Scratching the Surface

ARCNET ^works

Two Decades of Networking

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Fall 1998

Text by Martha Stott

Inside ARCNETworks Two Decades of Networking

by Martha Stott . . . .cover

Scratching the Surface

by Martha Stott . . . .6

ARCNET Timeline

compiled by Martha Stott . . .7

The Newport Program

by George Beason . . . .8

Wild Ride with ARCNET

by Martha Stott . . . .9

History of the ARCNET Trade Association

by George Thomas . . . .10

John Murphy (Murf), ARCNET’s chief architect, continues to be amazed about the diverse applications for the

technology he developed

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ARC’s innovative network operating system—an

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ARCNET works

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■

Scratching the surface

The first samples of the ARCNET IC were delivered after the development team had been working on the project for a year. John Moschner recalls the excitement at finally seeing some concrete results:

“We had built a breadboard to plug the chip into, and the breadboard was connected with coax to a production version of the RIM, giving us a small, two-RIM network for evaluation purposes.

“We did not expect a perfect chip – that rarely happened in those days, but neither did we expect the disaster that awaited us. Shortly after the first die was packaged, the vendor called us with the bad news. There was a short in the layout and the clock signal was grounded! All of the important circuitry was run off of the central clock, so that meant that little could be achieved by testing the chip, and it would be another six weeks or so before new samples could be produced.

“We asked the vendor to send us some samples anyway, so we could at least look at them. We had just acquired Datapoint’s first probe device. It included a microscope for looking at the surface of the chip, and some microscopic needles attached to holders, which let you probe internal paths on the chip and measure voltages. We put one of the shorted chips under the microscope and began poking around with the needles. It was a chance to get some practice for those of us, like myself, who had never used a probe station.

“After a few days of poking we had accidentally made several scratches on the surface of the chip, when it occurred to us, if we could scratch the surface accidentally, maybe we could learn how to scratch it on purpose.

After a week or so, and after destroying several more of the samples, we

successfully scratched away the clock short on one of the chips. Operation

of the chip at that point was still marginal, but it ran well enough for us to

see that the design was highly functional, and our experience working with

scratched chips helped immeasurably in preparing us for when the next

samples arrived.”

ARCNET works

The ARCNET timeline

1968:

Datapoint Corp. founded in San Antonio, Texas

1969:

Harry Pyle, Vic Poor, and Jonathan Schmidt begin working on research and development concepts at Datapoint

1973:

Harry Pyle designs and builds a low speed LAN used in Jonathan Schmidt’s R&D group for printer and file sharing

1974:

Gordon Peterson joins to maintain and enhance Datapoint’s DOS to support new features, including several new types of disk drives

1975:

Peterson produces the Partition Supervisor at Datapoint, a software system making it possible to run multiple copies of the operating system (within the same CPU) against a single disk subsystem

1975:

Datapoint customers want a system that can support more than a dozen terminals.

Harry Pyle initiates work on a “Shared Resource Computer”

1976:

John Murphy joins Datapoint to design and develop ARCNET hardware. He hires his colleague, Ed Bertness

Vic Poor, senior vice president of research and development, elevates the project to top priority

Peterson develops initial Datapoint DOS ARC protocols

1977:

Lewis Donzis writes ARCSTAT program—which remains almost unchanged today

Peterson’s file server begins to be tested

First out-of-house installation completed at Chase Manhattan Bank in New York City

ARC system announced on Dec. 1 at press conference in New York

Newport program initiated to port the RIM to an LSI chip

1982:

ARCNET chips are made available outside Datapoint for first time

1985:

Novell incorporates ARCNET as an available product offering, selling over 300,000 units in the first year

1987:

The ARCNET Trade Association (ATA) is chartered

By the end of the year, more than one million ARCNET chips have been produced and sold

1988:

Production of ARCNET chips jumps to 800,000 per year

The ATA is certified as an ANSI standards development body

ANSI/ATA 878.1 becomes a standard

1998:

Over 7 million ARCNET chips have been produced to date

THE NEWPORT PROGRAM

By George Beason, September 4, 1998

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A Wild Ride With ARCNET

Len Shustek and three partners founded Nestar in late 1978 to build and sell networked systems of PCs using proprietary network hardware and software that Shustek designed. In 1982, Nestar created a diagnostic device using ARCNET technology that became known as the Sniffer.

“The Sniffer ™, whose lineage traces directly back to our

involvement in ARCNET, has been very good to me,” Shustek says.

Here’s his story:

“In late 1981, we decided to move to hardware and software that had a chance of being standardized.

We also wanted to avoid the common-bus topology that our network shared with Ethernet and whose disadvantages we were intimately familiar with. We chose ARCNET and were one of the first users of the SMC chipset in 1982.

We built network interface cards for the PCs, our own 68000-based servers and even our own hubs.

“In the lab, we also made a

diagnostic device out of a specially- modified network interface card that allowed the RIM chip to read all packets regardless of the destination address. Initially called TART (a play on “promiscuous receiver”), it was soon called the Sniffer. We made a dozen or so for our own use and even sold some to customers who

saw us use it and realized that it made debugging network software and applications so much easier.

