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Industrial Transformation: Research Gaps and Possible Research Topics for IIASA

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International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis • A-2361 Laxenburg • Austria Tel: +43 2236 807 • Fax: +43 2236 71313 • E-mail: info@iiasa.ac.at • Web: www.iiasa.ac.at

Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work.

Approved by

INTERIM REPORT

IIASA

IR-97-067/September

Industrial Transformation: Research Gaps and Possible Research Topics for IIASA

Peter Mulder

Jill Jäger ([email protected]) Deputy Director

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Abstract

Industrial transformation has been identified as a priority research topic within the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP). This paper looks at the research gaps in the area of Industrial Transformation identified within the framework of IHDP. Furthermore, the paper explores possible research topics for IIASA and discusses possible research questions for the topics of

“Technology” and “Consumption”.

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