Supplemental Tables
Supplemental Table 1. Comparison of texture features before and after treatment in group T (treatment with tocilizumab) and in group non-T (treatment without tocilizumab).
Texture feature GROUP T
BEFORE Group T after p value Group non-T
before Group non-T
after p value
Mean attenuation
(HU) 299.33 ± 200.57 -468.58 ± 227.04 <0.0001 -475.69 ± 131.97 -323.22 ± 155.38 <0.0001
Standard deviation
(HU) 208.56 ± 42.96 250.13 ± 69.42 <0.0001 220.99 ± 51.53 248.61 ± 51.66 0.0004
Skewness -0.22 ± 0.69 0.38 ± 0.84 <0.0001 0.75 ± 0.72 0.02 ± 0.86 <0.0001
Kurtosis 0.73 ± 1.40 0.47 ± 1.33 0.1504 0.63 ± 2.5 0.08 ± 1.76 0.0723
Entropy 6.25 ± 0.32 6.35 ± 0.39 0.0146 6.11 ± 0.49 6.32 ± 0.36 0.0043
Energy 0.016 ± 0.004 0.015 ± 0.005 0.1321 0.018 ± 0.008 0.015 ± 0.005 0.0405
GLCM
Homogeneity 0.14 ± 0.02 0.15 ± 0.03 <0.0001 0.15 ± 0.03 0.16 ± 0,03 0.0600
GLCM Energy 0.0006 ± 0.0003 0.002 ± 0.023 0.9992 0.001 ± 0.001 0.0005 ± 0.0002 0.0016
GLCM Contrast 431.09 ± 184.68 413,11 ± 272.24 0.0031 424.51 ± 174.16 342.16 ± 173.20 0.0002
GLCM Correlation 0.48 ± 0.17 0.65 ± 0.18 <0.0001 0.57 ± 0.12 0.69 ± 0.14 <0.0001
GLCM Entropy 11.06 ± 0.63 11,01 ± 0.89 0.8484 10.67 ± 1.16 11.39 ± 0.60 0.0001
GLCM
Dissimilarity 15.76 ± 3.37 14.84 ± 4.45 <0.0001 15.35 ± 3.53 13.75 ± 3.36 0.0023
GLRLM Short-Run
Emphasis 0.983 ± 0.004 0.980 ± 0.005 <0.0001 0.984 ± 0.005 0.980 ± 0.006 <0.0001
GLRLM Long-Run
Emphasis 1.07 ± 0.02 1.09 ± 0.02 <0.0001 1.07 ± 0.02 1.08 ± 0.03 <0.0001
GLRLM Low Grey-Level Emphasis
0.005 ± 0.009 0.013 ± 0.014 <0.0001 0.0007 ± 0.0002 0.0004 ± 0.0003 <0.0001
GLRLM High Grey-Level Emphasis
5841.84 ± 2680.77
4079.70 ±
2863.23 <0.0001 3581.32 ± 1618.74
5715.14 ±
2187.35 <0.0001
GLRLM Short-Run Low Grey-level Emphasis
0.005 ± 0.008 0.012 ± 0.012 <0.0001 0.0007 ± 0.0002 0.0004 ± 0.0002 <0.0001
GLRLM Short-Run High Grey-level Emphasis
5744.45 ± 2628.29
4013.57 ±
2816.74 <0.0001 3531.24 ± 1599.04
5601.23 ±
2146.03 <0.0001
GLRLM Long-Run Low-Grey-level Emphasis
0.0081 ± 0.0149 0.0180 ± 0.0231 <0.0001 0.0007 ± 0.0003 0.0005 ± 0.0003 <0.0001
GLRLM Long-Run High-Grey-level Emphasis
6255.49 ± 2915.57
4355.81 ±
3061.53 <0.0001 3788.73 ± 1700.66
6204.27 ±
2371.82 <0.0001
GLRLM Grey- Level Non-
Uniformity 49.34 ± 45.91 45.46 ± 38.21 0.4263 37.53 ± 19.24 74.43 ± 42.80 <0.0001
GLRLM Run- Length Non- Uniformity
2946.46 ± 2448.18
3100.88 ±
2900.11 0.9849 2287.97 ±
1368.18
4707.27 ±
2479.04 <0.0001
GLRLM Run
Percentage 0.98 ± 0.01 0.97 ± 0.01 <0.0001 0.98 ± 0.01 0.97 ± 0.01 <0.0001
NGLDM
Coarseness 0.0035 ± 0.0025 0.0042 ± 0.0034 0.1597 0.0058 ± 0.0088 0.0030 ± 0.0043 <0.0001
NGLDM Contrast 0.76 ± 0.3 0.92 ± 0.4 0.0005 1.14 ± 0.4 0.95 ± 0.38 0.0005
NGLDM Busyness 0.07 ± 0.09 0.1 ± 0.12 <0.0001 0.1 ± 0.05 0.1 ± 0.07 0.2869
GLZLM Short-
Zone Emphasis 0.93 ± 0.03 0.92 ± 0.02 <0.0001 0.93 ± 0.04 0.92 ± 0.02 <0.0001
GLZLM Long-
Zone Emphasis 1.32 ± 0.11 1.4 ± 0.13 <0.0001 1.3 ± 0.12 1.39 ± 0.17 <0.0001
GLZLM Low Grey- Level Zone
Emphasis 0.0042 ± 0.0065 0.01 ± 0.01 <0.0001 0.0007 ± 0.0002 0.0004 ± 0.0002 <0.0001
GLZLM High Grey-level Zone Emphasis
5820.89 ±
2658.30 4094.96 ±
2833.73 <0.0001 3579.62 ±
1608.54 5691.44 ±
2171.70 <0.0001
GLZLM Short- Zone Low Grey-
level Emphasis 0.0034 ± 0.0052 0.0086 ± 0.0079 <0.0001 0.0006 ± 0.0002 0.0004 ± 0.0002 <0.0001