“In 1985, we started working with TI on the IBM-defined Token Ring, but by 1986, the company was sold to DSC in Texas and I wanted out.

Harry Saal and I (the only two of the original four Nestar founders still there) left with the rights to the Sniffer—in exchange for all our shares in Nestar—and created Network General as a startup to make the Sniffer ™ (now our registered trademark) into a commercial product. For the first release, I redesigned the product from the ground up for Token Ring, and six months later I added an Ethernet version. We were an instant and surprise (to me!) success story.

We went public in 1989 with 29 employees, and by 1995 had about 600 employees and were selling about $150 million of Sniffer- derived products a year. In 1997, we merged with McAfee Associates in a transaction valued at $1.3 billion, which formed Network Associates.

“It’s ironic to me that Ethernet has now evolved towards the same kind of hub-based non-shared wiring configuration that ARCNET designers knew was better more than 15 years ago. Many people have said that with better marketing and standardization efforts, an ARCNET-like system might have become the dominant networking system instead of Ethernet.

Sic transit gloria mundi.”

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The Newport Program chip

History of the ARCNET Trade Association

by George Thomas, Contemporary Controls gthomas@ccontrol.com

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■

ARCNET works

Inaugural Meeting October 12-13, 1987

ARCNET Trade Association hereby honors the following:

Pioneering Sponsor

Contemporary Control Systems, Inc.

Founding Sponsors

Contemporary Control Systems, Inc. Gracon Services NCR Corporation Datapoint Corporation Standard Microsystems Corporation

Charter Sponsors

C. & C. Marketing Gracon Services Network General Corporation

Comendec, Ltd. Intelogic Trace, Inc. Performance Technology

Contemporary Control Systems, Inc. Intercim Corporation Raycom Systems, Inc.

Datapoint Corporation Lodden Technology Standard Microsystems Corporation

DSP Design NCR Corporation Tiac Systems, Inc.

Charter Members

American Financial Consulting Co., Inc. Gracon Services, Inc. Performance Technology, Inc.

Andover Controls Corporation Intelogic Trace, Inc. Pure Data, Inc.

ASG Industries, Inc. Intercim Corporation Pure Data, Ltd.

Codenoll Technology Key Computer Systems Raycom Systems, Inc.

C. & C. Marketing Lodden Technology Limited Standard Microsystems Corporation Contemporary Control Systems, Inc. Louis Allis/MagneTek Subject, Wills & Company

Datapoint Corporation Mich. Education Data Network Assn. Trac Systems, Inc.

DSP Design NCR Corporation Tri-Data Systems, Inc.

Earth Computer Technologies Network General Corporation Ziatech Corporation

Tom Holmes Michael Grady Geoff Karlin

Charles McCarthy Ernest Wassmann Tom Thompson

Gil Godreau Wolfgang Lodden Dale Thomlison

George Thomas Michael Shapiro John Titus

Randy Cochran Nick Cosentino Benjamin M. Wolfe

Bill Cox Michael Borsuk C. Andrew Larsen

Inaugural Board of Directors

Randy Cochran Geoff Karlin John Titus

Bill Cox Wolfgang Lodden Don Wills

Les Doss Rafael Lopez Benjamin M. Wolfe

Gil Godreau Michael Shapiro C. Andrew Larsen

Inaugural Officers

Chairman of the Board Senior Vice Chairman Treasurer

Benjamin M. Wolfe Randy Cochran Rafael Lopez

Secretary President, User Division President, System Design Division

C. Andrew Larsen Gil Godreau Les Doss

President, Supplier Division

Billy Cox

Bob Barton

Thomas-Conrad Corporation George Beason

Beason Associates John Corman

Corman Technologies, Inc.

Billy Cox Pure Data

Verlie Ellis

Network Interface Corp.

Michael Fischer Child Systems Peter Hellermann

Standard Microsystems Corporation Robert E. Hollingworth

Datapoint Corporation Ralph Malboeuf

Standard Microsystems Corporation

David Ruhberg NCR Corporation Barry Sadler

Datapoint Corporation Lorraine Thirion

Thomas-Conrad Corporation George Thomas

Contemporary Control Systems, Inc.

Standards Committee—February 1992

Bob Barton

Thomas-Conrad Corporation George Beason

Beason Associates Brian Beckerdite

Infinite Technologies Corp.

Brian Chee

University of Hawaii Joe M. Coffey Texas Dept. of Health Nicholas Cooper Comendec Ltd.

John Corman

Corman technologies, Inc.

Billy Cox Pure Data, Inc.

Rob Davidson Ziatech Corporation Doyle Doss

Armstrong Supply Verlie Ellis

Network Interface Corp.

Michael Fischer Child Systems, Inc.

Glenn Gadoua Syracuse Computers

Donald Gingold

Contemporary Control Systems, Inc.

