DSpace 1.8 Documentation
DSpace 1.8
Documentation
Author: The DSpace Developer Team
DSpace 1.8 Documentation
Table of Contents
1 Preface _____________________________________________________________________________ 15 1.1 Release Notes ____________________________________________________________________ 15 2 Introduction __________________________________________________________________________ 17 3 Functional Overview ___________________________________________________________________ 19 3.1 Data Model ______________________________________________________________________ 19 3.2 Plugin Manager ___________________________________________________________________ 21 3.3 Metadata ________________________________________________________________________ 21 3.4 Packager Plugins _________________________________________________________________ 22 3.5 Crosswalk Plugins _________________________________________________________________ 23 3.6 E-People and Groups ______________________________________________________________ 23 3.6.1 E-Person __________________________________________________________________ 23 3.6.2 Groups ____________________________________________________________________ 24 3.7 Authentication ____________________________________________________________________ 24 3.8 Authorization _____________________________________________________________________ 24 3.9 Ingest Process and Workflow ________________________________________________________ 26 3.9.1 Workflow Steps _____________________________________________________________ 27 3.10 Supervision and Collaboration _______________________________________________________ 28 3.11 Handles _________________________________________________________________________ 28 3.12 Bitstream 'Persistent' Identifiers ______________________________________________________ 29 3.13 Storage Resource Broker (SRB) Support _______________________________________________ 30 3.14 Search and Browse ________________________________________________________________ 30 3.15 HTML Support ____________________________________________________________________ 31 3.16 OAI Support ______________________________________________________________________ 32 3.17 SWORD Support __________________________________________________________________ 32 3.18 OpenURL Support _________________________________________________________________ 32 3.19 Creative Commons Support _________________________________________________________ 33 3.20 Subscriptions _____________________________________________________________________ 33 3.21 Import and Export _________________________________________________________________ 33 3.22 Registration ______________________________________________________________________ 33 3.23 Statistics ________________________________________________________________________ 34 3.23.1 System Statistics ____________________________________________________________ 34 3.23.2 Item, Collection and Community Usage Statistics ___________________________________ 34 3.24 Checksum Checker ________________________________________________________________ 35 3.25 Usage Instrumentation _____________________________________________________________ 35 3.26 Choice Management and Authority Control _____________________________________________ 35 3.26.1 Introduction and Motivation ____________________________________________________ 36
DSpace 1.8 Documentation 4 Installation ___________________________________________________________________________ 38 4.1 For the Impatient __________________________________________________________________ 38 4.2 Prerequisite Software ______________________________________________________________ 59 4.2.1 UNIX-like OS or Microsoft Windows _____________________________________________ 38 4.2.2 Oracle Java JDK 6 (standard SDK is fine, you don't need J2EE) _______________________ 39 4.2.3 Apache Maven 2.2.x or higher (Java build tool) _____________________________________ 39 4.2.4 Apache Ant 1.8 or later (Java build tool) __________________________________________ 40 4.2.5 Relational Database: (PostgreSQL or Oracle). _____________________________________ 40 4.2.6 Servlet Engine: (Apache Tomcat 5.5 or 6, Jetty, Caucho Resin or equivalent). ____________ 41 4.2.7 Perl (only required for [dspace]/bin/dspace-info.pl) __________________________________ 42 4.3 Installation Instructions _____________________________________________________________ 42 4.3.1 Overview of Install Options ____________________________________________________ 42 4.3.2 Overview of DSpace Directories ________________________________________________ 44 4.3.3 Installation _________________________________________________________________ 45 4.4 Advanced Installation ______________________________________________________________ 49 4.4.1 'cron' Jobs _________________________________________________________________ 49 4.4.2 Multilingual Installation ________________________________________________________ 50 4.4.3 DSpace over HTTPS _________________________________________________________ 50 4.4.4 The Handle Server ___________________________________________________________ 55 4.4.5 Google and HTML sitemaps ___________________________________________________ 56 4.4.6 DSpace Statistics ____________________________________________________________ 57 4.4.7 Manually Installing/Updating GeoLite Database File _________________________________ 58 4.5 Windows Installation _______________________________________________________________ 59 4.5.1 Installation Steps ____________________________________________________________ 59 4.6 Checking Your Installation ___________________________________________________________ 61 4.7 Known Bugs _____________________________________________________________________ 61 4.8 Common Problems ________________________________________________________________ 62 4.8.1 Common Installation Issues ____________________________________________________ 62 4.8.2 General DSpace Issues _______________________________________________________ 64
DSpace 1.8 Documentation 5 Upgrading a DSpace Installation __________________________________________________________ 66 5.1 Upgrading From 1.8 to 1.8.x _________________________________________________________ 66 5.1.1 Backup your DSpace _________________________________________________________ 67 5.1.2 Upgrade Steps ______________________________________________________________ 68 5.2 Upgrading From 1.7.x to 1.8.x ________________________________________________________ 69 5.2.1 Backup your DSpace _________________________________________________________ 71 5.2.2 Upgrade Steps ______________________________________________________________ 72 5.3 Upgrading From 1.7 to 1.7.x _________________________________________________________ 76 5.3.1 Upgrade Steps ______________________________________________________________ 77 5.4 Upgrading From 1.6.x to 1.7.x ________________________________________________________ 78 5.4.1 Upgrade Steps ______________________________________________________________ 78 5.5 Upgrading From 1.6 to 1.6.x _________________________________________________________ 88 5.5.1 Upgrade Steps ______________________________________________________________ 89 5.6 Upgrading From 1.5.x to 1.6.x ________________________________________________________ 90 5.6.1 Upgrade Steps ______________________________________________________________ 91 5.7 Upgrading From 1.5 or 1.5.1 to 1.5.2 _________________________________________________ 104 5.7.1 Upgrade Steps _____________________________________________________________ 104 5.8 Upgrading From 1.4.2 to 1.5 ________________________________________________________ 113 5.8.1 Upgrade Steps _____________________________________________________________ 113 5.9 Upgrading From 1.4.1 to 1.4.2 ______________________________________________________ 118 5.9.1 Upgrade Steps _____________________________________________________________ 118 5.10 Upgrading From 1.4 to 1.4.x ________________________________________________________ 118 5.10.1 Upgrade Steps _____________________________________________________________ 118 5.11 Upgrading From 1.3.2 to 1.4.x _______________________________________________________ 120 5.11.1 Upgrade Steps _____________________________________________________________ 120 5.12 Upgrading From 1.3.1 to 1.3.2 ______________________________________________________ 123 5.12.1 Upgrade Steps _____________________________________________________________ 123 5.13 Upgrading From 1.2.x to 1.3.x _______________________________________________________ 124 5.13.1 Upgrade Steps _____________________________________________________________ 124 5.14 Upgrading From 1.2.1 to 1.2.2 ______________________________________________________ 125 5.14.1 Upgrade Steps _____________________________________________________________ 126 5.15 Upgrading From 1.2 to 1.2.1 ________________________________________________________ 127 5.15.1 Upgrade Steps _____________________________________________________________ 127 5.16 Upgrading From 1.1.x to 1.2 ________________________________________________________ 129 5.16.1 Upgrade Steps _____________________________________________________________ 129 5.17 Upgrading From 1.1 to 1.1.1 ________________________________________________________ 132 5.17.1 Upgrade Steps _____________________________________________________________ 133 5.18 Upgrading From 1.0.1 to 1.1 ________________________________________________________ 133 5.18.1 Upgrade Steps _____________________________________________________________ 133 6 Configuration ________________________________________________________________________ 137 6.1 General Configuration _____________________________________________________________ 137
