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The Explorer computer family:

powerful solutions for complex problems*

Solutionstocomplex problems that have resisted traditionalcomputerization require acombination ofnew architectures,powerful software

environments,and performance beyond the capabilities of traditionalcomputers.

Symbolicprocessing, a computing technology that usessymbolsto representreal-world objects and propertiesassociatedwiththem, provides themeanstosolvemanyof

these problems. This approachrequires powerfulcomputersdesignedfor efficientexecutionof symbolic processingsoftware.

The Explorerfamilyof high- performance symbolicprocessing computerswasdevelopedto meet this need by Texas Instruments,a pioneer in the development and implementation of artificial intelligence(AI)technology.

The Explorercombines theLispsymbolic processinglanguage,anintegrated softwareenvironment,and optimized hardware supportto provide themost

powerful,reliable, and cost-effective symbolicprocessingsystemsavailable.

Practical applications of artificial intelligence.

Anincreasingnumber ofcompanies arealready beginningtoachieve substantialreturnsfrom applications usingAI technology. Expertsystems have becomean importantaidin dynamic scheduling, equipment diagnostics,monitoringandcontrol, configuration,and design. Rapid softwareprototyping isincreasingly being used for large, complex software

systems.Fora growinglist ofcustomers

around theworld,the Exploreristhe keytohelping them solve difficult problems in numerousapplications.

Technology leadership.

Texas Instruments is aworld leaderin the field of artificial intelligence.A researchprogramthat beganin 1978 has

grown into acompany-wide strategyfor developing and applying AI technology.

TI brings itssemiconductorexpertise toAI through MegaChip"

Technologies,asetofprocess,design automation,andmanufacturing technologies usedto createa new generationof semiconductor products andservices.Thesuperiorperformance of the Explorer Lisp microprocessor is a result of thisprogram.

New

delivery

alternatives.

TI has long recognized the need fora rangeof delivery optionsto meet

differingcustomerand application

requirements.

Somesymbolicprocessingapplications requirethepowerofanExplorer11,TFs highest performance symbolic

processingsystem,eitheras a workstationor as a server in a networkedenvironment.Smaller applications canoften beeffectively deployedonPCsortechnical

workstations. But as a growingnumber ofsignificantapplications arebeing developed,a newkind of delivery

systemisneeded—onethat has the full powerofanExplorer and the

applications base ofaleading TI offers the broadestrange of AI

products andservicesinthe industry, including the Explorercomputerfamily, the Personal Consultant" Series of

expert systemdevelopmenttools, KnowledgeEngineeringServices,AI education, and productsupportservices.

conventionalsystem

TI isalsoaworld leaderinthe practical application of AIin its own operations.This internal experience putsTIin a unique positiontohelp

customers solve their business problems.

The

micro

Explorerisideal

for

delivery

of

complexexpert systemapplications, such as diagnosticsand dynamic scheduling.

(3)

micro Explorer: ideal for delivery

of symbolic processing applications*

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'mtmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

The

micro

Explorer combines TVs powerful Explorer

software

environmentandLispchip with the widelyacclaimedApple Macintosh 11computer.

Applications delivery.

The

micro

Explorersystemcombines

the best oftwo computingworlds:

"

TI Explorer. The Explorerfamily featuresapowerful software

environmentand optimized hardware

supportfor productive development and efficientexecutionof symbolic

processingapplications.

"

Apple® Macintosh® 11. The MacintoshII extends the Macintosh familywitha newopenarchitecture. Based onthesameindustry standard TI Nußus" usedinExplorersystems,the MacintoshII has thepowertorunnot only themostadvanced productivity applications, but also newapplications such asdesktopengineering.

Theinnovative

micro

Explorersystem

makes the widespread deployment of

expertsystemsand other symbolic processingapplications possible, and enables the development ofa new generationof intelligent integrated

applications.

operating environmentsconcurrently.

For example, the MacintoshII gathers data and doesnumericcalculations, while the

micro

Explorerprocessoradds

expert system capabilities.

Extensive networking. Themicro- Explorer takes advantage of themany networking andcommunicationproducts available for the Macintosh 11.This makesiteasyfor the

micro

Explorerto

The

micro

Explorerisdesignedto meet

the needs of developers anduserswho

want tobring thepowerof symbolic processingtobearonsolving complex problems suchasdynamic scheduling and computer-aidedengineering.

