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Supplementary File C: Additional references

Atlantic and SW Indian MORBS:

This Database, created in 2017, includes mostly downloads from PetDB (https://www.earthchem.org/petdb) with the following search criteria:

Geographical Name: Ocean: Atlantic; Tectonic Name: Spreading Center; Classification:

igneous: volcanic: mafic: Basalt

Andres M., Blichert-Toft J. and Schilling J.G. (2002) Hafnium isotopes in basalts from the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge from 40° to 55°S: Discovery and Shona plume-Ridge interactions and the role of recycled sediments, Geochem. Geoph. Geosys. 3, 25pp Beier C., Haase K.M., Abouchami W., Krienitz M.S. and Hauff F. (2008) Magma genesis by

rifting of oceanic lithosphere above anomalous mantle: Terceira rift, Azores, Geochem. Geoph. Geosys. 9, 26pp

Blichert-Toft J., Agranier A., Andres M., Kingsley R.H., Schilling J.G. and Albarède F.

(2005) Geochemical segmentation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge North of Iceland and Ridge-Hot Spot Interaction in the North Atlantic, Geochem. Geoph. Geosys. 6, 27pp Castillo P.R., Batiza, Rodey (1989) Strontium, neodymium and lead isotope constraints on

near-ridge seamount production beneath the South Atlantic, Nature 342, 262-265 Chauvel C. and Blichert-Toft J. (2001) A hafnium and trace element perspective on melting

of depleted mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 190, 137-151

Cohen R.S. and O’Nions R.K. (1982) The lead, neodymium and strontium isotopic structure of Ocean Ridge Basalts, J. Petrol. 23, 299-324

Cohen R.S., Evensen N.M., Hamilton P.J. and O’Nions R.K. (1980) U-Pb, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr systematics of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt glasses, Nature 283, 149-153

Debaille V., Blichert-Toft J., Agranier A., Doucelance R., Schiano P. and Albarède F. (2006) Geochemical component relationschips in MORB from the mid-Atlantic ridge, 22- 35°N, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 241, 844-862

Dosso L., Hanan B.B., Bougault H., Schilling J.G. and Joron J.-L. (1991) Sr-Nd-Pb- geochemical morphology between 10°N and 17°N on the mid-Atlantic ridge: a new MORB isotope signature, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 106, 29-43

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Dosso L., Bougault H. and Joron J.-L. (1993) Geochemical morphology of the North mid- Atlantic ridge, 10°-24°N: trace element – isotope complementarity, Earth Planet. Sci.

Lett. 120, 443-462

Dosso L., Bougault H., Langmuir C.H., Bollinger C., Bonnier O. and Etoubleau J. (1999) The age and distribution of mantle heterogeneity along the mid-Atlantic ridge (31-41°N), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 170, 269-286

Douglass J., Schilling J.G. and Fontignie D. (1999) Plume-ridge interactions of the Discovery and Shona mantle plumes with the Southern mid-Atlantic ridge (40-55 degree South), J. Geoph. Res. 104, 2941-2962

Dupré B. and Allègre C.J. (1983) Pb-Sr isotope variations in Indian Ocean basalts and mixing phenomena, Nature 303, 142-146

Fontignie D. and Schilling J.G. (1996) Mantle heterogeneities beneath the South Atlantic: a Nd-Sr-Pb isotopes study along the mid-Atlantic ridge (3°S-46°S), Earth Planet Sci.

Lett. 142, 209-221

Frey F.A., Walker N., Stakes D., Hart S.R. and Nielsen R.L. (1993) Geochemical characteristics of basaltic glasses from the Amar and Famous axial valleys, mid- Atlantic ridge (36-37°N): Petrogenetic implications, Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 115, 117- 136

Graham D.W., Castillo P.R., Lupton J.E., Batiza, Rodey, (1996) Correlated He and Sr isotope ratios in South Atlantic near-ridge seamounts and implications for mantle dynamics, Earth Planetary Sci. Lett. 144, 491-503

Hamelin B., Dupré B. and Allègre C.J. (1984) Lead-strontium isotopic variations along the East Pacific Rise and the mid-Atlantic ridge: A comparative study, Earth Planet Sci.