DSpace 1.8 Documentation 6.2 The dspace.cfg Configuration Properties File ___________________________________________ 139 6.2.1 The dspace.cfg file __________________________________________________________ 139 6.2.2 Main DSpace Configurations __________________________________________________ 150 6.2.3 DSpace Database Configuration _______________________________________________ 151 6.2.4 DSpace Email Settings ______________________________________________________ 153 6.2.5 File Storage _______________________________________________________________ 156 6.2.6 SRB (Storage Resource Brokerage) File Storage __________________________________ 157 6.2.7 Logging Configuration _______________________________________________________ 160 6.2.8 Configuring Lucene Search Indexes ____________________________________________ 161 6.2.9 Handle Server Configuration __________________________________________________ 164 6.2.10 Delegation Administration : Authorization System Configuration _______________________ 165 6.2.11 Restricted Item Visibility Settings _______________________________________________ 169 6.2.12 Proxy Settings _____________________________________________________________ 170 6.2.13 Configuring Media Filters _____________________________________________________ 171 6.2.14 Crosswalk and Packager Plugin Settings ________________________________________ 173 6.2.15 Event System Configuration ___________________________________________________ 177 6.2.16 Embargo __________________________________________________________________ 180 6.2.17 Checksum Checker Settings __________________________________________________ 185 6.2.18 Item Export and Download Settings _____________________________________________ 186 6.2.19 Subscription Emails _________________________________________________________ 187 6.2.20 Hiding Metadata ____________________________________________________________ 187 6.2.21 Settings for the Submission Process ____________________________________________ 188 6.2.22 Configuring Creative Commons License _________________________________________ 188 6.2.23 WEB User Interface Configurations _____________________________________________ 190 6.2.24 Browse Index Configuration ___________________________________________________ 194 6.2.25 Author (Multiple metadata value) Display ________________________________________ 198 6.2.26 Links to Other Browse Contexts ________________________________________________ 199 6.2.27 Recent Submissions ________________________________________________________ 200 6.2.28 Submission License Substitution Variables _______________________________________ 201 6.2.29 Syndication Feed (RSS) Settings _______________________________________________ 201 6.2.30 OpenSearch Support ________________________________________________________ 205 6.2.31 Content Inline Disposition Threshold ____________________________________________ 207 6.2.32 Multi-file HTML Document/Site Settings _________________________________________ 208 6.2.33 Sitemap Settings ___________________________________________________________ 208 6.2.34 Authority Control Settings ____________________________________________________ 209 6.2.35 JSPUI Upload File Settings ___________________________________________________ 210 6.2.36 JSP Web Interface (JSPUI) Settings ____________________________________________ 211 6.2.37 JSPUI Configuring Multilingual Support __________________________________________ 215 6.2.38 JSPUI Item Mapper _________________________________________________________ 217
DSpace 1.8 Documentation 6.2.43 XMLUI Specific Configuration _________________________________________________ 221 6.2.44 DSpace SOLR Statistics Configuration __________________________________________ 225 6.3 Optional or Advanced Configuration Settings ___________________________________________ 226 6.3.1 The Metadata Format and Bitstream Format Registries _____________________________ 227 6.3.2 XPDF Filter ________________________________________________________________ 228 6.3.3 Creating a new Media/Format Filter _____________________________________________ 231 6.3.4 Configuring Usage Instrumentation Plugins _______________________________________ 233 6.4 Authentication Plugins _____________________________________________________________ 234 6.4.1 Stackable Authentication Method(s) ____________________________________________ 234 6.5 Batch Metadata Editing Configuration _________________________________________________ 256 6.6 Configurable Workflow ____________________________________________________________ 257 6.6.1 Introduction _______________________________________________________________ 257 6.6.2 Instructions for Enabling Configurable Reviewer Workflow in XMLUI ___________________ 258 6.6.3 Data Migration (Backwards compatibility) ________________________________________ 259 6.6.4 Configuration ______________________________________________________________ 260 6.6.5 Authorizations _____________________________________________________________ 266 6.6.6 Database _________________________________________________________________ 266 6.6.7 Additional workflow steps/actions and features ____________________________________ 268 6.6.8 Known Issues ______________________________________________________________ 269 6.7 Discovery _______________________________________________________________________ 270 6.7.1 What is DSpace Discovery ____________________________________________________ 270 6.7.2 Discovery Features _________________________________________________________ 271 6.7.3 DSpace 1.8 Improvements ____________________________________________________ 271 6.7.4 Enabling Discovery _________________________________________________________ 272 6.7.5 Configuration files __________________________________________________________ 273 6.7.6 General Discovery settings (config/modules/discovery.cfg) ___________________________ 274 6.7.7 Modifying the Discovery User Interface
(config/spring/spring-dspace-addon-discovery-configuration-services.xml) ______________________ 274 6.7.8 Routine Discovery SOLR Index Maintenance _____________________________________ 281 6.7.9 Advanced SOLR Configuration ________________________________________________ 281 6.8 DSpace Service Manager __________________________________________________________ 282 6.8.1 Introduction _______________________________________________________________ 282 6.8.2 Configuration ______________________________________________________________ 282 6.8.3 Architectural Overview _______________________________________________________ 285 6.8.4 Tutorials __________________________________________________________________ 285
DSpace 1.8 Documentation 6.9 DSpace Statistics ________________________________________________________________ 285 6.9.1 What is exactly being logged ? ________________________________________________ 285 6.9.2 Web user interface for DSpace statistics _________________________________________ 286 6.9.3 Usage Event Logging and Usage Statistics Gathering ______________________________ 287 6.9.4 Configuration settings for Statistics _____________________________________________ 287 6.9.5 Older setting that are not related to the new 1.6 Statistics ____________________________ 290 6.9.6 Statistics Administration ______________________________________________________ 291 6.9.7 Statistics differences between DSpace 1.7.x and 1.8.0 ______________________________ 291 6.9.8 Statistics differences between DSpace 1.6.x and 1.7.0 ______________________________ 292 6.9.9 Web UI Statistics Modification (XMLUI Only) ______________________________________ 292 6.9.10 Custom Reporting - Querying SOLR Directly ______________________________________ 293 6.10 Embargo _______________________________________________________________________ 294 6.10.1 What is an embargo? ________________________________________________________ 294 6.11 Google Scholar Metadata Mappings __________________________________________________ 298 6.12 OAI ___________________________________________________________________________ 299 6.12.1 OAI Interfaces _____________________________________________________________ 299 6.13 SWORDv1 Client _________________________________________________________________ 306 6.13.1 Enabling the SWORD Client __________________________________________________ 306 6.13.2 Configuring the SWORD Client ________________________________________________ 307 6.14 SWORDv1 Server ________________________________________________________________ 308 6.14.1 Enabling SWORD Server _____________________________________________________ 308 6.14.2 Configuring SWORD Server __________________________________________________ 308 6.15 SWORDv2 Server ________________________________________________________________ 313 6.15.1 Enabling SWORD v2 Server __________________________________________________ 314 6.15.2 Configuring SWORD v2 Server ________________________________________________ 314 7 JSPUI Configuration and Customization ___________________________________________________ 322 7.1 Configuration ____________________________________________________________________ 322 7.2 Customizing the JSP pages ________________________________________________________ 322