Multipurposesystem.The user can run both symbolic applications and conventional applications on a single

systemwithout having tocompromise ineitherarea.

Integratedsymbolic/conventional applications. Incaseswhereusersdesire

toaugmentoradd intelligenceto

conventional applications, themicro- Explorer providesauniqueplatform for

integratedapplications. Suchanapproach woulduse theresourcesof both

fit inwith moderncorporate computer

networks.

Family compatibility. The micro- ExplorerisbasedonthesameExplorer softwareenvironmentandLisp chipasthe Explorer 11. Applications developedon other Explorerfamilymemberscanbe easily installedonthe

micro

Explorer.

Lowcost.State-of-the-art VLSI and

computertechnology make thepower of the

micro

Explorer available fora surprisingly lowcost.Anditsunsurpassed price-performanceratiomakesmany newAI applications economically

Two

computers

in

one.

Theconceptbehind the

micro

Explorer

issimple. Start with thesuperior Explorer softwareenvironment. Using Tl's uniqueLisp chip and application specific VLSIcomponents,builda processorboard that has thepower neededtoruntheenvironment efficiently,yetissmall enoughtofit in adesktopcomputer. Then selectan exceptional hostsystem—the MacintoshII

and develop special software interface facilities tosmoothly couplethetwoenvironments.

The result isthe

micro

Explorer

the

first systemtocombine the extraordinary capabilities of theTI Explorer and the Apple Macintosh II

in onepowerful desktop package.

practical.

(4)

Two powerful software environments for high productivity

Symbolic and conventionalapplicationsoperateconcurrentlyonthe

micro

Explorer, and can be integratedtosolve

different

aspects

of

acomplexproblem.

Explorer software environment. Development and

delivery.

All members of the Explorercomputer familyfeature anextraordinarily powerful and productive software environment,and the

micro

Exploreris

noexception.Explorer software provides the tools that developers need

tosolve complex problems, and the supporting environmentneededtorun these applicationseffectively.Key features include:

"

Fully integratedenvironment

"

CommonLispwith Zetalisp extensions

"

Flavors object-oriented

programmingsystem

"

Comprehensivesetofprototyping and development tools

"

Thousands of application building blocks

development capabilities.

The

micro

Explorercomeswitha

runtime versionof the Explorer software environment. Development toolsareomittedinordertodecrease thesizeof the software. Thispermits applications developedonlarger Explorersystemstobe deliveredon lower-costsystemswith smaller memory and diskconfigurations, and with the capability ofrunningconventional application software. Because the underlying software and hardware architecturesarethe same,thereare no portingdifficulties as areoften

encountered when developingon one systemanddeliveringonanother. This makes the

micro

Explorer ideal for applications delivery.

But the

micro

Explorer isnotlimited

todelivery only. Optional development software packagesareavailable that provide full Explorer software

Macintosh II software.

Thousands of software packagesare available for the Macintosh 11,ranging from computer-aided designto

professional productivity applications.

The point-and-click simplicity ofits graphic interfacesets astandard for easeof learning andeaseofuse.Anda host of availablecommunications packages provideconnectivitytoother

computersfrom mainframes toPCs.

Combining

two

environments.

The Explorerenvironment issmoothly coupledto the Macintosh II operating environment.StartinganExplorer applicationonthe

micro

Explorer isthe

same asstarting anyMacintosh II application because the Explorer

systeminterfacestotheuserviathe Macintosh II windowsystem. Similarly, Explorer software usesthe MacintoshII file system,sothereare noseparate

disk storageproblems.

For integrated applications that make useof bothoperatingenvironments,a Remote Procedure Call capability is provided. This allows applications to runconcurrentlyonbothprocessors, and exchange informationasneeded.

(5)

Multiple processor hardware for high performance*

Concurrent

processing.

Like the Explorerfamily,the MacintoshIIusesTl'sNußus,an

advanced,processor-independentbus architecture that isdesignedtosupport multiple processors.This design makes

itpossible toincorporatethemicro- Explorerprocessorand MacintoshII processorin asingle system.Operating concurrently, thetwoprocessorsprovide the userwith unprecedentedpowerin a desktopsystem.

Architecture optimized for

symbolic processing.