Lett. 67, 340-350

Hamelin B. and Allègre C.J. (1985) Large-scale regional units in the depleted upper mantle revealed by an isotope study of the South-West Indian Ridge, Nature 315, 196-199 Hamelin B., Dupré B. and Allègre C.J. (1985) Pb-Sr-Nd isotope data of Indian Ocean ridges:

New evidence pf large-scale mapping of mantle heterogeneities, Earth Planetary Sci.

Lett. 76, 288-298 30

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58

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Hanan B.B., Kingsley R.H. and Schilling J.G. (1986) Pb isotope evidence in the South Atlantic for migrating ridge-hot spots interactions, Nature 322, 137-144

Ito E., White W.M., von Drach V., Hofmann A.W. and James D.E. (1980) Isotopic studies of ocean ridge basalts, Carnegie Institute, DTM, Annual Report, 465-471

Ito E., White W.M. and Goepel C. (1987) The O, Sr, Nd and Pb isotope geochemistry of mid- oceans ridge basalts, Chem. Geol. 62, 157-176

Kamenetsky V.S., Maas R., Sushchevskaya N.M., Norman M.D., Cartwright I. and Peyve A.

(2001) Remnant of Gondwana continental lithosphere in oceanic upper mantle;

evidence from the South Atlantic ridge, Geology 29, 243-246

Kurz M.D., Le Roex A.P. and Dick H.J.B. (1998) Isotope geochemistry of the Oceanic Mantle near the Bouvet Triple Junction, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62, 841-852 Lawson K., Searle R.C., Pearce J.A., Browning P. and Kempton P.D. (1996) Detailed

volcanic geology and geochemistry of the Marnock area (mid-Atlantic ridge north of Kane transform), In Tectonic, magmatic, hydrothermal and biological segmentation of mid-ocean ridges (Eds MacLeod C.J., Taylor P.A. and Walker C.L), Geol. Soc. Spec.

Publ. 118, 61-102

Le Roex A.P., Dick H.J.B., Erlank A.J., Reid A.M., Frey F.A. and Hart S.R. (1983) Geochemistry, mineralogy and petrogenesis of lavas erupted along the southwest Indian ridge between the Bouvet Triple Junction and 11 degree, J. Petrol. 24, 267-318 Le Roex A.P., Dick H.J.B., Reid A.M., Frey F.A., Erlank A.J. and Hart S.R. (1985) Petrology

and geochemistry of basalts from the American-Antarctic Ridge, Southern Ocean:

Implications for the westward influence of the Bouvet mantle-plume, Contrib.

Mineral. Petrol. 90, 367-380

Le Roex A.P., Dick H.J.B., Levent G., Reid A.M. and Erlank A.J. (1987) Local and regional heterogeneity in MORB from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 54.5°S and 51°S:

Evidence for geochemical enrichment, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 541-555

Mahoney J.J., Natland J.H., White W.M., Poreda R.J., Bloomer S.H., Fisher R.L. and Baxter A.N. (1989) Isotopic and geochemical provinces of the western Indian Ocean spreading centers, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 4033-4052

59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

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Mahoney J.J., Le Roex A.P., Peng Z., Fisher R.L. and Natland J.H. (1992) Southwestern limits of Indian Ocean Ridge mantle and the origin of low 206Pb/204Pb mid-ocean ridge basalt: isotope systematics of the central southwest Indian Ridge (17°-50°), J.

Geophys. Res. 97, 19771-19790

Mertz D.F., Devey C.W., Tpdt W., Stoffers P. and Hofmann A.W. (1991) Sr-Nd-Pb isotope evidence against plume-asthenosphere mixing north of Iceland, Earth Planetary Sci.