DSpace 1.8 Documentation 8 XMLUI Configuration and Customization __________________________________________________ 324 8.1 Overview of XMLUI / Manakin _______________________________________________________ 324 8.1.1 Understanding the Flow of an XMLUI Request ____________________________________ 325 8.2 Manakin Configuration Property Keys _________________________________________________ 327 8.3 Configuring Themes and Aspects ____________________________________________________ 330 8.3.1 Aspects __________________________________________________________________ 330 8.3.2 Themes __________________________________________________________________ 332 8.4 Multilingual Support _______________________________________________________________ 332 8.5 Creating a New Theme ____________________________________________________________ 333 8.6 Customizing the News Document ____________________________________________________ 334 8.7 Adding Static Content _____________________________________________________________ 335 8.8 Harvesting Items from XMLUI via OAI-ORE or OAI-PMH __________________________________ 336 8.8.1 Automatic Harvesting (Scheduler) ______________________________________________ 338 8.9 Additional XMLUI Learning Resources ________________________________________________ 338 8.10 Mirage Configuration and Customization ______________________________________________ 338 8.10.1 Introduction _______________________________________________________________ 339 8.10.2 Configuration Parameters ____________________________________________________ 339 8.10.3 Technical Features __________________________________________________________ 340 8.10.4 Troubleshooting ____________________________________________________________ 341 8.11 XMLUI Base Theme Templates (dri2xhtml) ____________________________________________ 342 8.11.1 dri2xhtml __________________________________________________________________ 342 8.11.2 dri2xhtml-alt _______________________________________________________________ 343 9 Advanced Customisation _______________________________________________________________ 346 9.1 Maven WAR Overlays _____________________________________________________________ 346 9.2 DSpace Source Release ___________________________________________________________ 346 10 System Administration _________________________________________________________________ 347 10.1 AIP Backup and Restore ___________________________________________________________ 347 10.1.1 Background & Overview ______________________________________________________ 347 10.1.2 Makeup and Definition of AIPs _________________________________________________ 351 10.1.3 Running the Code __________________________________________________________ 352 10.1.4 Additional Packager Options __________________________________________________ 363 10.1.5 Configuration in 'dspace.cfg' __________________________________________________ 368 10.1.6 Common Issues or Error Messages _____________________________________________ 371 10.1.7 DSpace AIP Format _________________________________________________________ 372 10.2 Batch Metadata Editing ____________________________________________________________ 390 10.2.1 Batch Metadata Editing Tool __________________________________________________ 390
DSpace 1.8 Documentation 10.3 Curation System _________________________________________________________________ 394 10.3.1 Changes in 1.8 _____________________________________________________________ 395 10.3.2 Tasks ____________________________________________________________________ 395 10.3.3 Activation _________________________________________________________________ 395 10.3.4 Writing your own tasks _______________________________________________________ 396 10.3.5 Task Invocation ____________________________________________________________ 397 10.3.6 Asynchronous (Deferred) Operation ____________________________________________ 400 10.3.7 Task Output and Reporting ___________________________________________________ 401 10.3.8 Task Properties ____________________________________________________________ 402 10.3.9 Task Annotations ___________________________________________________________ 404 10.3.10Scripted Tasks _____________________________________________________________ 404 10.3.11Starter Tasks ______________________________________________________________ 406 10.4 Importing and Exporting Content via Packages _________________________________________ 411 10.4.1 Package Importer and Exporter ________________________________________________ 411 10.5 Importing and Exporting Items via Simple Archive Format _________________________________ 417 10.5.1 Item Importer and Exporter ___________________________________________________ 417 10.6 Importing Community and Collection Hierarchy _________________________________________ 423 10.6.1 Community and Collection Structure Importer _____________________________________ 423 10.7 Managing Community Hierarchy _____________________________________________________ 425 10.7.1 Sub-Community Management _________________________________________________ 425 10.8 Managing Embargoed Content ______________________________________________________ 427 10.8.1 Embargo Lifter _____________________________________________________________ 427 10.9 Managing Usage Statistics _________________________________________________________ 427 10.9.1 DSpace Log Converter _______________________________________________________ 428 10.9.2 Filtering and Pruning Spiders __________________________________________________ 429 10.9.3 Routine SOLR Index Maintenance ______________________________________________ 430 10.10Moving Items ___________________________________________________________________ 430 10.10.1Moving Items via Web UI ____________________________________________________ 430 10.10.2Moving Items via the Batch Metadata Editor ______________________________________ 431 10.11Performance Tuning DSpace _______________________________________________________ 431 10.11.1Give Tomcat (DSpace UIs) More Memory _______________________________________ 431 10.11.2Give the Command Line Tools More Memory _____________________________________ 433 10.11.3Give PostgreSQL Database More Memory _______________________________________ 434 10.11.4SOLR Statistics Performance Tuning ___________________________________________ 434 10.12Registering (not Importing) Bitstreams via Simple Archive Format __________________________ 434 10.12.1Overview _________________________________________________________________ 435 10.13ReIndexing Content (for Browse or Search) ___________________________________________ 437 10.13.1Overview _________________________________________________________________ 437 10.13.2Creating the Browse & Search Indexes _________________________________________ 437
DSpace 1.8 Documentation Test Database ____________________________________________________________ 440 10.15Transferring or Copying Content Between Repositories __________________________________ 441 10.15.1Transferring Content via Export and Import ______________________________________ 441 10.15.2Transferring Items using Simple Archive Format __________________________________ 441 10.15.3Transferring Items using OAI-ORE/OAI-PMH Harvester ____________________________ 442 10.15.4Copying Items using the SWORD Client _________________________________________ 442 10.16Transforming DSpace Content (MediaFilters) __________________________________________ 442 10.16.1MediaFilters: Transforming DSpace Content _____________________________________ 442 10.17Updating Items via Simple Archive Format ____________________________________________ 445 10.17.1Item Update Tool ___________________________________________________________ 445 10.18Validating CheckSums of Bitstreams _________________________________________________ 448 10.18.1Checksum Checker _________________________________________________________ 448 11 Directories and Files __________________________________________________________________ 453 11.1 Overview _______________________________________________________________________ 453 11.2 Source Directory Layout ___________________________________________________________ 453 11.3 Installed Directory Layout __________________________________________________________ 455 11.4 Contents of JSPUI Web Application __________________________________________________ 455 11.5 Contents of XMLUI Web Application (aka Manakin) ______________________________________ 455 11.6 Log Files _______________________________________________________________________ 456 11.6.1 log4j.properties File. _________________________________________________________ 458
