International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis • A-2361 Laxenburg • Austria Tel: +43 2236 807 • Fax: +43 2236 71313 • E-mail: info@iiasa.ac.at • Web: www.iiasa.ac.at
Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work.
Approved by
INTERIM REPORT
IIASA
IR-97-067/September
Industrial Transformation: Research Gaps and Possible Research Topics for IIASA
Peter Mulder
Jill Jäger ([email protected]) Deputy Director
Abstract
Industrial transformation has been identified as a priority research topic within the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP). This paper looks at the research gaps in the area of Industrial Transformation identified within the framework of IHDP. Furthermore, the paper explores possible research topics for IIASA and discusses possible research questions for the topics of
“Technology” and “Consumption”.
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