Lett. 107, 243-255

Meyzen C.M., Blichert-Toft J., Ludden J.N., Humler E., Mevel C. and Albarède F. (2007) Isotopic portrayal of the Earth’s upper mantle flow field, Nature 447, 1069-1074 Moeller H. (2010) Magma genesis and mantle sources at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge East of

Ascension Island, PhD Thesis Christian-Albrechts Universität Kiel

Nauret F., Abouchami W., Galer S.J.G., Hofmann A.W., Hemond C., Chauvel C. and Dyment J. (2006) Correlated trace element-Pb isotope enrichments in Indian MORB along 18- 20°S, central Indian Ridge, Earth Planetary Sci. Lett. 245, 1237-152

Nishio Y., Nakai, S.I., Ishii T. and Sano Y. (2007) Isotope systematics of Li, Sr, Nd, and volatiles in Indian Ocean MORBS of the Rodrigues Triple Juction: Constraints on the origin of the Dupal Anomaly, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 71, 745-759

Paquet M., Cannat M., Brunelli D., Hamelin C. and Humler E. (2016) Effect of melt/mantle interactions on MORB chemistry at the easternmost Southwest Indian Ridge (61- 67°E), Geochem. Geophys. Geosystems 17, doi: 10.1002/2016GC006385

Paulick H., Muenker C. and Schuth S. (2010) The influence of small-scale mantle heterogeneities on Mid-Ocean Ridge volcanism: Evidence from the Southern Mid- Atlantic Ridge (7°30’S to 11°30’S) and Ascension Island, Earth Planetary Sci. Lett.

Rehkaemper M. and Hofmann A.W. (1997) Recycled ocean crust and sediment in Indian Ocean MORB, Earth Planetary Sci. Lett. 147, 93-106

Roy-Barman M., Wasserburg G.J., Papanastassiou D.A. and Chaussidon M. (1998) Osmium isotopic compositions and Re-Os concentrations in sulfide globules from basaltic glasses, Earth Planet Sci Lett 154, 331-347

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Schiano P., Birck J.L., Allegre C.J. (1997) Osmium-strontium-neodymium-lead isotopic covariations in Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt glasses and the heterogeneity of the upper mantle, Earth Planetary Sci. Lett. 150, 363-379

Schilling J.G., Hanan B.B., McCully B.L., Kingsley R.H. and Fontignie D. (1994) Influence of the Serra Leone mantle plume on the equatorial mid-Atlantic ridge, J. Geophys.

Res. 99, 12005-12028

Schilling J.G., Kingsley R.H., Fontignie D., Poreda R.J. and Xue S. (1999) Dispersion of the Jan Mayen and Iceland mantle plumes in the Arctic: A He-Pb-Sr- isotope tracer study of basalts from the Kolbeinsey, Mohns and Knipovich ridges, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 10543 - 10569

Bouvet – Crozet – Marion Island – Prince Edward Island

This database, created in 2015, includes downloads from Georoc (http://georoc.mpch- mainz.gwdg.de/georoc/) with the following search criteria:

Query by Geological setting: Ocean Island; Rock Type: Volcanic Rock; Type of Material.

Volcanic Glass/Whole Rock

Barry T.L., Pearce J.A., Leat P.T., Millar I.L. and Le Roex A.P. (2006) Hf isotope evidence for selective mobility of high-field-strength elements in a subduction setting: South Sandwich Islands, Earth Planetary Sci. Lett. 252, 223-244

Breton T., Nauret F., Picjat S. Moine B.N., Moreira M.A., Rose-Koga E.F., Auclair D., Bosq C. and Wavrant L.-M (2013) Geochemical heterogeneities within the Crozet hotspot, Earth Planetary Sci. Lett. 376, 126-136

Dupré B. and Allègre C.J. (1983) Pb-Sr isotope variations in Indian Ocean basalts and mixing phenomena, Nature 303, 142-146

Hart S.R. (1988) Heterogeneous mantle domains: signatures; genesis and mixing chronology, Earth Planetary Sci. Lett. 90, 273-296

Le Roex A.P., Chevallier L., Verwoerd W.J. and Barends R. (2012) Petrology and

geochemistry of Marion and Prince Edward Islands, Southern Ocean: Magma chamber 116

117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143

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processes and source region characteristics, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 223-224, 11- 28

Mahoney J.J., Le Roex A.P., Peng Z., Fisher R.L. and Natland J.H. (1992) Southwestern limits of Indian Ocean Ridge mantle and the origin of low 206Pb/204Pb mid-ocean ridge basalt: isotope systematics of the central southwest Indian Ridge (17°-50°), J.

