Classified Design Parameters

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Department Fahrzeugtechnik und Flugzeugbau

Titel der Masterarbeit

Felix Mustermann (Dieser Text steht im Folienmaster!!!)

Reverse Engineering of Passenger Jets – Classified Design Parameters

Emiel De Grave

Examiner: Prof. Dr.-Ing Dieter Scholz, MSME

August 2017

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Master Thesis

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Erasmus Hamburg (Germany)

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Reverse Engineering of Passenger Jets –

Classified Design Parameters Department Fahrzeugtechnik und Flugzeugbau

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Master Thesis

Reverse Engineering Passenger Jets

Classified

Design Parameters

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Reverse Engineering of Passenger Jets – Classified Design Parameters

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Design Parameters

Maximum lift coefficient: C

_L,max

• Landing

• Take-off

Lift-to-drag ratio: E

Specific fuel consumption: SFC

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Content

1. Preliminary Sizing of Passenger Aircraft 2. Concept Reverse Engineering

3. Reverse Engineering of Preliminary Sizing 4. Tool

5. Example

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Preliminary Sizing of Passenger Aircraft

Aircraft design parameters

• Take-off mass

• Fuel mass

• Operating empty mass

• Wing area

• Take-off thrust

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Preliminary Sizing of Passenger Aircraft

1. Landing 2. Take-off

3. Second Segment 4. Missed Approach 5. Cruise

Acc. to Federal Air Regulations (FAR Part 25)

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Preliminary Sizing of Passenger Aircraft

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Preliminary Sizing – Landing

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Preliminary Sizing – Take-Off

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Preliminary Sizing – 2nd Segment

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Preliminary Sizing – Missed Approach

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Preliminary Sizing – Cruise

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Preliminary Sizing – Cruise

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Preliminary Sizing – Cruise

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Preliminary Sizing – Cruise

2. Wing Loading

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Preliminary Sizing – Matching Chart

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Concept Reverse Engineering

Def.: RE is a proces, used to understand the working of a product and to analyze its design

Provides documentation:

• Specifications

• Mechanisms

• Materials

• Manufacturability

• Assembly details

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Concept Reverse Engineering

RE is applied when technical data is:

• Lost

• Not exising

• Property of another manufacturer Note: copyright!

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Concept Reverse Engineering

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Black-box (hypothetical)

Input Black-box Output x

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Concept Reverse Engineering

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Black-box (hypothetical)

Input Black-box Output x y

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Concept Reverse Engineering

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Black-box (hypothetical)

Input Black-box Output x ? y

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Concept Reverse Engineering

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White-box

Input White-box Output x

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Concept Reverse Engineering

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White-box

Input White-box Output x y

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Concept Reverse Engineering

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White-box

Input White-box Output x y = f(x) y

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Concept Reverse Engineering

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RE white-box

Input White-box Output y

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Concept Reverse Engineering

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RE white-box

Input White-box Output y x

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Concept Reverse Engineering

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RE white-box

Input White-box Output y x = f(y) x

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Reverse Engineering of Preliminary Sizing

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RE Black-box

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Reverse Engineering of Preliminary Sizing

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RE white-box 1

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Reverse Engineering of Preliminary Sizing

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Reverse Engineering of Preliminary Sizing

RE white-box 3

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Reverse Engineering of Preliminary Sizing

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Reverse Engineering of Preliminary Sizing

RE white-box 4

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Reverse Engineering of Preliminary Sizing

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Reverse Engineering of Preliminary Sizing

RE white-box 4

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Reverse Engineering of Preliminary Sizing

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The Tool

Necessity due to complexity:

• Amount of variables

• Mutual relations

• Numerical iteration

• Optimization solver

→ Tool: PJRE (Passenger Jet Reverse Engineering)

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The Tool

Requirements of PJRE

• Accurate results

• Reliable results

• Quick

• User friendly

• Multifunctional

• Direct print-out

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The Tool

Build-up

1. Specs + RE 2. C_Lmax

3. E_max 4. SFC

5. Matching Chart 6. Data

7. Verification

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The Tool

Demonstration A320-200 (Airbus)

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Example BAe 146-200 (British Aerospace)

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Example BAe 146-200 (British Aerospace)

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Google: ‘Airport planning’ + aircraft manufacturer

https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Category:Aircraft

https://booksite.elsevier.com/9780340741528/appendices/data- a/default.htm

https://booksite.elsevier.com/9780340741528/appendices/data- b/default.htm

http://www.jet-engine.net/

Note: mission fuel fraction for climb = 0,998!

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Example BAe 146-200 (British Aerospace)

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• C

_L,max,L

= 3,62

• C

_L,max,TO

= 2,63

• E

_max

= 14,5

• SFC = 19,5 mg/N/s

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Example BAe 146-200 (British Aerospace)

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PJRE

Positive

• Quick

• Reliable

• Accurate

• Multifunctional

• Reduces complexity

• User friendly

Negative

• Only (large) passenger jets

• Sensitive to human error

• Critical view

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emiel_dg@hotmail.com