DSpace 1.8 Documentation 12 Architecture _________________________________________________________________________ 459 12.1 Overview _______________________________________________________________________ 459 12.1.1 DSpace System Architecture __________________________________________________ 459 12.2 Application Layer _________________________________________________________________ 461 12.2.1 Web User Interface _________________________________________________________ 461 12.2.2 OAI-PMH Data Provider ______________________________________________________ 471 12.2.3 DSpace Command Launcher __________________________________________________ 475 12.3 Business Logic Layer _____________________________________________________________ 476 12.3.1 Core Classes ______________________________________________________________ 476 12.3.2 Content Management API ____________________________________________________ 479 12.3.3 Plugin Manager ____________________________________________________________ 484 12.3.4 Workflow System ___________________________________________________________ 494 12.3.5 Administration Toolkit ________________________________________________________ 495 12.3.6 E-person/Group Manager ____________________________________________________ 495 12.3.7 Authorization ______________________________________________________________ 496 12.3.8 Handle Manager/Handle Plugin ________________________________________________ 497 12.3.9 Search ___________________________________________________________________ 498 12.3.10Browse API _______________________________________________________________ 500 12.3.11Checksum checker _________________________________________________________ 503 12.3.12OpenSearch Support ________________________________________________________ 503 12.3.13Embargo Support __________________________________________________________ 505 12.4 DSpace Services Framework _______________________________________________________ 507 12.4.1 Architectural Overview _______________________________________________________ 507 12.4.2 Basic Usage _______________________________________________________________ 509 12.4.3 Providers and Plugins _______________________________________________________ 510 12.4.4 Core Services ______________________________________________________________ 511 12.4.5 Examples _________________________________________________________________ 512 12.4.6 Tutorials __________________________________________________________________ 513 12.5 Storage Layer ___________________________________________________________________ 513 12.5.1 RDBMS / Database Structure _________________________________________________ 513 12.5.2 Bitstream Store ____________________________________________________________ 516
DSpace 1.8 Documentation 13 Submission User Interface _____________________________________________________________ 522 13.1 Understanding the Submission Configuration File _______________________________________ 522 13.1.1 The Structure of item-submission.xml ___________________________________________ 522 13.1.2 Defining Steps ( <step> ) within the item-submission.xml ____________________________ 523 13.2 Reordering/Removing Submission Steps ______________________________________________ 525 13.3 Assigning a custom Submission Process to a Collection __________________________________ 526 13.3.1 Getting A Collection's Handle _________________________________________________ 529 13.4 Custom Metadata-entry Pages for Submission __________________________________________ 527 13.4.1 Introduction _______________________________________________________________ 527 13.4.2 Describing Custom Metadata Forms ____________________________________________ 528 13.4.3 The Structure of input-forms.xml _______________________________________________ 528 13.4.4 Deploying Your Custom Forms ________________________________________________ 533 13.5 Configuring the File Upload step _____________________________________________________ 533 13.6 Creating new Submission Steps _____________________________________________________ 533 13.6.1 Creating a Non-Interactive Step ________________________________________________ 534 14 DRI Schema Reference ________________________________________________________________ 536 14.1 Introduction _____________________________________________________________________ 536 14.1.1 The Purpose of DRI _________________________________________________________ 536 14.1.2 The Development of DRI _____________________________________________________ 536 14.2 DRI in Manakin __________________________________________________________________ 537 14.2.1 Themes __________________________________________________________________ 537 14.2.2 Aspect Chains _____________________________________________________________ 538 14.3 Common Design Patterns __________________________________________________________ 538 14.3.1 Localization and Internationalization ____________________________________________ 538 14.3.2 Standard attribute triplet ______________________________________________________ 539 14.3.3 Structure-oriented markup ____________________________________________________ 539 14.4 Schema Overview ________________________________________________________________ 540 14.5 Merging of DRI Documents _________________________________________________________ 541 14.6 Version Changes _________________________________________________________________ 542 14.6.1 Changes from 1.0 to 1.1 ______________________________________________________ 542
DSpace 1.8 Documentation 14.7 Element Reference _______________________________________________________________ 543 14.7.1 BODY ____________________________________________________________________ 547 14.7.2 cell ______________________________________________________________________ 548 14.7.3 div _______________________________________________________________________ 549 14.7.4 DOCUMENT ______________________________________________________________ 551 14.7.5 field ______________________________________________________________________ 551 14.7.6 figure ____________________________________________________________________ 553 14.7.7 head _____________________________________________________________________ 554 14.7.8 help _____________________________________________________________________ 555 14.7.9 hi _______________________________________________________________________ 556 14.7.10instance __________________________________________________________________ 557 14.7.11item _____________________________________________________________________ 557 14.7.12label _____________________________________________________________________ 558 14.7.13list ______________________________________________________________________ 560 14.7.14META ___________________________________________________________________ 561 14.7.15metadata _________________________________________________________________ 562 14.7.16OPTIONS ________________________________________________________________ 563 14.7.17p _______________________________________________________________________ 564 14.7.18pageMeta ________________________________________________________________ 565 14.7.19params __________________________________________________________________ 567 14.7.20reference _________________________________________________________________ 568 14.7.21referenceSet ______________________________________________________________ 569 14.7.22repository _________________________________________________________________ 570 14.7.23repositoryMeta _____________________________________________________________ 570 14.7.24row ______________________________________________________________________ 571 14.7.25table _____________________________________________________________________ 572 14.7.26trail ______________________________________________________________________ 574 14.7.27userMeta _________________________________________________________________ 574 14.7.28value ____________________________________________________________________ 576 14.7.29xref _____________________________________________________________________ 577 15 Appendices _________________________________________________________________________ 579 15.1 Appendix A _____________________________________________________________________ 579 15.1.1 Default Dublin Core Metadata Registry __________________________________________ 579 15.1.2 Default Bitstream Format Registry ______________________________________________ 581
