NOTICE Rights Reserved Printed ©1986, 1985

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The information in this document is subject to change without notice. AT&T assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.

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PREFACE

The AT&T UNIX System V User's Manual is a two-volume reference manual that describes the operating system capabilities of the AT&T UNIX*

pc.

It provides the UNIX programmer or operating system user with an overview of this implementation and details of commands, subroutines, and other facilities.

This issue of these manuals document version 3.5 of the UNIX PC software.

The Programmer's Manual describes general purpose UNIX commands and programs. This manual is further subdivided as follows:

Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5

Commands and Application Programs System Calls

Subroutines File Formats

Miscellaneous Facilities

The Administrator's Manual describes commands and facilities that are used for administrative maintenance of the UNIX system. This manual is further divided as follows:

Section 1M Section 7 CURSES

System Maintenance Commands Special Files

Curses/terminfo Programmer's Guide How to Use These Manuals

The Table of Contents in each manual lists the commands and other facilities in alphabetical order along with brief d~finitions.

Once you have identified a command by the definition, proceed to that section number in the manual. If you are not familiar with the UNIX system commands and facilities, refer to the Permuted Index.

The Programmer's Manual and the Administrator's Manual each contain a Permuted Index, which is an alphabetical listing of the

*

UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T

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Preface

contents grouped by key words. Locate the topic for which you seek information in the middle column of the index, then look to the left column for amplifying information and to the right column for the section number. Proceed to that section number for a full description of the topic.

Version 3.5 UNIX software passes SVVS for System V Release 2.

The differences between Version 3.5 for the UNIX PC and System V Release 2 are summarized below.

Section 1M:

acct(1M)

acctcms(1M)

acctcon(1M)

acctmerg(1M)

acctprc(lM)

acctsh(1M)

bdblk(lM)

brc(lM)

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

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ckeckall(lM)

cpset(lM)

crash(lM)

dcopy(lM)

d£skusg(lM)

dismount(lM)

errdead( 1M)

errdemon(lM)

errp~lM)

errstop(lM)

filesave(lM)

Preface

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

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Preface

fuser(lM)

fwtmp(lM)

£v(lM)

£nstall(lM)

Iddrv(lM)

I£nk(lM)

masterupd(lM)

mkboot(lM)

mvd£r(lM)

nscloop(lM)

nscmon(1M)

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profiler(1M)

pwck(1M)

qasurvey(1M)

rboot(1M)

rc(1M)

ru n a c c

t(

1M)

sadp(1M)

sar(1M)

sfont(1M)

st(1M)

stgetty(1M)

Preface

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5. The command rc(lM) is a subset of brc(1M).

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Preface

sysdefs(lM)

tic(lM)

uucico(lM)

vpmsave(lM)

vpmset(lM)

x25pvc(lM)

Section 7:

acu(7)

drivers(7)

escape(7)

kbd(7)

ktune(7)

This command is not documented (but IS

available) on System V Release 2, and IS

available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PC

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nc(7)

nsc(7)

phone(7)

phonedvr(7)

prj(7)

st(7)

stermio(7)

sxt(7)

trace(7)

vpm(7)

window(7)

Preface

for Version 3.5.

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Preface

x25(7)

Section 8:

mk(8)

rje(8)

Section 1:

acctom(l)

at(l)

bs(l)

calendar(I)

cat(l) cc(l) cfont(l)

clear{l)

The -v, -t, and -e options are not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The -T, -G, and

-#

options are not available in System V Release 2.

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cpio(1 )

ctrace(1)

cu(1) d£ff(1) dircmp(1) dump(1) ed(1) efi(1)

eqn(1 ) f77(1 )

fc(1)

find(1)

Preface

for Version 3.5.

The K, R, 0, J, and x options are not available in System V Release 2.

The - n option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The -I, -r, -s,-D, and -c options are not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The - wn option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The -g, -c, -p, and -u options are not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The - p string option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The - T option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The -inum option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

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Preface

fspl£t(l)

gdev(l)

ged(l )

get(l)

graph(l)

graph£cs(

1)

greek(l)

grep(l)

gut£l(l )

head(l)

hp£o(l)

ksh(l)

The - w option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The -i, -e, and -f options are not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

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Id(1) l£nt(

1)

Is(1 ) mach£d(1)

ma£Ix(1)

message(1 )

more(1 )

news(1)

nscstat(1 )

nsctorje(1)

nusend(l)

path(1 )

Preface

The -z, -Z, -T, and -F options are not available in System V Release 2.

The - c and -0 options are not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The - 0 and -p options are not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

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Preface

pg(l)

prs(l) ratfor{l)

rjestat(l)

sag(l )

sar{l)

scrse~1)

send(l)

sh(l) shform(l)

sno(l)

sort(1 )

The c option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The a, f, and h options are not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

The - y, - z, and - M options are not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

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spell(

1)

stat(l)

stlog";n(1 )

ststat(l)

t";mex(l)

toc(1)

tplot(l)

tput(l)

trenter(l)

troD(l)

tset(

1)

uahelp(l)

Preface

The - i option is not available on the UNIX PC Version 3.5.

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osend(l )

vi(l)

who(l)

Section 2:

locking(2)

syslocal(2)

Section 3:

abs(3f)

acos(3f)

aimag(3f)

aint(3f)

asin(3f)

for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PO for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2.

The vedit option is not available on the UNIX PO Version 3.5.

The - Hand - g options are not available on the UNIX PO Version 3.5.

This command is not available on System V Release 2, but is available on the UNIX PO for Version 3.5.

This command is not available on the UNIX PO for Version 3.5, but is available on System V Release 2. Note that is a FORTRAN library; most functions are available in the 0 library.

This command is not available on the UNIX PO for Version 3.5, but is available on

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atan(3f)

atan2(3f)

atoj(3c)

bool(3f)

conjg(3f)

cos(3f)

cosh(3f)

dim(3f)

dprod(3f)

eprintj(3t)

form(3t)

System V Release 2.

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Preface

ftape(3f)

getarg(3f)

getpen~3f)

£argc(3f)

z"ndex(3f)

Idgetname(3x)

len(3f)

lockj(3c)

log(3f)

loglD(3f)

max(3f)

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mclock(3f)

mz'n(3f)

menu(3t)

message(3t)

mod(3f)

paste(3t)

plot(3x)

rand(3f)

sz'gn(3f)

s£gnac(3f)

sz'n(3f)

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Preface

s£nh(3f)

sqrt(3f)

std£o(3s)

tam(3t)

tan(3f)

tanh(3f)

track(3t)

w£nd(3t)

wrastop(3t)

x25alnk(3c)

x25clnk(3c)

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x25hlnk{3c)

x25z'pvc(3c)

Section 4:

acct(4)

adj(

4)

err/ile( 4)

font( 4)

gps( 4)

pz'ot( 4)

phone( 4)

shlz'b( 4)

term( 4)

Preface

This command is not available on the UNIX PC for Version 3.5, but is available on

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Preface

term£nfo( 4)

ua(4)

Section 5:

math(5)

modemcap(5)

mptx(5)

proj(5)

termcap(5)

values(5)

System V Release 2.

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1. Commands and Application Programs

intro • • . • . introduction to commands and application programs 300 . • • . handle special functions of DASI 300 and 300s terminals 4014 • • • • • • • • • • paginator for the Tektronix 4014 terminal 450 • • . • . • • handle special functions of the DASI 450 terminal adb • . . • . • . • . • . • • • • • . • • • • absolute debugger admin • • . • • • • • . • . • • create and administer

sees

files ar • . • • . • . archive and library maintainer for portable archives as • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • assembler asa • • • • • . • • • • • interpret ASA carriage control characters async_main . • . • • . • • vt100, b513 terminal emulation program awk • • • • • • . • • • • pattern scanning and processing language banner • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • make posters basename • • • • • • • • • • • • • deliver portions of path names bc . • • . • • . • • • • • arbitrary-precision arithmetic language bdiff. • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • big diff bfs • • . • • . • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • big file scanner cal • • • • • • . • • . • • . • • . • • • • • • • print calendar cat. • • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • • concatenate and print files cb • • . • • • • • . • • . • • . • • • • •

e

program beautifier cc • . • • . • . • • • • . . • • • • • • • . • • cc -

e

compiler cd • . • . • • . • . • • • . • . • • • change working directory cdc • • • . • • . • change the delta commentary of an

sees

^delta

cflow . • . • • . • • • • . generate

e

flow graph cfont • • • • • • • • . • • • convert fonts to ASeII and vice-versa chmod . • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • change mode chown • • • . . • • • . • • . • • . • • • change owner or group clear • • • • . • • . • • • • . • • . • • . clear terminal screen cmp • • • • . • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • . compare two files col • . • • • • . • • . • . • • • • • . • filter reverse line-feeds comb • • . • • • • • • • • • . . • • • • • combine

sees

^deltas

comm • • • • • • • select or reject lines common to two sorted files

cp • • •• copy, link or move files

cpio • copy file archives in and out

cpp • • • the

e

language preprocessor

crypt • • • • • . • • encode/decode

csplit . . • • • • • • . • context split

cu • • • call another UNIX system

cut • • • cut out selected fields of each line of a file cw • • • • . . • . • . • • • prepare constant-width text for troff cxref • • generate

e

program cross reference date • • . . . • • . • • . • • • • • • print and set the date dc • . • • • • • . • . • • • . • • • • • . • • . desk calculator dd . • • . . • • • convert and copy a file delta. • • • • • . • . • • • make a delta (change) to an

sees

^file

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deroff. • • • • . • • • • remove nroff/troff, tbl, and eqn constructs diff • • . • • . • • • • • differential file and directory comparator diff3 • • • • . • • . • • • • • • 3-way differential file comparison diffmk . . . . • . • . • • . • • • • mark differences between files dircmp . • • . • • • • . • • . • • . • • . directory comparison du • . • . . • . • . • • • • . • • • • • • summarize disk usage dump • • . • . • • . . • . • dump selected parts of an object file

echo • . • • • • • • echo arguments

ed • • • . • . • • . • • • • • • • • text editor enable • • . • • • • enable/disable LP printers

env • • set environment for command execution

eqn . • format mathematical text for nroff or troff ex • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • text editor expr • • • • • • • . . • • • • evaluate arguments as an expression

factor • • • factor a number

fc • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • copy floppy diskettes file • . • . . • • • • • . • • • • • . . • • • determine file type find . . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • . • find files get. • • • . • . • • . . • • • • • • get a version of an

sees

file getopt • • • • • . • . • • • . • • • • • parse command options greek • • • • . . • • . • • • • . . • • • • select terminal filter

grep. • • • search a file for a pattern

head. • . • . • • • . • • • . • . • • . . • • give first few lines help. • • • • . • . • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • ask for help hp •• handle special functions of HP 2640 and 2621-series terminals hyphen • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • find hyphenated words id • • • • • • • . • . . • • . print user and group IDs and names ipcrm . remove a message queue, semaphore set or shared memory id ipcs • report inter-process communication facilities status join • • . • . • • . • • • • • relational database operator kill • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • . terminate a process ksh • • . • • • Korn shell command programming ld. . • • . • • • • • • • • • • link editor for common object files lex • • • • . • . • • . • generate programs for simple lexical tasks line . . • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • . . . read one line lint • • • • . • • • • . . • • • • • • . • • a

e

program checker logname • • . • • • • • • • • • • • get login name lorder • . • . • . • • • find ordering relation for an obj ect library lp •• • • • • • • • • • send/cancel requests to an LP line printer lpstat • • . . • . • . • • • . • . • • print LP status information Is • • • • . • . • • • . • . • • • • • • Iis1t contents of directory m4 • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • ' • • • macro processor mail • . . • . . • • • • • send mail to users or read mail make • • . • . maintain, update, and regenerate groups of programs makekey • . • • . • • . • • . • • • • • generate encryption key mesg • • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • • • permit or deny messages message . • • • • • . • • • • • • display error and help messages mkdir . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • . make a directory

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mm • • • • • print/check documents formatted with the MM macros mmt. . . . typeset documents, view graphs, and slides more . . • • • . . • • • • • • • file perusal filter for crt viewing

newform . change the format of a text file

newgrp • • • • . • • • • • . • . • • • • • log in to a new group nice • • • • • . . • • • • . • . • run a command at low priority nl • • • • • . • • . . . . • . • . • • • . . line numbering filter nm • • • • • • • print name list of common obj ect file nohup. • • . . . • . run a command immune to hangups and quits

moff. . • • • • • • . • • format text

od. • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • . octal dump pack . • • . • • • . • • . • . • . • . compress and expand files passwd • . • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • . change login password paste • merge same lines of several files or subsequent lines of one file path • . locate executable file for command