Onereasonthat symbolicprocessing is effective insolving difficult problems is thatitautomatesmany lower-level details, freeingthe developertofocus

TexasInstrl IiENTS

/

'

"*■ Development

Software

* User'sGuide

f m microExplorer

onthe conceptual level of the problem Two examples of thisaredynamic data

typeprocessingand dynamicmemory

management.

"

Dynamicmemorymanagement automatically allocates and reclaims memory.

"

Dynamic datatypeprocessingfrees the developer from explicitly having

todeclare datatypesin advance.

This givesapplications more flexibilitytodealwith complex and changingsituations.

To implement these functions Lisp

systemsusetags,specially designated bits associatedwith each data word.

The Explorersystem architecture provides hardwaresupporttoprocess

tagsinparallel with instruction

execution.This eliminates the costly overhead ofperforming these functions withsoftware, asrequired by other

systems.And Tl'suniqueTemporal GarbageCollection capability reclaims memoryincrementally duringprogram executionin a waythat isvirtually invisible totheuser.

State-of-the-art VLSI

processor.

At the heart of the

micro

Explorer

processor isTl's Explorer Lisp chip, the world's first 32-bit microprocessor designed for symbolicprocessing applications. It is oneof themost

complex integratedcircuits ever produced, with morethana half- million transistors on a one-centimeter squarechip of silicon. The Lisp chip's high speed and on-chipsupportfor tag processingand other symbolic

processingfunctions enable the development of both higher- performancesystemsand smaller

systemsthan previously possible.

The

micro

Explorerprocessorhasits

ownon-boardmemoryof four megabytes, expandable totwelve megabytes.By usingone-megabit

memorychips, Tl's application-specific integratedcircuits (ASICs), and the uniqueTI Lisp chip, the

micro

Explorer

packs thepowerofanExploreron a single board thatoccupies just one expansionslot inthe Macintosh II

system unit.

Macintosh 11.

The MacintoshIIcomputeris anideal hostsystemfor the

micro

Explorer.

Itscrisphigh-resolution graphics provideanadvanceduserinterface. Its powerful 32-bitprocessorhandles computationally intensiveapplications effectively.Anditsexpandability

memorytoeight megabytes and beyond,massstorage toseveral hundred megabytes, andsixinternal Nußus

expansionslots

providesaneasy

growth path.

The

micro

Explorer uses the world's

first

AImicroprocessortorunthepowerful Explorersymbolic processing environment.

(6)

Helping customers put AI to work*

Knowledge

Engineering

Services.

TI canhelpyourorganizationget

startedinexpert systemsdevelopment throughitsKnowledge Engineering Services.

Tl's experienced knowledge engineers areavailabletoworkwithcustomers in all phases of development

application and toolselection,feasibilitydemon- strationandprototyping,and full

customprojectsincluding knowledge acquisition,systemdevelopment, deployment, integration,and maintenance.

Education and

support.

The Texas Instruments Education and Development Center has developeda broad curriculum ofcoursesdesigned specificallyfor the people who willuse Explorerfamilycomputers.Featuring live instructionbyhighly-qualifiedTI personnel, thecourses areavailableata Texas Instrumentsfacilityor atthe customer'ssite.More than2,500people have already received Explorertraining through the Education and Develop-

mentCenter.

TIis also making informationonAI availableto awide audience throughits Artificial Intelligence Satellite

Symposium series.More than150,000 people have attended thesesymposia.

Inadditiontoknowledge engineering,formal education, and apprenticeshipprograms,Tl'songoing customersupportincludes suchservices as atechnicalcustomersupportline and fieldanalystsupport.

Field

service.

Quality: we've built

our

reputation

on it.

Explorerfamilycomputersystemshave been designed for highly reliable

operation.They have also been designedforeasy maintenance, including powerful built-in diagnostic

testsand easily accessiblecomponents.

At TexasInstruments,qualityispartofour culture. Whetherit isoursystems,software,

or services, ourgoalistobe the industry leaderin qualityandcustomersatisfaction.

Tl's worldwide base ofcustomer servicerepresentatives isreadyto

provideinstallation, contract maintenance,and on-callservice, allowingcustomers tochoose the service programthat bestmeetstheir needs. TI offers several standard maintenancecontractsorwill tailora contract tofit specificcustomerneeds.

Tl's comprehensiveservice programs areconsistently rated excellent in user

surveys.