DSpace 1.8 Documentation 16 History _____________________________________________________________________________ 584 16.1 Changes in DSpace 1.8.2 __________________________________________________________ 584 16.1.1 General Improvements _______________________________________________________ 637 16.1.2 Bug Fixes _________________________________________________________________ 623 16.2 Changes in DSpace 1.8.1 __________________________________________________________ 585 16.3 Changes in DSpace 1.8.0 __________________________________________________________ 586 16.3.1 New Features ______________________________________________________________ 621 16.4 Changes in DSpace 1.7.2 __________________________________________________________ 594 16.5 Changes in DSpace 1.7.1 __________________________________________________________ 595 16.6 Changes in DSpace 1.7.0 __________________________________________________________ 597 16.7 Changes in DSpace 1.6.2 __________________________________________________________ 607 16.8 Changes in DSpace 1.6.1 __________________________________________________________ 608 16.9 Changes in DSpace 1.6.0 __________________________________________________________ 611 16.10Changes in DSpace 1.5.2 _________________________________________________________ 621 16.11Changes in DSpace 1.5.1 _________________________________________________________ 628 16.11.1General Improvements and Bug Fixes __________________________________________ 628 16.12Changes in DSpace 1.5 ___________________________________________________________ 630 16.12.1Bug fixes and smaller patches ________________________________________________ 631 16.13Changes in DSpace 1.4.1 _________________________________________________________ 632 16.13.1Bug fixes _________________________________________________________________ 642 16.14Changes in DSpace 1.4 ___________________________________________________________ 633 16.15Changes in DSpace 1.3.2 _________________________________________________________ 635 16.16Changes in DSpace 1.3.1 _________________________________________________________ 635 16.17Changes in DSpace 1.3 ___________________________________________________________ 635 16.18Changes in DSpace 1.2.2 _________________________________________________________ 636 16.18.1Changes in JSPs ___________________________________________________________ 637 16.19Changes in DSpace 1.2.1 _________________________________________________________ 637 16.19.1Changed JSPs ____________________________________________________________ 638 16.20Changes in DSpace 1.2 ___________________________________________________________ 639 16.20.1General Improvments _______________________________________________________ 639 16.20.2Administration _____________________________________________________________ 639 16.20.3Import/Export/OAI __________________________________________________________ 639 16.20.4Miscellaneous _____________________________________________________________ 639 16.20.5JSP file changes between 1.1 and 1.2 __________________________________________ 640 16.21Changes in DSpace 1.1.1 _________________________________________________________ 642 16.21.1Improvements _____________________________________________________________ 642 16.22Changes in DSpace 1.1 ___________________________________________________________ 643
DSpace 1.8 Documentation
1 Preface
Online Version of Documentation also available
This documentation was produced with Confluence software. A PDF version was generated directly from Confluence. An online, updated version of this 1.8.0 Documentation is also available at:
https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/DSDOC18
1.1 Release Notes
Welcome to Release 1.8.0. The developers have volunteered many hours to fix, re-write and contribute new software code for this release. Documentation has also been updated.
The following is a list of the new features included for release 1.8.0 (not an exhaustive list):
Improvements to the upgrade and configuration process (see page 69) (sections of dspace.cfg have been split into separate configuration files).
. More Curation Tools/Plugins (see page 394)
. Configurable Workflow (see page 257)
. SWORD Client (see page 306)
. SWORDv2 Server Module (see page 313)
RSS feeds now support richer features, such as iTunes podcast and publishing to iTunesU (see new ).
"webui.feed.podcast.*" settings (see page 201) Enhancements to Discovery (see page 270).
Rewrite of Creative Commons licensing (see page 188) for the XMLUI.
. Reordering of bitstreams
. Enable virus checking during submission (see page 407)
. Ability to Withdraw/Reinstate/Delete Items in Bulk, via Batch Metadata Editing (see page 394)
A full list of all changes / bug fixes in 1.8.0 is available in the History (see page 584) section.
DSpace 1.8 Documentation The following people have contributed directly to this release of DSpace: Alex Lemann, Álvaro López, Andrea Schweer, Ben Bosman, Bill Hays, Bram De Schouwer, Bram Luyten, Brian Freels-Stendel, Claudia Jürgen, David Chandek-Stark, Denys Slipetskyy, Fabio Bolognesi, Gareth Waller, Hardik Mishra, Hardy Pottinger, Ivan Masár, James Russell, Janne Pietarila, Jason Stirnaman, Joonas Kesäniemi, Jordan Pišanc, Jose Blanco, Juan García, Kevin Van de Velde, Kim Shepherd, Konstantinos V. Paraskevopoulos 1, Lighton Phiri, Mark Diggory, Mark H. Wood, Nicholas Riley, Onivaldo Rosa Junior, Peter Dietz, Richard Rodgers, Robin Taylor, Ronee Francis, Samuel Ottenhoff, Scott Phillips, Stuart Lewis, Stuart Yeates, Terry Burton, Tim Donohue, Timo Aalto, Vladislav Zhivkov, Wendy Bossons. Many of them could not do this work without the support (release time and financial) of their associated institutions. We offer thanks to those institutions for supporting their staff to take time to contribute to the DSpace project.
A big thank you also goes out to the DSpace Community Advisory Team (DCAT), who helped the developers to prioritize and plan out several of the new features that made it into this release. The current DCAT members include: Amy Lana, Augustine Gitonga, Bram Luyten, Ciarán Walsh, Claire Bundy, Dibyendra Hyoju, Elena Feinstein, Elin Stangeland, Imma Subirats, Iryna Kuchma, Jennifer Laherty, Jim Ottaviani, Leonie Hayes, Maureen Walsh, Michael Guthrie, Sarah Shreeves, Sue Kunda, and Valorie Hollister.
We apologize to any contributor accidentally left off this list. DSpace has such a large, active development community that we sometimes lose track of all our contributors. Our ongoing list of all known people/institutions that have contributed to DSpace software can be found on our DSpace Contributors page. Acknowledgements to those left off will be made in future releases.
All you have to do is report an issue, fix a bug, Want to see your name appear in our list of contributors?
improve our documentation or help us determine the necessary requirements for a new feature! Visit our Issue to report a bug, or join to take part in development work. If you'd like to help Tracker dspace-devel mailing list
improve our current documentation, please get in touch with one of our Committers with your ideas. You don't even need to be a developer! Repository managers can also get involved by volunteering to join the DSpace
and helping our developers to plan new features.
Community Advisory Team
The Documentation Gardener for this release was Jeffrey Trimble with input from everyone. All typos are his fault.
Robin Taylor was the Release Coordinator of this release with immeasurable help from the DSpace Technical Lead Tim Donohue.
Additional thanks to Tim Donohue from DuraSpace for keeping all of us focused on the work at hand, and calming us when we got excited and for the general support for the DSpace project.
DSpace 1.8 Documentation
2 Introduction
DSpace is an open source software platform that enables organisations to:
capture and describe digital material using a submission workflow module, or a variety of programmatic ingest options
distribute an organisation's digital assets over the web through a search and retrieval system preserve digital assets over the long term
This system documentation includes a functional overview of the system (see page 19), which is a good introduction to the capabilities of the system, and should be readable by non-technical folk. Everyone should read this section first because it introduces some terminology used throughout the rest of the documentation.
For people actually running a DSpace service, there is an installation guide (see page 38), and sections on
and the .
configuration (see page 137) directory structure (see page 453)
Finally, for those interested in the details of how DSpace works, and those potentially interested in modifying the code for their own purposes, there is a detailed architecture and design section (see page 459).
Other good sources of information are:
The DSpace Public API Javadocs. Build these with the command mvn javadoc:javadoc
The DSpace Wiki contains stacks of useful information about the DSpace platform and the work people are doing with it. You are strongly encouraged to visit this site and add information about your own work.