pr • • • • • print files

prof . • • • • . • • display profile data

prs • • • . print an

sees

^file

ps. . • • • • • • • • . • • • • . • . • . • report process status ptx • • • • . • • • • . • • • • . • • • • . • . permuted index

pwd • . working directory name

regcmp • • • . . . . • • • . • • . • . regular expression compile rm • • . • . • . . • • • . • • • • • • remove files or directories rmdel • • • . • . • • . • • • . remove a delta from an

sees

^file

sact. • • • . • . • • • • . print current

sees

file editing activity sccsdiff . • • . • • . . • . . compare two versions of an

sees

^file

scrset • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • . • • • set screen save time sdb • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • symbolic debugger sdiff . • • . . • . • • • . • . • . side-by-side difference program sed • . • • • • . • . • • • • . • . • . • . • . • stream editor sh •• shell, the standard/restricted command programming language shform • • . displays menus and forms and returns user size • . • • • . • • . . • print section sizes of common object files sleep . • • . • • . • • • . • • • suspend execution for an interval sort • . • • • • . . • • • • • • . • • • • sort and/or merge files spell • . • . • • . • . • . • • • • • • • • • find spelling errors split • . • . . . • • • . . • • • • • • • • split a file into pieces strip • • strip symbol and line number from a common object file stty • • . • . • . set the options for a terminal su. • . • . • • • • • • • . become super-user or another user sum • • • . • • • . . • . print checksum and block count of a file sync. . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • update the super block tabs • • . • • • . set tabs on a terminal tail • • . deliver the last part of a file

tar . • . • . • . • tape file archiver

tbl • format tables for nroff or trot!

tc ted.

• phototypesetter simulator

• • . . • screen-oriented text editor

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tee • • . . • • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • pipe fitting test • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • condition evaluation command time . • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • time a command touch • update access and modification times of a file tr • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • translate characters true • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • provide truth values tset • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • . set terminal modes tsort • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • topological sort tty • . • . • • • • • • . . • • • • • • • get the terminal's name uahelp . • • • • . user agent help process uaupd • • • • . • • • . • • • • . • update user agent special files umask • . • . • • • • . • • • . • . • set file-creation mode mask umodem • • • • • remote file transfer program for

ep 1M

terminals

uname •• print name of current UNIX system

unget • • undo a previous get of an

sees

^file

uniq • • • • report repeated lines in a file units • • • . • • • • • • conversion program uucp • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • UNIX-to-UNIX copy uustat • • uucp status inquiry and job control uuto • • • • • . • • • . . • • • • public UNIX-to-UNIX file copy uux • • • . • • . • • • • • • UNIX-to-UNIX command execution val . . • • • • • • • • . • • • . • . • • • . validate

sees

^file

vc • • . • . • . • • • • . . • . • • • • • • • • version control vi • • • . screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex wait. • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • await completion of process wc . • • . • • • . • • . • • • . • . • • • . • . • word count

what •• identify

sees

files

who • . • • • • • • • • • • • • who is on the system write • • • • . • • • . • • . • • write to another user xargs . . • • construct argument list( s) and execute command yacc • • • • • • . • . yet another compiler-compiler 2. System Calls

intro • • . • • introduction to system calls and error numbers access • • • • • • • . • • • determine accessibility of a file acct • • • • • • . • • • • • • enable or disable process accounting alarm • • . • • . • • • • . • • • . • set a process's alarm clock brk . • . • • . • . • • • • . change data segment space allocation chdir • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • change working directory chmod • . • . • . • • change mode of file chown . • • change owner and group of a file chroot . • • • • • • • • • • • change root directory close • • • • • • close a file descriptor creat • • • • . • . • • • create a new file or rewrite an existing one dup • • • . • • • . • . • • • . . duplicate an open file descriptor

exec • • . execute a file

exit • • • • • • . . • • . • • . • . • • terminate process

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fcntl . • • file control fork • . • • • . • • • • • • • • • • create a new process getpid . • • get process, process group, and parent process IDs getuid • • • . . get real or effective user, real or effective group IDs ioctl. • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • control device kill • • • • . • • • send a signal to a process or a group of processes link. • • • • • • • • • • • • • link to a file locking • • • • • • exclusive access to regions of a file lseek • • • • • . . • • • • move read/write file pointer mknod • • make a directory, or a special or ordinary file mount • . . • • • • • • • • • • mount a file system msgctl . • • . • • • • • • . message control operations msgget • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • get message queue msgop • • . • • • . • . • . • • • • • • • • message operations