Geophys. Res. 97, 19771-19790

O’Nions R.K. and Pankhurst R.J. (1974) Petrogenetic significance of isotope and trace element variations in volcanic rocks from the Mid-Atlantic, J. Petrol. 15, 603-634 O’Nions R.K., Hamilton P.J. and Evensen N.M. (1977) Variations in 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr

ratios in oceanic basalts, Earth Planetary Sci. Lett. 34, 13-22

Salters V.J.M. and White W.M. (1998) Hf isotope constraints on mantle evolution, Chem.

Geol. 145, 447-460

Sun S.-S. (1980) Lead isotopic study of young volcanic rocks from Mid-Ocean Ridges, Ocean Islands and Island Arcs, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A297, 409-445

Paraná-Etendeka Continental Flood Basalts

This database, created in 2015, includes downloads from Georoc (http://georoc.mpch- mainz.gwdg.de/georoc/) with the following search criteria:

Query by Geological setting: Continental Flood Basalt; Rock Type: Volcanic Rock; Type of Material. Volcanic Glass/Whole Rock

Allsopp H. L., Manton W. I., Bristow J. W., Erlank A. J. (1984) Rb-Sr geochronology of Karoo felsic volcanics, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 13, 273-280

Allsopp H. L., Bristow J. W., Logan C. T., Eales H. V., Erlank A. J. (1984) Rb-Sr

Geochronology of three Karoo-related intrusive complexes, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S.

Afr. 13, 281-287

Bellieni G., Brotzu P., Comin-Chiaramonti P., Ernesto M., Melfi A. J., Pacca I. G., Piccirillo E. M., Stolfa D. (1983) Petrological and paleomagnetic data on the plateau basalt to 144

145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171

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rhyolite sequences of the Southern Parana basin (Brazil), An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc. 55, 355-383

Bellieni G., Brotzu P., Comin-Chiaramonti P., Ernesto M., Melfi A. J., Pacca I. G., Piccirillo E. M. (1984) Flood basalt to rhyolite suites in the Southern Paraná plateau (Brazil):

paleomagnetism, petrogenesis and geodynamic implications, J. Petrol. 25, 579-618 Bellieni G., Comin-Chiaramonti P., Martinez L. A., Marques L. S., Melfi A. J., Nardy A. J.

R., Piccirillo E. M., Stolfa D. (1986) Continental flood basalts from the central- western regions of the Parana plateau (Paraguay and Argentina): petrology and petrogenetic aspects, Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Abh. 154, 111-139

Bristow J. W., Allsopp H. L., Erlank A. J., Marsh J. S., Armstrong R. A. (1984) Strontium isotope characterization of Karoo volcanic rocks, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 13, 295-329

Cordani U. G., Civetta L., Mantovani M. S. M., Peirce J. W., Kawashita K., Hawkesworth C.

J., Taylor P., Longinelli G., Cavazzini G., Piccirillo E. M. (1988) Isotope

geochemistry of flood volcanics from the Parana basin (Brazil), in: The Mesozoic flood volcanism of the Paraná basin (Piccirillo, E. M., Melfi, A. J.), Instituto Astronomico E Geofisico, 157-178

Erlank A. J., Marsh J. S., Duncan A. R., Miller R. Mcg., Hawkesworth C. J., Betton P. J., Rex D. C. (1984) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Etendeka volcanic rocks from South West Africa/Namibia, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 13, 195-245

Ewart A., Milner S. C., Armstrong R. A., Duncan R. A. (1998) Etendeka volcanism of the Goboboseb Mountains and Messum Igneous Complex, Namibia, Part I. Geochemical evidence of early cretaceous Tristan plume melts and the role of crustal contamination in the Paraná-Etendeka CFB, J. Petrol. 39, 191-225