GLZLM Short- Zone High Grey- level Emphasis
5447.04 ±
2456.87 3841.95 ±
2658.85 <0.0001 3387.59 ±
1534.60 5275.85 ±
2018.23 <0.0001
GLZLM Long- Zone Low Grey-
level Emphasis 0.02 ± 0.06 0.04 ± 0.07 <0.0001 0.0009 ± 0.0004 0.0006 ± 0.0004 <0.0001
GLZLM Long- Zone High Grey- level Emphasis
7674.66 ±
3770.01 5343.08 ±
3759.45 <0.0001 4493.45 ±
1976.51 8005.56 ±
3207.25 <0.0001
GLZLM Grey- Level Non-
Uniformity 44.74 ± 41.06 40.34 ± 33.3 0.2744 34.55 ± 17.88 67.56 ± 38.94 <0.0001
GLZLM Zone Length Non- Uniformity
2395.79 ±
1929.66 2470.82 ±
2268.27 0.8273 1914.36 ±
1204.02 3805.53 ±
2057.01 <0.0001
GLZLM Zone
Percentage 0.92 ± 0.05 0.90 ± 0.03 <0.0001 0.92 ± 0.08 0.90 ± 0.03 <0.0001 Note.—HU: Hounsfield units. GLCM: Grey-Level Co-occurrence Matrix. GLRLM: Grey-Level Run Length Matrix. NGLDM:
Neighborhood Grey-Level Different Matrix. GLZLM: Grey-Level Zone Length Matrix.
Supplemental Table 2. Interobserver variability for texture analysis of parenchymal lesions in COVID-19 pneumonia.
Texture Feature ICC 95% CONFIDENCE
INTERVAL p value
Mean attenuation (HU) 0.925 0.316 – 0.980 <0.001
Standard deviation (HU) 0.672 0.189 – 0.909 <0.001
Skewness 0.973 0.876 – 0.996 <0.001
Kurtosis 0.978 0.947 – 0.995 <0.001
Entropy 0.758 0.186 – 0.938 <0.001
Energy 0.764 0.041 – 0.934 <0.001
GLCM Homogeneity 0.859 0.539 – 0.948 <0.001
GLCM Energy 0.917 0.362 – 0.977 <0.001
GLCM Contrast 0.606 0.090 – 0.872 <0.001
GLCM Correlation 0.806 0.273 – 0.934 <0.001
GLCM Entropy 0.895 0.120 – 0.973 <0.001
GLCM Dissimilarity 0.715 0.040 – 0.913 <0.001
GLRLM Short-Run Emphasis 0.904 0.788 – 0.958 <0.001
GLRLM Long-Run Emphasis 0.768 0.526 – 0.895 <0.001
GLRLM Low Gray-Level Run Emphasis 0.209 0.108 – 0.571 <0.001
GLRLM High Grey-Level Run Emphasis 0.950 0.696 – 0.985 <0.001
GLRLM Short-Run Low Grey-level Emphasis 0.243 0.056 – 0.607 <0.001 GLRLM Short-Run High Grey-level Emphasis 0.950 0.691 – 0.985 <0.001 GLRLM Long-Run Low Grey-level Emphasis 0.723 0.503 – 0.988 <0.001 GLRLM Long-Run High Grey-level Emphasis 0.950 0.683 – 0.985 <0.001
GLRLM Grey-Level Non-Uniformity 0.972 0.918 – 0.989 <0.001
GLRLM Run-Length Non-Uniformity 0.915 0.329 – 0.977 <0.001
GLRLM Run Percentage 0.867 0.714 – 0.941 <0.001
NGLDM Coarseness 0.971 0.909 – 0.989 <0.001
NGLDM Contrast 0.792 0.350 – 0.923 <0.001
NGLDM Busyness 0.922 0.826 – 0.966 <0.001
GLZLM Short-Zone Emphasis 0.853 0.677 – 0.936 <0.001
GLZLM Long-Zone Emphasis 0.878 0.734 – 0.946 <0.001
GLZLM Low Grey-Level Zone Emphasis 0.304 0.119 – 0.672 <0.001
GLZLM High Grey-Level Zone Emphasis 0.947 0.714 – 0.983 <0.001
GLZLM Short-Zone Low Grey-level Emphasis 0.385 0.086 – 0.739 <0.001 GLZLM Short-Zone High Grey-level Emphasis 0.504 0.103 – 0.792 <0.001 GLZLM Long-Zone Low Grey-level Emphasis 0.728 0.347 – 0.933 <0.001 GLZLM Long-Zone High Grey-level Emphasis 0.948 0.698 – 0.984 <0.001
GLZLM Grey-Level Non-Uniformity 0.970 0.910 – 0.989 <0.001
GLZLM Zone-Length Non-Uniformity 0.913 0.325 – 0.976 <0.001
GLZLM Zone Percentage 0.826 0.631 – 0.922 <0.001
Note.—ICC: Intraclass correlation coefficient. HU: Hounsfield units. GLCM: Grey-Level Co-occurrence Matrix.
GLRLM: Grey-Level Run Length Matrix. NGLDM: Neighborhood Grey-Level Different Matrix. GLZLM: Grey-Level Zone Length Matrix.