nice • . • change priority of a process

open. • • • . • • • . . • • . . • • • open for reading or writing pause • • • • . suspend process until signal pipe. • • . • • create an interprocess channel plock • . •• lock process, text, or data in memory profil • . • • • • . • • • • execution time profile

ptrace • • • . • • • • • process trace

read . • • • • • • • • read from file

semctl • semaphore control operations

semget . . • . • . • • . • • • • • • • • • get set of semaphores semop . • • . • • • • . • • . • • • • . • semaphore operations setpgrp • • • . • • • set process group ID setuid • . • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • . set user and group IDs shmctl • • • • • • • . • • . . • shared memory control operations shmget • . . • • . • • • • . . • • . get shared memory segment shmop • • • • • • • . . • • . . • • • shared memory operations signal . specify what to do upon receipt of a signal stat • • • • • . . • . . • • . • • • • • • • • • • get file status

stime . • • • . • • • • set time

sync • update super-block

syslocal . • local system calls

time . . • • . • • • • get time

times • • • • • . • • • • . . • get process and child process times

ulimit • • • • • get and set user limits

umask . • • • set and get file creation mask

umount • . • • • • unmount a file system

uname . • • get name of current UNIX system

unlink . • • • . • . • . • • • . • • • • . remove directory entry ustat • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . . • get file system statistics utime • . • • . • • • . . • • set file access and modification times wait • • • • • . • • • • wait for child process to stop or terminate write • . . • • • . • • . • . • • . • • • • • • • write on a file

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3. Subroutines

intro • . . . • • • • • . • introduction to subroutines and libraries a641 • • . convert between long integer and base-64 ASCII string

abort. . • • • . • generate an lOT fault

abs • . • • . . • • . . . . • • • • return integer absolute value assert . • . • . • . . . . • • • • . • • verify program assertion atof. • • . . . • . • convert ASCII string to floating-point number

bessel • . • • . • • Bessel functions

bsearch . • . . . binary search

clock • • • • • report CPU time used

conv • • • • • • translate characters

crypt . • generate DES encryption

ctermid . • . . . • . . • • • • . • generate file name for terminal ctime • . . • . . . . • • • • • . convert date and time to string ctype • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • • . classify characters curses . • • • • • . screen functions with "optimal" cursor motion cuserid • • . • • • • . • • • • get character login name of the user dial . . • • • . establish an out-going terminal line connection drand48 . • • generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers ecvt • • . • • . • • . • • convert floating-point number to string end • . • . • . . • • . • • . • • • • . last locations in program eprintf . . • . . . • . . send a message to the status manager erf • . . . • • error function and complementary error function exp . • . exponential, logarithm, power, square root functions fclose . . • . . . • • • • • • • . close or flush a stream ferror • • • • . • . • . . • • . • stream status inquiries floor • • . • • . . floor, ceiling, remainder, absolute value functions

fop en . • . • • • • open a stream

form. • . • . . . . • • • . • . • . • • display and accept forms fread . . • . . . • • • • . • . • . • • • • binary input/output frexp . • . manipulate parts of floating-point numbers fseek • • . reposition a file pointer in a stream ftw • • • • • . • • • • • walk a file tree gamma. • . • • • • • • • • log gamma function getc . . . • • • . . • • • • get character or word from stream getcwd . • . . . • • • get path-name of current working directory

getenv • • return value for environment name

getgrent • . . . . • • • . • . • . • • • • • get group file entry getlogin. • • • . • . • • . • . • • • • • • • • • get login name getopt . . • . • . . . get option letter from argument vector getpass . • . • . • . . • • • • . • . • • • . • read a password getpent • • • . . . • get and clean up printer status file entries getpw • • . . . • . • • get name from UID getpwent. • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • . get password file entry

gets . get a string from a stream

getut • . • • • access utmp file entry

hsearch . • • • manage hash search tables

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hypot • • . • . • . . • . • • • • • • Euclidean distance function 13tol • • . . • . • convert between 3-byte integers and long integers ldahread • • • read the archive header of a member of an archive file ldclose • • • • . • . • . • • • • • • • close a common obj ect file ldfhread • • . • . • • . read the file header of a common object file ldlread • • manipulate line numbers of a common object file function ldlseek . • . seek to line numbers of a section of a common object file ldohseek . . • seek to the optional file header of a common object file ldopen • • • . • • . • • . • open a common object file for reading ldrseek . . . • . • seek to relocation entries of a common obj ect file ldshread . • • read an indexed/named header of a common object file ldsseek . . seek to an indexed/named section of a common object file ldtbindex . • . . • . • • compute the index of a symbol table entry ldtbread . read an indexed symbol table entry of a common object file ldtbseek. . . • seek to the symbol table of a common object file lockf • . . . • . . • • • • • • • • . • • • record locking on files logname . . • . . • • • . • • • • . • • return login name of user lsearch • • . . • • • • . • . • • • • • • linear search and update

malloc. . . . main memory allocator

matherr • . . • • error- handling function

memory • . . • • memory operations

menu . • . • • • • . . display and accept menus

message • display error and help messages

mktemp . . • • . • • . • . . • • • • . make a unique file name monitor • . • • • • • • • . • . . . . • prepare execution profile nlist . . • • • • • . . • . • . • . . • get entries from name list paste. . . • • . . . • . • • . • • • • . • • paste buffer utilities perror . . . • . . • . • • • • . • • • • • system error messages popen • . • . . initiate pipe to/from a process printf . • • . • . . • print formatted output

putc • • put character or word on a stream

putenv . . change or add value to environment putpwent. . • . • . • • • • • . • • . . write password file entry puts • . . • . . . . • • . • . . • • . • put a string on a stream qsort • . • . • . • . • . . • • . • . . • . . • • • quicker sort rand . • . • • • . • . • • • • • simple random-number generator regcmp • • . . • • • • • • compile and execute regular expression scanf • • . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • convert formatted input setbuf . . . • . • . • • • • . assign buffering to a stream setjmp • . • . • . • • • • . • • . • • • non-local go to sinh • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • hyperbolic functions sleep • . • . . • . • . . . suspend execution for interval sputl •• access long numeric data in a machine independent fashion ssignal • . • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • software signals stdio . • . • • • • • • • • standard buffered input/output package stdipc . . standard interprocess communication package string • . • • • • . • • . . • • string operations strtod. • • • convert string to double-precision number

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strtol • • convert string to integer swab. • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • swap bytes

system • . • • issue a shell command

tam • a library of calls that supports terminal access, tmpfile • • • • • • . • • • create a temporary file tmpnam . . • . • • • • • . • . create a name for a temporary file track. • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • . • . • track mouse motion trig • . • • . • . • • • • • • . • . . • • trigonometric functions tsearch . . • • • • • • . . • • . . • manage binary search trees ttyname. • . • • • • • . . . • . • . • • find name of a terminal ttyslot • • . . . find the slot in the utmp file of the current user ungetc • • • • • • • • . . . push character back into input stream vprintf • . . • • • print formatted output of a varargs argument list wind . • . • • • . • . • creates and places a window wrastop. • • • • . • • • pixel raster operations for bitmap displays 4. File Formats

intro. • • . • . • • • • . • • . . . • introduction to file formats a.out • • • • • • . • • • common assembler and link editor output adf • • • • • • • • • . • . • . • • • • • application data format ar. • . . • . . . • • • • • . common archive file format checklist • • • • • list of file systems processed by fsck

core • • format of core image file

cpio • • . • • • . • • • format of cpio archive dir . . • . • • • . . format of directories filehdr . . • . • . • • • • • • . file header for common object files font . . • . . . • . • . • . • • • • font file format fs • • • • • . • . • . • . • • • • • . • format of system volume fspec. • • . . • . • . • . • • • • format specification in text files gettydefs . • • • • • • . speed and terminal settings used by getty

group • • . • . • • • • • group file

inittab • • • . . . . • • • . • . . • . . script for the init process inode • • • . . • • • • • . . . • • • format of an inode issue • • . . . • • • • • . • • . . • • . . issue identification file ldfcn • • • • . common object file access routines linenum • • • • • . • • line number entries in a common object file master . • • • • • . • • • . • • • master device information table mnttab . • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • mounted file system table

passwd • • • • • • • • password file

phone . • . • • • • • phone directory file format pnch . • . • • • • • • file format for card images profile . . setting up an environment at login time reloc • • • • relocation information for a common object file sccsfile • • • • • • • • • . . • • • • • format of

sees

^file

scnhdr • • • • • • . . • . section header for a common object file shlib • • . • • • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • . . shared library syms • . • . . . . • • • • common object file symbol table format

