Foto: Sepp Kipfstuhl

(1)

How can ice science satisfy the public attention in a

warmer world?

AWI ice science

(re-presented by Frank Wilhelms)

ILTS International Symposium

„Frontier of Low Temperature Science“

Sapporo, 9-10. November 2009

(2)

Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, Cambridge University Press, 2004

When will the Northern Sea Route

be open?

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

EM Bird on Polar 5

(8)

5190 km

1500 km

(9)

How much will sea level rise at our shores in 100 years?

IPPC, 4th AR, chap. 5, Cambridge University Press, 2007

(10)

Sea level from observations

IPPC, 4th AR, chap. 5, Cambridge University Press, 2007 Short term trend of sea level

Short term trend of thermal expansion

Long term trend of sea level

Long term trend of thermal expansion

(11)

The Cryosphere

(12)

Contributions to sea level

Reference 1993–2003

1961–2003 Source

0.3 ± 1.0 0.7 ± 0.7

Difference (Observed –Sum)

Section 5.5.2.2 3.1 ± 0.7

Section 5.5.2.1 1.8 ± 0.5

Observed

2.8 ± 0.7 1.1 ± 0.5

Sum

Section 4.6.2 0.21 ± 0.35

0.14 ± 0.41 Antarctic Ice Sheet

Section 4.6.2 0.21 ± 0.07

0.05 ± 0.12 Greenland Ice Sheet

Section 4.5 0.77 ± 0.22

0.50 ± 0.18 Glaciers and Ice Caps

Section 5.5.3 1.6 ± 0.5

0.42 ± 0.12 Thermal Expansion

Sea Level Rise (mm yr^–1)

(13)

graphics: Oerter, 2004

(14)

Vegetation Weathering

Earth System Model at the AWI

ECHAM5

OASIS

MPI-OM

New modules:

Ice sheets model:

Mass balance & sea level Ice-ocean interaction Permafrost

Biogeochemistry/Ecosystem

(based on Recom)

• marine biogeochemical cycles

• continental weathering input

• sediment module

HAMOCC5

Chemistry

Isotope Proxy Models Ice

Sheets

Model Isotope modules:

Ice cores, Forams, Stalagmites

Modules (following COSMOS)

(15)

Isotope transport in the Earth System

(16)

The

¹⁸

O Signal in Precipitation: Observations vs. Simulation

(17)

(18)

zonal view meridional view

Tracer Trajectory simulation on Greenland Ice Sheet

(19)

Mapping of ice thickness and internal structure of ice sheets with the electromagnetic reflection method

Steinhageet.al., Journal of Applied Geophysics47 (3-4), pp. 183-189, 2001

POLAR 2 (D-CAWI)

(20)

volcanic horizons

15 cm

in 810 m depth (EDML)

(approx. 20 000 years old)

Foto: Sepp Kipfstuhl

(21)

Internal structure of ice sheets

(22)

(23)

(24)

Deep ice cores in Antarctica and Greenland

Antarctic Digital Database, Ekholm, 1998, maps by Steinhage with modifications

E

N N N N N

Station Nord

Camp Century Thule

Dye3 NGRIP

GISP2 GRIP

Kangerlussuaq

Kulusuk

Constable Pynt Renland

Nuuk

Narssarssuaq Camp Raven

Dome C Vostok South Pole

Casey

Dumont d’Urville Mario Zucchelli

McMurdo

Syowa Halley

Neumayer

Kohnen

Dome Fuji

Davis Mirny Molodezhnaya

Zhongshan

Byrd

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Internal horizons at ice core drill sites

(26)

Internal horizons at ice core drill sites

(27)

Internal horizons at ice core drill sites

(28)

Linking Ice Cores

and

surveys in East

Antarctica

map: Daniel Steinhage

data: Antarctic Digital Database

Dome C Vostok South Pole

Casey

Dumont d’Urville Mario Zucchelli

McMurdo

Syowa Halley

Neumayer

Kohnen

Dome Fuji

Dome Argus

Davis Mirny Molodezhnaya

Zhongshan

Talos Dome

POLAR 5 (C-GAWI)

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bi-refringence

ordinary + extra ordinary

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu with polarizer

ordinary

polarizer 90°

extra ordinary (calcspar)

(30)

1 mm

(Kohnen, Sommer 2003)

Fotos: Sepp Kipfstuhl

Antarctic snow crystals

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

(31)

Birefringence of Ice

Matsuoka et al., GRL, 1998 http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/ice1h.html

(32)

c-axis-

orientation

in the EDML ice core

Hamann et al., pers comm.

(33)

(34)

FDTD synthetic radar traces

T raveltime (µs )

S₂: GA P _ice=3.09

S₄: GA P _ice=3.09

S₃: DE P _ice=3.09

S ‘₃: DE P _ice=3.20

S ‘₅ _ice=3.20

2 3 4 5 10 15 20 25

S₁: DE P _ice=3.09

R₁: 023150

R₂: 033042

Eisen et.al., 2006

(35)

Genesis of radar reflectors

Eisen et al.,

The Cryosphere, 2007

(36)

Crystal orientation fabrics (COF)

1755 m 2036 m 2046 m

Eisen et al., The Cryosphere, 2007

(37)

Modelling of ice sheets (local)

(38)

(39)

X-ray Laue diffraction

Miyamoto et al., Ann. Glaciol., 42, 2005

(40)

X-ray Laue diffraction and microstructure mapping

Weikusat, Miyamoto, Faria, Kipfstuhl, Azuma & Hondoh, submitted

(41)

(42)

(43)

X-ray

tomography

Freitag, Wilhelms, Kipfstuhl, JGlaciol, 2004

(44)

Kawamura et al., 2007

Orbital Tuning of ice cores

(45)

Foto: Sepp Kipfstuhl

How can ice science satisfy the public attention in a

warmer world?

AWI ice science

(re-presented by Frank Wilhelms)

When will the Northern Sea Route

be open?

EM Bird on Polar 5

How much will sea level rise at our shores in 100 years?

Sea level from observations

The Cryosphere

Contributions to sea level

Earth System Model at the AWI

The

O Signal in Precipitation: Observations vs. Simulation

Mapping of ice thickness and internal structure of ice sheets with the electromagnetic reflection method

volcanic horizons

15 cm

in 810 m depth (EDML)

(approx. 20 000 years old)

Internal structure of ice sheets

Deep ice cores in Antarctica and Greenland

Internal horizons at ice core drill sites

Internal horizons at ice core drill sites

Internal horizons at ice core drill sites

Linking Ice Cores

and

surveys in East

Antarctica

bi-refringence

Antarctic snow crystals

Birefringence of Ice

c-axis-

orientation

in the EDML ice core

FDTD synthetic radar traces

Genesis of radar reflectors

Crystal orientation fabrics (COF)

Modelling of ice sheets (local)

X-ray Laue diffraction

X-ray Laue diffraction and microstructure mapping

X-ray

tomography

Orbital Tuning of ice cores

Summary (Frontiers in Low Temperature Science) – my own opinion

Understand the micro-physical properties of ice and its pore-space

apply them to a better understanding of the behaviour of ice sheets under

different environmental conditions apply them to a better founded

reconstruction of proxies of past

environmental conditions