Teaching Thermodynamics: Chemical Potential from the Beginning R. Rüffler, G. Job

Demonstration experiment “Boiling by cooling”: At sufficiently low pressure caused by the condensation of water vapour in the flask, the value of the chemical potential of

Because we are interested in a first basic knowledge of the chemical potential, we consider the values at the moment as given.. Each realisable reaction is comparable to a kind

While amount of substance goes from high to low chemical poten- tial, electric charge is lifted from low to high elec- tric

It is also a fact that in high schools and undergraduate education light is taught with the general wave model, paying little attention to its electric and magnetic aspects.. Of

For example, it is possible to predict by means of the chemical potential whether a considered reaction is possible or not, which yield can be expected, what can be done to

The chemical potential, defined as a partial derivative of a quantity which contains both energy and entropy, seems to be complex beyond despair.. As indicated by its name, the

The concept can be expanded easily to colligative phenomena (such as osmosis), diffusion processes, surface phenomena (such as adsorption), and so on.. Furthermore, the same

A more detailed approach considers the temperature and pressure dependence of µ. This released energy can be used by special apparatus, “matter engines,” comparable to water