QSYS full and may be saved job WRITE.DAC.000475 started on 11/17/80 at 09:05:23 Device QCARD96 hopper check (C,RJ ERR:OUOU-ERRC-TTTTTTTTTTT 1:
CF6 - Remove a message
10/17/80 15:46:38 JOB HAME USER QCOHSOLE QSYSOPR
I-DSPJOB 2-Spl files
CF7 - Display all CF8 - Remove all
SUBSYSTEM JOBS - QCTL HBR TYPE STATUS 001554 IHTER ACTIVE
4-HLDJOB 6-RLSJOB
+++
9-CHLJOB
If the system operator presses CF6 while the system operator menu is being displayed, the system presents a display of the messages in the system operator message queue.
Pressing CF7 while the system operator menu is being displayed results in a separate subsystem display that shows the job name, user name, and job number of all jobs in all currently-active subsystems.
Control Language
The System/38 control language provides a simple, consistent syntax for invoking system-related functions. The instructions that make up this language are called commands. These commands can be:
• Entered individually from a work station.
• Used as source statements in a control language program.
• Used in a batch job stream.
Each command contains a command name and a set of parameters. The command name identifies both the action to be performed and the object of that action.
For example, to send a break message to all the work stations, the following command is used:
SNDBRKMSG MSG('This system will be available until 5:30 PM')
~ _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ ~J '~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~
Command Name
Parameter
On a display work station, one way of supplying parameter values for a command is by responding to prompts that are provided by the Control Program Facility.
The prompt is made up of a set of fill-in-the-blank requests that guide you as you enter the parameter values. (The Create Library [CRTLlB] prompt is an example of a prompt that a programmer might see.) This feature can be especially helpful when you know part of a command but do not remember certain parameters. When you request a prompt after part of a command has been entered correctly, the system displays any parameter values that have already been entered. Prompting is available for every command. The system automatically checks each command you enter for correct syntax as you enter the command. For example, if you make an error when you enter a command, the system displays an error message. If you need more information about the error, you request a display of a second-level message by pressing the Help key.
If you are not sure which command to enter, you can request a set of menus to help you select a command. Figure 2-2 shows the command grouping menu. This menu is presented in response to a request for prompting when a command name is not entered. When you select one of the command groups, such as 2, the system displays a list of commands for the selected area (for example, the object and library commands menu). When you enter a command name on this display, the system presents the prompt, just as if you had entered the command name from the command entry display and requested prompting for the parameters.
COl'mAND GROUPING MENU Select one of the folloWing:
1. All Commands Z. Object and Library 3. Data Base 4. Devi ce Management 5. programming 6. program Debug 7. ~tessage Handli ng 8. Utilities (If Installed) 9. Input/Output Spool ing 10. System and Job Control 11. subsystem and Class lZ. Configuration 13. Security 14. Save/Restore 15. Command Definition 16. Service
Option: ~ Partial command name: _ _ _ _
Object and library Commands Menu Select one of the following:
Obj ect RNMOBJ MOVOBJ ALCOBJ DLCOBJ CIiKQBJ DSPOBJD Library
CRTLIB DLTLIB ClRLIB DSPLIB RPLLIBL DSPLIBL
- Rename Obj ect - Move Obj ect - Allocate Object - Deallocate Object - Check Obj ect
- Display Object Descri ption
- Create Library - Delete Library - Clear Library - Display Library - Repl ace Li brary Li st - Display Library List
Command name: CRT LIB
Figure 2-2. Command Grouping Menu
cn - Return
cn - Return
Control Language Programs
The control language is much more than a collection of system control commands. It is actually a high-level programming language for system functions. You can use control language commands to write a program, and then you can compile that program, assigning a program name by which your program or another program can execute it. Compiling provides much better execution performance and allows more flexibility in the use of the language for:
• logic control.
• Branching.
• Use of variables and arithmetic expressions.
• Use of subprograms with parameter passing.
• Some input/output operations, including input/output to work stations and message queues.
Control language programs are powerful procedures that consist of groups of control statements. The following list of commands is an example of a small control language program.
/* CREDIT CONTROL PROGRAM * /
PGM PARM(&ORDTOT &CUSTNO &ORDNO)
DCl &ORDTOT *DEC (7 2) /* TOTAL AMOUNT OF ORDER * / DCl &CUSTNO *DEC 6
DCl &ORDNO *DEC 6
DCl &CRDlMT *DEC (7 2) /* CREDIT LIMIT * /
CAll CRDCKPGM PARM(&CUSTNO &CRDlMT) /* CAll CREDIT CHECK PGM * / IF (&ORDTOT *GT &CRDlMT) +
CAll CRDAPRV PARM(&ORDNO) /* CALL CREDIT APPROVAL PGM */
ELSE CAll ORDPROC PARM(&ORDNO)
/*
CREDIT IS OK. PROCEED * / ENDPGMControl language programs can call or be called by RPG III, COBOL, and other control language programs. Control language programs can send output to and receive input from the work station. A complete application on System/38 generally consists of a combination of control language and RPG III or COBOL programs.
Batch Input Streams
Control language commands are also used in batch input streams, which can be entered from the diskette magazine drive, a card reader, or a data ,base file.
For example,
/ / JOB INVUPT JOBPTY(2)
CPYF FROMFILE(lNVMST) TOFILE(lNVMST2) CALL INV203
CALL INV204 / / DATA 28607R 062778 590511062778
/ / ENDJOB
Object Managert:Jent
Objects
An object is a named item that is made up of a set of attributes (that describe the object) and the data portion of the object. Control language commands perform functions such as create, change, delete, or display an object.
Therefore, on System/38, the term object refers to more' than just files because it can include items such as' programs, messages queues, and user profiles. Briefly, the set of attributes that are assigned to each object include such things as:
• Name-The name assigned to the object when the object was created.
• Owner name-The name of the system user who owns the object.
• Creation date-The date on which the object was created.
• Object. type-An indication of the contents of the object.
