CONTENTS
Preface ... V A. Abbreviations ... IX B. Bibliography ... XI C. General Comments ... XXXIX
D. Introduction into theConvention onthe Rights of the Child ... 1
E. Article-by-Article Commentary to the Convention onthe Rights of the Child, Including Its Optional Protocols ... 31
Preamble ... 31
Article 1 [Definition] ... 33
Article 2 [Nature ofStateObligations;Prohibition of Discrimination; Obligationto Protect] ... 44
Article? [Guarantee of the Best Interestsof theChild] ... 70
Article 4 [LegalImplementation] ... 88
Article 5 [Parental and FamilyRights] ... 107
Article 6 [RighttoLife] ... 118
Article? [Identity Rights of the Child] ... 132
Articles [States’Duty to Protectthe Identityof theChild] ... 149
Article9 [Separationfrom Parents] ... 155
Article10 [FamilyReunification] ... 171
Article 11 [InternationalChildAbduction] ... 183
Article12 [Right to Express Views; Rightto aFair Hearing] ... 197
Article 13 [Freedom of Expression and Freedom ofInformation] ... 218
Article 14 [Freedom of Thought, ConscienceandReligion] ... 227
Article 15 [Freedom of Associationand Freedom ofPeaceful Assembly] ... 237
Article 16 [RighttoPrivacy] ... 243
Article 17 [Access toInformation; Mass Media] ... 249
Article18 [Upbringing bythe Parents] ... 263
Article 19 [Protection fromall Forms of Violence] ... 272
Article20 [Extra-Familial Care] ... 282
Article 21 [Adoption] ... 296
Article22 [Children as Refugees] ... 308
Article23 [Care of Children withDisabilities] ... 327
Article24 [Protection of Health] ... 343
Article 25 [Placement] ... 366
Article 26 [Social Security] ... 369
Article 27 [Development of the Child] ... 374
Article 28 [Right toEducation] ... 383
Article 29 [Educational Goals] ... 401
Article 30 [Cultural Identity] ... 410
Article31 [Leisure andRecreationalActivities] ... 419
Introduction to Articles 32-36 ... 425
Article 32 [Protection fromEconomic Exploitation] ... 427
Article 33 [Protection from NarcoticDrugs] ... 440
Article 34 [Protection from Sexual Abuse] ... 444
Article 35 [Measures againstChild Trafficking] ... 456
Article 36 [Protection Against AllOther Forms ofExploitation] ... 463
Article 37 [Protection from Torture,theDeath Penalty andLifeImprisonment, Guarantees byImprisonment] ... 465
Article 38 [InternationalHumanitarianLaw] ... 487
Article 39 [RehabilitationMeasures] ... 513
Article 40 [Children in Criminal Law and CriminalProceedings] ... 519
Article41 [Other Protective Provisions] ... 541
Article42 [Publication Obligation] ... 543
Article43 [Committee on the Rights of the Child] ... 544
Article 44 and45 [StateReportingProcedure] ... 554
Articles46 to 54 [Concluding Provisions] ... 583
F. Overview of the Individual Communications Procedure
(Articles 5 to11 of the ThirdOptional Protocol to the Convention ontheRightsof the
Child) ... 593
Annex... 615
A. OPAC ... 615
B. OPSC ... 620
C. OPIC ... 628
Index... 637