Matt Graves

Wasatch Educational Systems Bruce Grief

County National West Bill Heath

Kyros Corporation Peter Hellermann

Standard Microsystems Corporation Jay Knutson

Niwot Networks Dan Kohner

UTMD Anderson Cancer Center Eric Lighthart

Systech Corporation Doug Lindhout Matrix Services Inc.

Bruce Lyons

Secretary of State – Canada Ralph Malboeuf

Standard Microsystems Corporation Gary Mazzaferro

Network Data Devices Mike McCubbin Tinker Air force Base

Scott McDonald Coastal Corp.

Steve Meyer

Avanti Technology, Inc.

Scott Meyer

O’Brien & Geer Engineers, Inc.

John Murphy

Performance Technology David Ruhberg

NCR Corporation John Ruiz

Johnson Controls Barry Sadler

Datapoint Corporation Jack Sinclair

Yamatech Connectivity Solutions Gregory Stauffer

Ingersoll-Rand Chuck Thurwachter Square D Company Ed Young

State of Washington

Dept. of Licensing, Bus. Lic. Serv.

ANSI Canvassee List—February 1992

ARCNET works

GARY ASBELL

Worked on HDLC interface, hardware and detailed protocol. His microcontroller design was converted and used in the original RIM design. Currently an independent consultant in San Antonio.

garya@perivision.com

GEORGE BEASON

Manager of the LSI chip project—The Newport Program—at Datapoint. Currently, executive director of the ARCNET Trade Association.

arcnettx@gvtc.com

ED BERTNESS

John Murphy’s colleague, hired to help design and develop ARCNET. Currently at Data Race, designing modems.

ebertness@datarace.com

BILLY COX

Conducted test verification for ANSI/ATA 878.1. Currently Director, System Engineering for Compaq Computer.

Billy.Cox@COMPAQ.com

LEWIS DONZIS

Author of the ARCSTAT program and a client-side program to insert print jobs into the print queue. Worked with Gordon Peterson and the R&D group while still in high school.

Currently Director of Engineering for the IP Appliance Group of Northern Telecom in San Antonio.

Lewis_Donzis@Baynetworks.com

MICHAEL FISCHER

Principal author of the ANSI/ATA 878.1 standard and developer of ARCNET-plus. Joined Datapoint in 1984. Also worked with ATA enhancment committee. Currently Chief Technology Officer at CHOICE Microsystems in San Antonio.

mfischer@child.com

GENE HUGHES

Assisted with original design and implementation work and author of the ATA NetBIOS. Currently with IP Appliance Group of Northern Telecom.

JOHN MOSCHNER

Played an integral part in converting the original RIM (Resource Interface Module) to an LSI chip. Currently, retired in San Antonio. jlm@texas.net

JOHN MURPHY

Hired in 1976 as a senior engineer to design and develop ARCNET hardware. Designed circuits for the original RIM: an 8-inch by 11-inch breadbox with 100 SSI and MSI ICs.

Currently, Senior Software Sorcerer at IP Appliance Group at Northern Telecom.

murf@perftech.com.

GORDON PETERSON

Wrote ARC’s innovative network operating system, an

indispensable part of ARCNET’s success. He proposed the LAN system software and the use of a dedicated server. Currently a computer consultant based in Dallas.

gep2@computek.net or gep2@usa.net.

http://www.computek.net/public/gep2/

VIC POOR

Senior vice president of Research and Development at Datapoint and Chief Technical Officer who is credited with inventing the name, Attached Resource Computer. Considered a guiding light, he elevated the project to top priority in 1976 and helped the team dodge company political potholes. Currently, retired and sailing the world.

vpoor@compuserve.com

HARRY PYLE

Primarily an OS software developer who liked to experiment with analog hardware because of his ham radio background, he was the driving force behind the development of ARCNET.

He etched the first circuit boards in his bathtub at home. By 1975 he was testing media, arbitration methods and topology for higher speed mechanisms. Currently, Chief Engineer, Human Factors at Corbis Corp.

harrypy@seanet.com

JONATHAN SCHMIDT

Part of the R&D “creative idea” group for ARCNET who managed the original design and implementation work. Early on, he grasped the idea that “the network is the computer.”

Considered an ARCNET evangelist. Currently with IP Appliance Group at Northern Telecom in San Antonio.

jon@perftech.com

LEN SHUSTEK

Founded Nestar in 1978 and became one of the first users of the SMC ARCNET chipset when it became available outside of Datapoint in 1982. Developed the ARCNET “Sniffer.” Currently a part-time “Fellow” at Network General/Associates.

len@shustek.com

KEY ARCNET PARTICIPANTS

What are they doing today?

Martha Stott MAStott@aol.com Freelance journalist Martha Stott is president of Say It

Now, a custom gift service that publishes commemorative news stories for all occasions. For information, call toll-free, 1-888-863-0070.

George Beason arcnettx@gvtc.com Mr. Beason is the executive director of the ARCNET Trade Association

George Thomas gthomas@ccontrol.com Mr. Thomas is president of

Contemporary Controls About the newsletter contributors

Get involved today!

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