Useful Wiki areas are:
(Web sites, mailing lists etc.) A list of DSpace resources
Technical FAQ
A list of projects using DSpace
Guidelines for contributing back to DSpace
has announcements and contains useful information about bringing up an instance of www.dspace.org
DSpace at your organization.
The DSpace General List. Join DSpace-General to ask questions or join discussions about non-technical aspects of building and running a DSpace service. It is open to all DSpace users. Ask questions, share news, and spark discussion about DSpace with people managing other DSpace sites. Watch
DSpace-General for news of software releases, user conferences, and announcements from the DSpace Federation.
The DSpace Technical List. DSpace developers help answer installation and technology questions, share information and help each other solve technical problems through the DSpace-Tech mailing list. Post
DSpace 1.8 Documentation The DSpace Development List. Join Discussions among DSpace Developers. The DSpace-Devel listserv is for DSpace developers working on the DSpace platform to share ideas and discuss code changes to the open source platform. Join other developers to shape the evolution of the DSpace software. The DSpace community depends on its members to frame functional requirements and high-level architecture, and to facilitate programming, testing, documentation and to the project.
DSpace 1.8 Documentation
3 Functional Overview
The following sections describe the various functional aspects of the DSpace system.
3.1 Data Model
Data Model Diagram
DSpace 1.8 Documentation Communities contain collections, which are groupings of related content. A collection may appear in more than one community.
Each collection is composed of items, which are the basic archival elements of the archive. Each item is owned by one collection. Additionally, an item may appear in additional collections; however every item has one and only one owning collection.
Items are further subdivided into named bundles of bitstreams. Bitstreams are, as the name suggests, streams of bits, usually ordinary computer files. Bitstreams that are somehow closely related, for example HTML files and images that compose a single HTML document, are organized into bundles.
In practice, most items tend to have these named bundles:
– the bundle with the original, deposited bitstreams ORIGINAL
– thumbnails of any image bitstreams THUMBNAILS
– extracted full-text from bitstreams in ORIGINAL, for indexing TEXT
– contains the deposit license that the submitter granted the host organization; in other words, LICENSE
specifies the rights that the hosting organization have
– contains the distribution license, if any (a license) associated with the
CC_LICENSE Creative Commons
item. This license specifies what end users downloading the content can do with the content
Each bitstream is associated with one Bitstream Format. Because preservation services may be an important aspect of the DSpace service, it is important to capture the specific formats of files that users submit. In DSpace, a bitstream format is a unique and consistent way to refer to a particular file format. An integral part of a
bitstream format is an either implicit or explicit notion of how material in that format can be interpreted. For example, the interpretation for bitstreams encoded in the JPEG standard for still image compression is defined explicitly in the Standard ISO/IEC 10918-1. The interpretation of bitstreams in Microsoft Word 2000 format is defined implicitly, through reference to the Microsoft Word 2000 application. Bitstream formats can be more specific than MIME types or file suffixes. For example, application/ms-word and .doc span multiple versions of the Microsoft Word application, each of which produces bitstreams with presumably different characteristics.
Each bitstream format additionally has a support level, indicating how well the hosting institution is likely to be able to preserve content in the format in the future. There are three possible support levels that bitstream formats may be assigned by the hosting institution. The host institution should determine the exact meaning of each support level, after careful consideration of costs and requirements. MIT Libraries' interpretation is shown below:
Supported The format is recognized, and the hosting institution is confident it can make bitstreams of this format usable in the future, using whatever combination of techniques (such as migration, emulation, etc.) is appropriate given the context of need.
Known The format is recognized, and the hosting institution will promise to preserve the bitstream as-is, and allow it to be retrieved. The hosting institution will attempt to obtain enough information to enable the format to be upgraded to the 'supported' level.
DSpace 1.8 Documentation
Unsupported The format is unrecognized, but the hosting institution will undertake to preserve the bitstream as-is and allow it to be retrieved.
Each item has one qualified Dublin Core metadata record. Other metadata might be stored in an item as a serialized bitstream, but we store Dublin Core for every item for interoperability and ease of discovery. The Dublin Core may be entered by end-users as they submit content, or it might be derived from other metadata as part of an ingest process.
Items can be removed from DSpace in one of two ways: They may be 'withdrawn', which means they remain in the archive but are completely hidden from view. In this case, if an end-user attempts to access the withdrawn item, they are presented with a 'tombstone,' that indicates the item has been removed. For whatever reason, an item may also be 'expunged' if necessary, in which case all traces of it are removed from the archive.
Object Example
Community Laboratory of Computer Science; Oceanographic Research Center Collection LCS Technical Reports; ORC Statistical Data Sets
Item A technical report; a data set with accompanying description; a video recording of a lecture Bundle A group of HTML and image bitstreams making up an HTML document
Bitstream A single HTML file; a single image file; a source code file Bitstream Format Microsoft Word version 6.0; JPEG encoded image format
3.2 Plugin Manager
The PluginManager is a very simple component container. It creates and organizes components (plugins), and helps select a plugin in the cases where there are many possible choices. It also gives some limited control over the lifecycle of a plugin.
A plugin is defined by a Java interface. The consumer of a plugin asks for its plugin by interface. A Plugin is an instance of any class that implements the plugin interface. It is interchangeable with other implementations, so that any of them may be "plugged in".
The mediafilter is a simple example of a plugin implementation. Refer to the Business Logic Layer (see page for more details on Plugins.
476)
3.3 Metadata
DSpace 1.8 Documentation : DSpace can support multiple flat metadata schemas for describing an item. A Descriptive Metadata
qualified Dublin Core metadata schema loosely based on the Library Application Profile set of elements and qualifiers is provided by default. The set of elements and qualifiers used by MIT Libraries comes pre-configured with the DSpace source code. However, you can configure multiple schemas and select metadata fields from a mix of configured schemas to describe your items. Other descriptive metadata about items (e.g. metadata described in a hierarchical schema) may be held in serialized bitstreams.
and have some simple descriptive metadata (a name, and some descriptive Communities collections
prose), held in the DBMS.
: This includes preservation metadata, provenance and authorization policy Administrative Metadata
data. Most of this is held within DSpace's relational DBMS schema. Provenance metadata (prose) is stored in Dublin Core records. Additionally, some other administrative metadata (for example, bitstream byte sizes and MIME types) is replicated in Dublin Core records so that it is easily accessible outside of DSpace.
: This includes information about how to present an item, or bitstreams within an Structural Metadata
item, to an end-user, and the relationships between constituent parts of the item. As an example, consider a thesis consisting of a number of TIFF images, each depicting a single page of the thesis.
Structural metadata would include the fact that each image is a single page, and the ordering of the TIFF images/pages. Structural metadata in DSpace is currently fairly basic; within an item, bitstreams can be arranged into separate bundles as described above. A bundle may also optionally have a primary
. This is currently used by the HTML support to indicate which bitstream in the bundle is the first bitstream
HTML file to send to a browser. In addition to some basic technical metadata, a bitstream also has a 'sequence ID' that uniquely identifies it within an item. This is used to produce a 'persistent' bitstream identifier for each bitstream. Additional structural metadata can be stored in serialized bitstreams, but DSpace does not currently understand this natively.
