Böden in der Krise“

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Global Soil Partnership der FAO – Aktion für nachhaltiges Landmanagement

Luca Montanarella

6 Dezember 2011

Tag des Bodens 2011: „Peak Soil –

Böden in der Krise“

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Soils for Sustainable Development

Soil, the skin of the earth

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Soils at the interface between

Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere and Biosphere

Soil defined as the top layer of the earth’s crust situated between the bedrock and the surface.

source: E. Micheli

source: L.P. Wilding & H. Lin, 2006

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Understanding soil diversity

Understanding and communicating to the general public and policy makers that soils are very diverse and require locally adapted

protection strategies

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Article 1: Subject-matter and scope

Soil defined as the top layer of the earth’s crust situated between the bedrock and the surface, excluding groundwater.

Soil functions to be protected:

1. Biomass production, including in agriculture and forestry;

2. Storing, filtering and transforming nutrients, substances and water;

3. Biodiversity pool, such as habitats, species and genes;

4. Physical and cultural environment for humans and human activities;

5. Source of raw materials;

6. Acting as carbon pool;

7. Archive of geological and archeological heritage.

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How much fertile soil is there on the planet to feed people? And where is it?

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WP 2010 action SOIL 7

World population: 1750 – 2050

0.0 3.0 6.0 9.0 12.0

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

Total population (billions)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

Annual increments (billions)

Further growth, but at drastically declining rates

Source: UN, 2003

Population growth

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Assuring that there will be enough fertile soils for feeding future generations

400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

1961 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008

Million hectares

0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50

Rainfed Irrigated Cropland needed per person

hect are/

pers on

Evolution of land under irrigated and rainfed cropping (1961-2008)

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Intensification of agricultural production

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Sealing

Erosion Organic matter decline

Compaction Salinisation

Acidification

Landslides Contamination

Soil degradation processes

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Map results of the GLASOD ISRIC

1/3 of agricultural soils are degraded of which 83%

due to wind & water erosion

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Predicted Soil loss in ton/ha/year (USLE equation)

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Hillel and Rosenzweig, 2009

Global carbon

pools

The role of the soil carbon pool within the global carbon geochemical cycle

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Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Assessment

Source: JRC-IES

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JRC Florence on 20-21 April 2011 – G-SCAN meeting 17/27

Source: JRC

EU Policies have a

Global Impact on Soil Resources

C h a n g e in To ta l C ro p la n d Are a b y C o u n try

n o < 1 0 0 1 0 0 - 2 5 0 - 5 0 0 - > 1 0 0 0

d a ta 2 5 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0

A re a C h a n g e [km ]²

So il O rg a n ic C a rb o n Sto c k C h a n g e s b y C o u n try

C h a n g e s in SO C [Mt C ] n o < 0 .0 1 0 .0 1 - 0 .0 5 - 0 .1 - > 0 .5

d a ta 0 .0 5 0 .1 0 .5

Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) under various Biofuels

policy scenarios

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Why do we need a new global governance for soils?

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UNCCD CBD

Climate Change

Biodiversity Desertification

IPCC

CST

IPBES

Food Security

IP(L)S?

Soils as a cross-cutting theme between food security, climate change, desertification and biodiversity

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A Global Soil Partnership (complementing the Global water partnership) can bring due recognition and concerted action with stakeholders at international, national and local levels to protect and sustain soil and water resources as the basis for sustainable agriculture and food security.

It will provide a platform for updating and sharing knowledge on soils, for developing capacities of land users and technical institutions and providing information and evidence for strengthened policies and programmes

Why a Partnership?

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• The Vision of the GSP

is for a healthy and productive soils for a food secure world.

GSP Vision and Mission

• The Mission of the GSP

^{is to}

– build capacities and exchange knowledge and technologies for sustainable management of soil resources at all levels to enhance food security in an era of climate change, and

– propose national and international best practices, technical standards, guidelines and monitoring systems.

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• A Partnership open to governments and all relevant stakeholders and organizations;

• A Secretariat who will implement the vision and mission of the GSP through Regional Partnerships;

• An Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils of 25 high-level scientists providing scientific and technical advice to the Global Soil Partnership and FAO.

Our Proposal: three main elements of the GSP

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The Global Soil Partnership

Member FAO States

Regional Soil Partnership

Regional Soil Partnership Regional

Soil Partnership

Regional Soil Partnership

FAO Governing Bodies

Intergovernmental Panel on Soils

GSP Secretariat

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Source: JRC

ESBN

European Soil Bureau Network of experts

• Located in JRC

• 1996s

• Soil EU infos

• Several different EU policy drivers

DELIVERABLES

• Cartographic output from the EUSIS

• Working Groups

• Raising awareness

• 1:250.000 Soil

database for Europe

ESBN annual Plenary 2011 as SIDE EVENT of Wageningen Conference on applied Soil Science

18 - 22 September 2011 Wageningen

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Source: JRC

http://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

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Source: JRC

ESDAC

European Commision

(EU funded soil related projects)

Data from specific in-house JRC actions (e.g. ESDB, SOTER)

Member States

EIONET, EEA, etc

Collaborative research

(e.g. EuroGeoSurveys, FAO, ISRIC)

Data from related JRC and EC actions (e.g. Lucas soil, Biosoil)

Network of soil centres (e.g. European Soil

Bureau Network)

European Soil Data Centre

(ESDAC)

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Cosenza 4/10/2011 27

Integrating European soil data into a nested system of soil spatial information:

The European Soil Information System (EUSIS) within a nested system of soil data centres

Soil Monitoring Sites: BIOSOIL, LUCAS Soil

Global Soil Partnership

EU

Member States

Regions Communes

Global Soil Information System

European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC)

Operated by JRC

National Soil Data Centre

Regional Soil Data Centre

Data centers providing policy relevant soil information at different scales

1:5,000,000

1:1,000,000

1:250,000

1:50,000

From local data and information to a global soil information system

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• Concept note distributed for discussion to Governments and stakeholders.

• Meeting in FAO HQ 7-9 of September 2011 for discussion and launch of the process towards the proposed GSP.

• Establishment of a Technical Working Group to draft the Terms of Reference for the GSP.

• Establishment of a formal Open-Ended Working Group by the FAO Governing bodies for finalizing the Terms of Reference of the GSP

• Submission of the Terms of Reference to FAO’s Governing bodies for final endorsement of the GSP

• Formal establishment of the Global Soil Partnership

Way Forward: Towards Rio+20

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Thank you for your attention!

http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu