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June 17, 2021 Supplementary information

In the letter I am submitting, I state:

“A careful search of https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ would find a number of vitamin D

supplementation observational studies and clinical trials that demonstrated significant reductions in risk of cancer, diabetes mellitus type 2, influenza, preterm delivery, and severity of COVID-19 outcomes and that optimal 25(OH)D concentrations are in the range of 75 to 150 nmol/L.”

The limitation of 1000 words and five references does not permit inclusion of the supporting publications. Thus, I list some of them here for review purposes.

Regarding clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation to prevent or treat disease:

Why Secondary Analyses in Vitamin D Clinical Trials Are Important and How to Improve Vitamin D Clinical Trial Outcome Analyses-A Comment on "Extra-Skeletal Effects of Vitamin

D, Nutrients 2019, 11, 1460".

Grant WB, Boucher BJ.Nutrients. 2019 Sep 11;11(9):2182. doi: 10.3390/nu11092182.

Intratrial Exposure to Vitamin D and New-Onset Diabetes Among Adults With Prediabetes: A Secondary Analysis From the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) Study.

Dawson-Hughes B, Staten MA, Knowler WC, Nelson J, Vickery EM, LeBlanc ES, Neff LM, Park J, Pittas AG; D2d Research Group.Diabetes Care. 2020 Dec;43(12):2916-2922. doi: 10.2337/dc20-1765. E Breast cancer risk markedly lower with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations ≥60 vs <20 ng/ml (150 vs 50 nmol/L): Pooled analysis of two randomized trials and a prospective cohort.

McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Baggerly LL, Garland CF, Gorham ED, Hollis BW, Trump DL, Lappe JM.PLoS One. 2018 Jun 15;13(6):e0199265.

Maternal 25(OH)D concentrations 40 ng/mL associated with 60% lower preterm birth risk among general obstetrical patients at an urban medical center.

McDonnell SL, Baggerly KA, Baggerly CA, Aliano JL, French CB, Baggerly LL, Ebeling MD,

Rittenberg CS, Goodier CG, Mateus Niño JF, Wineland RJ, Newman RB, Hollis BW, Wagner CL.PLoS One. 2017 Jul 24;12(7):e0180483. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180483.

The Association between Serum 25(OH)D Status and Blood Pressure in Participants of a Community- Based Program Taking Vitamin D Supplements.

Mirhosseini N, Vatanparast H, Kimball SM.Nutrients. 2017 Nov 14;9(11):1244. doi: 10.3390/nu9111244.

Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren.

Urashima M, Segawa T, Okazaki M, Kurihara M, Wada Y, Ida H.Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 May;91(5):1255- 60. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.29094.

Why vitamin D clinical trials should be based on 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations.

Grant WB, Boucher BJ, Bhattoa HP, Lahore H.J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018 Mar;177:266-269. doi:

10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.08.009.

Randomized controlled trials of vitamin D and cancer incidence: A modeling study.

Grant WB, Boucher BJ.PLoS One. 2017 May 1;12(5):e0176448. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176448.

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Recent observational studies of using calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D) to treat COVID-19 patients.

Calcifediol treatment and COVID-19-related outcomes.

Nogues X, Ovejero D, Pineda-Moncusí M, Bouillon R, Arenas D, Pascual J, Ribes A, Guerri-Fernandez R, Villar-Garcia J, Rial A, Gimenez-Argente C, Cos ML, Rodriguez-Morera J, Campodarve I, Quesada- Gomez JM, Garcia-Giralt N.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jun 7:dgab405. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab405.

Calcifediol Treatment and Hospital Mortality Due to COVID-19: A Cohort Study.

Alcala-Diaz JF, Limia-Perez L, Gomez-Huelgas R, Martin-Escalante MD, Cortes-Rodriguez B,

Zambrana-Garcia JL, Entrenas-Castillo M, Perez-Caballero AI, López-Carmona MD, Garcia-Alegria J, Lozano Rodríguez-Mancheño A, Arenas-de Larriva MDS, Pérez-Belmonte LM, Jungreis I, Bouillon R, Quesada-Gomez JM, Lopez-Miranda J.Nutrients. 2021 May 21;13(6):1760. doi: 10.3390/nu13061760.

William B. Grant, Ph.D.

Director, Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center P.O. Box 641603

San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA

wbgrant@infionline.net, williamgrant08@comcast.net

www.sunarc.org

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