3.4 Packager Plugins
are software modules that translate between DSpace Item objects and a self-contained external Packagers
representation, or "package". A Package Ingester interprets, or ingests, the package and creates an Item. A writes out the contents of an Item in the package format.
Package Disseminator
A package is typically an archive file such as a Zip or "tar" file, including a manifest document which contains metadata and a description of the package contents. The IMS Content Package is a typical packaging standard.
A package might also be a single document or media file that contains its own metadata, such as a PDF document with embedded descriptive metadata.
Package ingesters and package disseminators are each a type of named plugin (see Plugin Manager (see page ), so it is easy to add new packagers specific to the needs of your site. You do not have to supply both an 21)
ingester and disseminator for each format; it is perfectly acceptable to just implement one of them.
Most packager plugins call upon Crosswalk Plugins (see page 23) to translate the metadata between DSpace's object model and the package format.
DSpace 1.8 Documentation More information about calling Packagers to ingest or disseminate content can be found in the Package Importer
section of the System Administration documentation.
and Exporter (see page )
3.5 Crosswalk Plugins
are software modules that translate between DSpace object metadata and a specific external Crosswalks
representation. An Ingestion Crosswalk interprets the external format and crosswalks it to DSpace's internal data structure, while a Dissemination Crosswalk does the opposite.
For example, a MODS ingestion crosswalk translates descriptive metadata from the MODS format to the metadata fields on a DSpace Item. A MODS dissemination crosswalk generates a MODS document from the metadata on a DSpace Item.
Crosswalk plugins are named plugins (see Plugin Manager (see page 21)), so it is easy to add new crosswalks. You do not have to supply both an ingester and disseminator for each format; it is perfectly acceptable to just implement one of them.
There is also a special pair of crosswalk plugins which use XSL stylesheets to translate the external metadata to or from an internal DSpace format. You can add and modify XSLT crosswalks simply by editing the DSpace configuration and the stylesheets, which are stored in files in the DSpace installation directory.
The Packager plugins and OAH-PMH server make use of crosswalk plugins.
3.6 E-People and Groups
Although many of DSpace's functions such as document discovery and retrieval can be used anonymously, some features (and perhaps some documents) are only available to certain "privileged" users. E-People and Groups are the way DSpace identifies application users for the purpose of granting privileges. This identity is bound to a session of a DSpace application such as the Web UI or one of the command-line batch programs.
Both E-People and Groups are granted privileges by the authorization system described below.
3.6.1 E-Person
DSpace holds the following information about each e-person:
E-mail address First and last names
Whether the user is able to log in to the system via the Web UI, and whether they must use an X509
DSpace 1.8 Documentation Whether the e-person 'self-registered' with the system; that is, whether the system created the e-person record automatically as a result of the end-user independently registering with the system, as opposed to the e-person record being generated from the institution's personnel database, for example.
The network ID for the corresponding LDAP record, if LDAP authentication is used for this E-Person.
3.6.2 Groups
Groups are another kind of entity that can be granted permissions in the authorization system. A group is usually an explicit list of E-People; anyone identified as one of those E-People also gains the privileges granted to the group.
However, an application session can be assigned membership in a group without being identified as an E-Person. For example, some sites use this feature to identify users of a local network so they can read restricted materials not open to the whole world. Sessions originating from the local network are given membership in the "LocalUsers" group and gain the corresponding privileges.
Administrators can also use groups as "roles" to manage the granting of privileges more efficiently.
3.7 Authentication
is when an application session positively identifies itself as belonging to an E-Person and/or Authentication
Group. In DSpace 1.4 and later, it is implemented by a mechanism called Stackable Authentication: the DSpace configuration declares a "stack" of authentication methods. An application (like the Web UI) calls on the
Authentication Manager, which tries each of these methods in turn to identify the E-Person to which the session belongs, as well as any extra Groups. The E-Person authentication methods are tried in turn until one succeeds.
Every authenticator in the stack is given a chance to assign extra Groups. This mechanism offers the following advantages:
Separates authentication from the Web user interface so the same authentication methods are used for other applications such as non-interactive Web Services
Improved modularity: The authentication methods are all independent of each other. Custom authentication methods can be "stacked" on top of the default DSpace username/password method.
Cleaner support for "implicit" authentication where username is found in the environment of a Web request, e.g. in an X.509 client certificate.
3.8 Authorization
DSpace 1.8 Documentation DSpace's authorization system is based on associating actions with objects and the lists of EPeople who can perform them. The associations are called Resource Policies, and the lists of EPeople are called Groups. There are two built-in groups: 'Administrators', who can do anything in a site, and 'Anonymous', which is a list that contains all users. Assigning a policy for an action on an object to anonymous means giving everyone
permission to do that action. (For example, most objects in DSpace sites have a policy of 'anonymous' READ.) Permissions must be explicit - lack of an explicit permission results in the default policy of 'deny'. Permissions also do not 'commute'; for example, if an e-person has READ permission on an item, they might not necessarily have READ permission on the bundles and bitstreams in that item. Currently Collections, Communities and Items are discoverable in the browse and search systems regardless of READ authorization.
The following actions are possible:
Collection
ADD/REMOVE add or remove items (ADD = permission to submit items) DEFAULT_ITEM_READ inherited as READ by all submitted items
DEFAULT_BITSTREAM_READ inherited as READ by Bitstreams of all submitted items. Note: only affects Bitstreams of an item at the time it is initially submitted. If a Bitstream is added later, it does not get the same default read policy.
COLLECTION_ADMIN collection admins can edit items in a collection, withdraw items, map other items into this collection.
Item
ADD/REMOVE add or remove bundles
READ can view item (item metadata is always viewable) WRITE can modify item
Bundle
ADD/REMOVE add or remove bitstreams to a bundle Bitstream
READ view bitstream WRITE modify bitstream
DSpace 1.8 Documentation Policies can apply to individual e-people or groups of e-people.
3.9 Ingest Process and Workflow
Rather than being a single subsystem, ingesting is a process that spans several. Below is a simple illustration of the current ingesting process in DSpace.
DSpace Ingest Process
The batch item importer is an application, which turns an external SIP (an XML metadata document with some content files) into an "in progress submission" object. The Web submission UI is similarly used by an end-user to assemble an "in progress submission" object.
Depending on the policy of the collection to which the submission in targeted, a workflow process may be started. This typically allows one or more human reviewers or 'gatekeepers' to check over the submission and ensure it is suitable for inclusion in the collection.
When the Batch Ingester or Web Submit UI completes the InProgressSubmission object, and invokes the next stage of ingest (be that workflow or item installation), a provenance message is added to the Dublin Core which includes the filenames and checksums of the content of the submission. Likewise, each time a workflow
changes state (e.g. a reviewer accepts the submission), a similar provenance statement is added. This allows us to track how the item has changed since a user submitted it.