TIprovides the industry's broadestrange

of

AI products andservicestohelpourcustomersputAItowork.

(7)

micro Explorer system specifications*

Hardware

specifications.

micro

Explorerprocessorandmemory

"

32-bit VLSI ExplorerLisp

microprocessor

"

4MB on-board memory

"

Optional 4MB orBMBmemory

expansionboard

"

32K wordx63 bit writable control

store

"

Seven application-specific VLSI chips

for buscontrol, Nußus data path, DRAM data path

MacintoshIIprocessorandmemory

"

32-bit 68020microprocessor, 15.7MHz

"

68881 floatingpointaccelerator

"

on-board2MBRAM, expandabletoBMB

"

256KSystemROM

Massstorage

Internal hard disk

40MBor 80MB formattedcapacity

SCSI interface

30ms averageseektime

937 kilobyte/secondtransferrate

External hard disk

80MB formatted capacity

Up tosix persystem

Internal diskette

800KB formattedcapacity ExternallU inch cartridgetape

40MBcapacity

Displays

"

12 inch monochrome display

640x480 pixel resolution

Displays 16graylevels(256with optional video expansionkit)

"

13 inch color display

640x480pixelresolution

Displays 16 colors from paletteo{16 million(256 with optional video

expansionkit)

"21 inch monochrome display

1152x870pixelresolution

Keyboardandmouse

"

105 key Apple Extended Keyboard

with Explorer overlays

"

One-buttonmousewith three-button

emulation Networking

"

AppleTalk® Personal Network

Interface

"

OptionalEtherTalk" Interface Card

Software

specifications.

Systemsoftware

"

CommonLisp

"

Flavors object-oriented system

"

Interpreter

"

TemporalGarbageCollection

"

Adaptive Dynamic Training

"

RemoteProcedure Call/ExternalData

Representation

" micro

interfaceExplorerroutinestoMacintoshII

Developmentsystem software

"

Common Lisp compiler

"

Zmacseditor

"

Debugger

"

Inspector

"

Peek utility

"

Trace utility

"

Windowsystem

"

Constraint frame editor

"

Zetalispextensions

"

Visidoc

"

Systemcompactiontool

Developmentsystemsoftwaresource

"

Lispsoftware andsourceofprogram

micro

Explorerdevelopmentsystem tools

"

Visidoc textbase and indexes

Otheroptions

"

TIProlog

"

TCP/IP

"

Network File System (NFS")

MacintoshIIsoftware

"

Systemtools

"

HyperCard"

"

Trainingdisks

(8)

,

:

Formoreinformation onthe Texas Instruments

micro

Explorercomputer

systemor other Explorerfamily members,pleasecontactyourlocal TI

accountrepresentative,orcall 1-800-527-3500,orwrite:

Texas Instruments Incorporated P.O. Box 2909

Mail Station 2240 Austin,TX 78769

Copyright

©

1988 Texas InstrumentsIncorporated

offices:

Argentina(748) 1141 Australia(02)8871122

Belgique/Belgie (02)243 30 80 Canada(416)8849181

Danmark(02)91 74 00

Deutschland

(08161) 80-4002 Eire(01)781677

Espaha (1)458 14 58 France(1)30 70 10 06 Nederland(020)5602911 HongKong (03) 722 1223 Italia(02) 25300.1 Japan (03) 4482111 Korea(02)462 8661 LatinAmerica Division

(Dallas) (214)995-7108 Middle East and Africa (France)

(93)222001 Norge(02) 155090 Osterreich(0222)9100.0 Schweiz/Suisse(01)74022 20 Singapore

3508100/2519818 Suomi/Finland

(90)0-461-422

Sverige (08) 793 91 70 Taiwan(02) 713 9311

United Kingdom (0234)224227

Texas Instrumentsreservestherighttochangeitsproduct andserviceofferingsat

any

timewithoutnotice.

Explorer,microExplorer,

Nußus,

Personal Consultant, and MegaChip aretrademarksofTexasInstrumentsIncorporated.

Apple,Macintosh andAppleTalkare registeredtrademarks andHyperCardand EtherTalkaretrademarksofApple

Computer,Inc.NFSisatrademarkofSun Microsystems,Inc.

*

Texas

Instruments

Printed inU.S.A.

For

more

information.

Orcontactthefollowinginternational

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