** Slide 1 **
About the alternatives
Each alternative consists of five attributes which together define a scenario for wind power production in Norway. The attributes are:
1) New production of energy in Norway (from all sources) 2) The number of wind turbines in Norway
3) Prioritized regions for wind power developments 4) Prioritized landscapes for wind power developments 5) Changes in the monthly electricity bill for your household
The levels of these attributes will vary over the different alternatives and choice situations.
** Slide 2 **
Attribute 1: New power production in Norway
In 2018, 147 TWh was produced in Norway (95% hydro; 5% wind power). In the same year, the consumption was 137 TWh. Thus, Norway had a net export of 10 TWh.
Even though Norway is a net exporter of energy, the degree of self-sufficiency in different parts of the country varies. It also varies over different seasons. At the same time, demand for energy is increasing both domestically and abroad. Population growth, new industries and electrification of the transport sector are the main reasons for increased energy demand in Norway.
Based on current predictions of the energy market and the Norwegian government, parliament and NVE, Norwegian energy production can increase to 180 TWh by 2030. Increased energy production will be achieved by more precipitation, technical upgrades which increases the capacity in already existing hydro power plants, small-scale hydro power projects, and other renewable energy sources, such as sun and wind power.
In the choice situation, the increase in new energy production in Norway varies between 0 and 30 TWh.
How negative or positive are you to increase the energy production in Norway beyond today’s level?
Very negative
Neutral Very
positive
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
** Slide 3 **
Attribute 2: The number of new wind turbines in Norway
By the end of 2018, Norway had 600 functioning wind turbines apportioned over 30 wind farms. These produced around 4 TWh, about 3% of today’s energy consumption. NVE has in addition accepted 30 new wind farms, which now are either being installed or are in the planning phase to be installed. The new wind farms will in total have about 600-700 new wind turbines. The new turbines are more efficient with an estimated production capacity of 9 to 10 TWh. In total, this means 1200-1300 turbines apportioned over 40 wind farms in Norway with a production capacity of 14 TWh.
Is the total number of turbines (both functioning and accepted to be installed) about the same as you had in mind before this questionnaire?
The number is lower
The number is higher
The number is about the same as I had in mind
Beforehand, I had little/no knowledge about this
** Slide 4 **
Attribute 2: The number of new wind turbines in Norway
Already built wind farms in Norway needed public financial support. From 2022, this support will cease, and only profitable projects will be built. NVE estimates that up to 3000 new wind turbines can be installed in Norway by 2030, in addition to the 1200-1300 turbines already in operation or accepted for installation.
A wind farm with 30 wind turbines can cover the energy consumption to between 10 500 and 13 500 Norwegian households with average consumption. New wind power developments will contribute to meet Norway’s international commitments of increased renewable energy production. In addition, wind power developments generate revenues to municipalities and jobs, especially during the construction phase.
How negative or positive are you about future wind power developments in Norway beyond today’s level?
Very
negative Neutral Very
positive
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
** Slide 5 **
Attribute 2: The number of new wind turbines in Norway
New wind farms require infrastructure to for instance distribute energy. Based on the current wind farms in Norway, a single wind turbine demands on average:
1) 900 meter of power lines 2) 700 meters of roads
3) 0.35 km2 of land (about 50 soccer fields), where 2 to 3 percent goes to infrastructure and roads.
4) New turbines in Norway are about 150 to 180 high, measured from the ground to the tip of the rotor blade. Older turbines are above 100 meters high. Future wind turbines can become up to 250 meters high.
Turbines can be visible from several kilometers away.
In addition, research shows that wind turbines can affect people that live or use areas close by through noise, shadow flickers, blinking lights and visual changes in cultural and natural landscapes. In addition, turbines have negative effects on biodiversity (for instance bird deaths).
The figure below shows information about effects a wind turbine has on the environment. Point your clicker over each drawing to get more information about the respective effect.
How worried are you about the effects more wind power developments will have on Norwegian nature?
Very negative
Neutral Very
positive
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
In the choice situation, the numbers of new wind turbines (beyond those 1200-1300 that are already functioning or given license to be built) vary between 0 and 3000.
** Slide 6 **
Attribute 3 Prioritized regions for future wind power developments
There are good wind resources in the whole country. New developments can be located in each region of Norway: Northern Norway, Central Norway, Western Norway, Eastern Norway and Southern Norway.
The map below shows areas where wind power is produced today and where new developments are constructed (green circles), areas where developments have been given license to be constructed (blue circles), and areas where applications for new developments are being processed (orange circles).
Do you want future wind power developments in the region you live in?
Yes
No
Don’t know/no opinion
In the choice situation, regions prioritized for future wind power developments will vary.
** Slide 7 **
Attribute 4: Prioritized landscape for future wind power developments It is possible to install wind turbines in several types of landscapes:
Onshore along the coast
Lowland and forest
Mountains
The pictures below illustrate the three landscape types which are most relevant for future wind power developments in Norway. Visibility will vary with weather conditions and topography in the different landscapes.
Onshore along the coast Lowland and forest Mountains
Which landscape type is most important for your outdoor recreational experiences?
Onshore along the coast
Lowland and forest
Mountains
Neither of these are especially important to me
In the choice situations, the type of landscape prioritized for future wind power developments will vary.
** Slide 8 **
Attribute 5: Changes in the monthly electricity bill for you/your household.
Future wind power developments will increase the total energy production in Norway. It is however not certain that the electricity price in Norway will become lower. According to NVE, the electricity price can increase by 2030.
There are many factors that affect the electricity price, for instance 1) export, 2) domestic consumption and 3) weather conditions and climate.
In the future, the electricity price for you and your household can go up or down in comparison with today’s level. An average Norwegian household used around 16 000 KWh in 2018 and had a monthly electricity bill of around NOK 1500.
Approximately, how much did your household pay per month in 2018?
My household does not pay for electricity
Below NOK 400 per month
NOK 400 – 800
NOK 800 – 1200
NOK 1200 – 1600
NOK 1600 – 2000
NOK 2000 – 2400
NOK 2400 – 2800
Above 2800 per month
Don’t know
In the choice situations, changes in the monthly electricity bill vary from a reduction of NOK 450 to an increase of NOK 450.
** Slide 9 **
Which alternative do you prefer?
Choose one of the three alternatives by clicking one of the buttons in the bottom of the table.