Once any workflow process is successfully and positively completed, the InProgressSubmission object is consumed by an "item installer", that converts the InProgressSubmission into a fully blown archived item in DSpace. The item installer:
Assigns an accession date
Adds a "date.available" value to the Dublin Core metadata record of the item
DSpace 1.8 Documentation Adds a provenance message (including bitstream checksums)
Assigns a Handle persistent identifier
Adds the item to the target collection, and adds appropriate authorization policies Adds the new item to the search and browse index
3.9.1 Workflow Steps
A collection's workflow can have up to three steps. Each collection may have an associated e-person group for performing each step; if no group is associated with a certain step, that step is skipped. If a collection has no e-person groups associated with any step, submissions to that collection are installed straight into the main archive.
In other words, the sequence is this: The collection receives a submission. If the collection has a group assigned for workflow step 1, that step is invoked, and the group is notified. Otherwise, workflow step 1 is skipped.
Likewise, workflow steps 2 and 3 are performed if and only if the collection has a group assigned to those steps.
When a step is invoked, the submission is put into the 'task pool' of the step's associated group. One member of that group takes the task from the pool, and it is then removed from the task pool, to avoid the situation where several people in the group may be performing the same task without realizing it.
The member of the group who has taken the task from the pool may then perform one of three actions:
Workflow Step
Possible actions
1 Can accept submission for inclusion, or reject submission.
2 Can edit metadata provided by the user with the submission, but cannot change the submitted files. Can accept submission for inclusion, or reject submission.
3 Can edit metadata provided by the user with the submission, but cannot change the submitted files. Must then commit to archive; may not reject submission.
DSpace 1.8 Documentation Submission Workflow in DSpace
If a submission is rejected, the reason (entered by the workflow participant) is e-mailed to the submitter, and it is returned to the submitter's 'My DSpace' page. The submitter can then make any necessary modifications and re-submit, whereupon the process starts again.
If a submission is 'accepted', it is passed to the next step in the workflow. If there are no more workflow steps with associated groups, the submission is installed in the main archive.
One last possibility is that a workflow can be 'aborted' by a DSpace site administrator. This is accomplished using the administration UI.
The reason for this apparently arbitrary design is that is was the simplest case that covered the needs of the early adopter communities at MIT. The functionality of the workflow system will no doubt be extended in the future.
3.10 Supervision and Collaboration
In order to facilitate, as a primary objective, the opportunity for thesis authors to be supervised in the preparation of their e-theses, a supervision order system exists to bind groups of other users (thesis supervisors) to an item in someone's pre-submission workspace. The bound group can have system policies associated with it that allow different levels of interaction with the student's item; a small set of default policy groups are provided:
Full editorial control View item contents No policies
Once the default set has been applied, a system administrator may modify them as they would any other policy set in DSpace
This functionality could also be used in situations where researchers wish to collaborate on a particular submission, although there is no particular collaborative workspace functionality.
3.11 Handles
Researchers require a stable point of reference for their works. The simple evolution from sharing of citations to emailing of URLs broke when Web users learned that sites can disappear or be reconfigured without notice, and that their bookmark files containing critical links to research results couldn't be trusted in the long term. To help solve this problem, a core DSpace feature is the creation of a persistent identifier for every item, collection and community stored in DSpace. To persist identifiers, DSpace requires a storage- and location- independent mechanism for creating and maintaining identifiers. DSpace uses the CNRI Handle System for creating these identifiers. The rest of this section assumes a basic familiarity with the Handle system.
DSpace 1.8 Documentation DSpace uses Handles primarily as a means of assigning globally unique identifiers to objects. Each site running DSpace needs to obtain a unique Handle 'prefix' from CNRI, so we know that if we create identifiers with that prefix, they won't clash with identifiers created elsewhere.
Presently, Handles are assigned to communities, collections, and items. Bundles and bitstreams are not assigned Handles, since over time, the way in which an item is encoded as bits may change, in order to allow access with future technologies and devices. Older versions may be moved to off-line storage as a new standard becomes de facto. Since it's usually the item that is being preserved, rather than the particular bit encoding, it only makes sense to persistently identify and allow access to the item, and allow users to access the appropriate bit encoding from there.
Of course, it may be that a particular bit encoding of a file is explicitly being preserved; in this case, the bitstream could be the only one in the item, and the item's Handle would then essentially refer just to that bitstream. The same bitstream can also be included in other items, and thus would be citable as part of a greater item, or individually.
The Handle system also features a global resolution infrastructure; that is, an end-user can enter a Handle into any service (e.g. Web page) that can resolve Handles, and the end-user will be directed to the object (in the case of DSpace, community, collection or item) identified by that Handle. In order to take advantage of this feature of the Handle system, a DSpace site must also run a 'Handle server' that can accept and resolve incoming resolution requests. All the code for this is included in the DSpace source code bundle.
Handles can be written in two forms:
hdl:1721.123/4567
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.123/4567
The above represent the same Handle. The first is possibly more convenient to use only as an identifier;
however, by using the second form, any Web browser becomes capable of resolving Handles. An end-user need only access this form of the Handle as they would any other URL. It is possible to enable some browsers to resolve the first form of Handle as if they were standard URLs using CNRI's Handle Resolver plug-in, but since the first form can always be simply derived from the second, DSpace displays Handles in the second form, so that it is more useful for end-users.
It is important to note that DSpace uses the CNRI Handle infrastructure only at the 'site' level. For example, in the above example, the DSpace site has been assigned the prefix '1721.123'. It is still the responsibility of the DSpace site to maintain the association between a full Handle (including the '4567' local part) and the
community, collection or item in question.
3.12 Bitstream 'Persistent' Identifiers
DSpace 1.8 Documentation Similar to handles for DSpace items, bitstreams also have 'Persistent' identifiers. They are more volatile than Handles, since if the content is moved to a different server or organization, they will no longer work (hence the quotes around 'persistent'). However, they are more easily persisted than the simple URLs based on database primary key previously used. This means that external systems can more reliably refer to specific bitstreams stored in a DSpace instance.
Each bitstream has a sequence ID, unique within an item. This sequence ID is used to create a persistent ID, of the form:
dspace url/bitstream/handle/sequence ID/filename
For example:
https://dspace.myu.edu/bitstream/123.456/789/24/foo.html
The above refers to the bitstream with sequence ID 24 in the item with the Handle hdl:123.456/789. The foo.html is really just there as a hint to browsers: Although DSpace will provide the appropriate MIME type, some
browsers only function correctly if the file has an expected extension.
3.13 Storage Resource Broker (SRB) Support
DSpace offers two means for storing bitstreams. The first is in the file system on the server. The second is using . Both are achieved using a simple, lightweight API.
SRB (Storage Resource Broker)
SRB is purely an option but may be used in lieu of the server's file system or in addition to the file system.
Without going into a full description, SRB is a very robust, sophisticated storage manager that offers essentially unlimited storage and straightforward means to replicate (in simple terms, backup) the content on other local or remote storage resources.
3.14 Search and Browse
DSpace allows end-users to discover content in a number of ways, including:
Via external reference, such as a Handle
Searching for one or more keywords in metadata or extracted full-text