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ua . utmp •

5. Miscellaneous Facilities

• . user agent configuration files

• utmp and wtmp entry formats

intro • . • . • • . . • . • . • • • • • introduction to miscellany ascii. • . • • • . • • • • • • • . • • map of ASCII character set environ • • • . • • • • • . • • • • • user environment eqnchar • . • • • • • special character definitions for eqn and neqn fcntl • . . • • • • • • . • . • . . • . • . • file control options greek . • • • • • • . . graphics for the extended TTY-37 type-box man . • . • • • . • • macros for formatting entries in this manual mm . • . • . • . the MM macro package for formatting documents modemcap. • • • • • • • . . • . • • modem capability data base mptx • . . • • the macro package for formatting a permuted index regexp • regular expression compile and match routines stat . • . data returned by stat system call

term • . conventional names for terminals

termcap . . . terminal capability data base

types • • . • . • . . . • . • • • • • primitive system data types varargs . • • • . • . • • • • . •• handle variable argument list

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/functions of HP 2640 and 2621-series terminals.

handle special functions of HP 2640 and 2621-series/ hp:

functions of DASI 300 and/ 300, 300s: handle special /special functions of DASI 300 and 300s terminals.

of DASI 300 and 300s/ 300, 300s: handle special functions functions of DASI 300 and 300s terminals. /special 13tol, Itol3: convert between 3-byte integers and long/

comparison. diff3: 3-way differential file . Tektronix 4014 terminal. 4014: paginator for the . paginator for the Tektronix 4014 terminal. 4014: . .

of the DASI 450 terminal. 450: handle special functions special functions of the DASI 450 terminal. 450: handle

long integer and base-64/ a641, 164a: convert between . abort: generate an lOT fault.

value. abs: return integer absolute adb: absolute debugger. • . . abs: return integer absolute value.

/floor, ceiling, remainder, absolute value functions.

form: display and accept forms.

menu: display and accept menus. . • . . . of a file. touch: update access and modification times

utime: set file access and modification times.

accessibility of a file. access: determine

machine/ sputl, sgetl: access long numeric data in a Idfcn: common object file access routines.

calls that supports terminal access,. tam: a library of locking: exclusive access to regions of a file.

/setutent, endutent, utmpname: access utmp file entry.

access: determine accessibility of a file. . enable or disable process accounting. acct:

process accounting. acct: enable or disable sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2:/ . . current SCCS file editing activity. sact: print

adb: absolute debugger.

putenv: change or add value to environment.

adf: application data format.

sces files. admin: create and administer admin: create and administer SCCS files.

ua: user agent configuration files.

uahelp: user agent help process.

uaupd: update user agent special files. . . . alarm: set a process's alarm clock.

clock. alarm: set a process's alarm change data segment space allocation. brk, sbrk:

realloc, calloc: main memory allocator. malloc, free, • . sort: sort and/or merge files. . . . . link editor output. a.out: common assembler and

adf: application data format.

introduction to commands and application programs. intro:

maintainer for portable/ ar: archive and library format. ar: common archive file language. bc: arbitrary-precision arithmetic for portable archives. ar: archive and library maintainer

cpio: format of cpio archive. . • . • . . . ar: common archive file format.

header of a member of an archive file. /the archive

hp(l) hp(l) 300(1) 300(1) 300(1) 300(1) 13tol(3C) diff3(1 ) 4014(1) 4014(1) 450(1) 450(1) a641(3C) abort(3C) abs(3C) adb(l) abs(3C) floor(3M) form(3t) menu(3t) touch(l) utime(2) access(2) sputl(3X) Idfcn(4) tam(3t) locking(2) getut(3C) access(2) acct(2) acct(2) trig(3M) sact(1 ) adb(l) putenv(3C) adf(4) admin(l) admin(l) ua(4) uahelp(l) uaupd(l) al arm (2) alarm(2) brk(2) malloc(3C) sort(l) a.out(4) adf(4) intro(1) ar(l) ar(4) bc(1) ar(l) cpio(4) ar(4) Idahread(3X)