Ewart A., Milner S. C., Armstrong R. A., Duncan R. A. (1998) Etendeka volcanism of the Goboboseb Mountains and Messum Igneous Complex, Namibia. Part II. Voluminous quartz latite volcanism of the Awahab magma system, J. Petrol. 39, 227-253

Ewart A., Marsh J. S., Milner D. M., Duncan A. R., Kamber B. S., Armstrong R. A. (2004) Petrology and geochemistry of Early Cretaceous bimodal continental flood volcanism of the NW Etendeka, Namibia. Part 2: Characteristics and petrogenesis of the High-Ti 172

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latite and High-Ti and Low-Ti voluminous quartz latite eruptives, J. Petrol. 45, 107- 138

Ewart A., Marsh J. S., Milner D. M., Duncan A. R., Kamber B. S., Armstrong R. A. (2004) Petrology and geochemistry of early Cretaceous bimodal Continental Flood

Volcanism of the NW Etendeka, Namibia. Part 1: Introduction, mafic lavas and re- evaluation of mantle source components, J. Petrol. 45, 59-105

Garland F. E., Hawkesworth C. J., Mantovani M. S. M. (1995) Description and petrogenesis of the Parana rhyolites, J. Petrol. 36, 1193-1227

Garland F. E., Turner Simon P., Hawkesworth C. J. (1996) Shifts in the source of the Paraná basalts through time, Lithos 37, 223-243

Gibson S. A., Thompson R. N., Leonardos O. H., Dickin A. P., Mitchell J. G. (1999) The limited extent of plume-lithosphere interaction during continental flood basalt genesis:

geochemical evidence from Cretaceous magmatism in Southern Brazil, Contrib.

Mineral. Petrol. 137, 147-169

Gibson S. A., Thompson R. N., Dickin A. P. (2000) Ferropicrites: Geochemical evidence for Fe-rich streaks in upwelling mantle plumes, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 174, 355-374 Gibson S. A., Thompson R. N., Day J. A., Humphris S. E., Dickin A. P. (2005) Melt-

generation processes associated with the Tristan mantle plume: Constraints on the origin of EM-1, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 237, 744-767

Harris C., Marsh J. S., Milner S. C. (1999) Petrology of the alkaline core of the Messum Igneous Complex, Namibia: Evidence for the progressive decreasing effect of crustal contamination, J. Petrol. 40, 1377-1397

Hawkesworth C. J., Marsh J. S., Duncan A. R., Erlank A. J., Norry M. J. (1984) The role of continental lithosphere in the generation of the Karoo volcanic rocks: Evidence from combined Nd- and Sr-isotope studies, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 13, 341-354 Hawkesworth C. J., Mantovani M. S. M., Taylor P. N., Palacz Z. A. (1986) Evidence from the

Parana of South Brazil for a continental contribution to DUPAL basalts, Nature 322, 356-359

202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229

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Hawkesworth C. J., Harding A. J., Kelley S. P., Mantovani M. S. M., Peate D. W., Regelous M., Rogers N. W. (1992) Paraná magmatism and the opening of the South Atlantic, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. London 68, 221-240

Hughes S. S., Schmitt R. A., Wang Y. L., Wasserburg G. J. (1986) Trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic constraints on the compositions of lithospheric primary sources of Serra Geral continental flood basalts, Southern Brazil, Geochem. J. 20, 173-189

Iacumin P., Piccirillo E. M., Longinelli G. (1991) Oxygen isotopic composition of lower Cretaceous tholeiites and Precambrian basement rocks from the Parana basin (Brazil):

the role of water-rock interaction, Chem. Geol. 86, 225-237

Kirstein L. A., Peate D. W., Hawkesworth C. J., Turner Simon P., Harris C., Mantovani M. S.

M. (2000) Early Cretaceous basaltic and rhyolitic magmatism in Southern Uruguay associated with the opening of the South Atlantic, J. Petrol. 41, 1413-1438

Le Roex A. P., Lanyon R. (1998) Isotope and trace element geochemistry of cretaceous Damaraland lamprophyres and carbonatites, northwestern Namibia: Evidence for plume-lithosphere interactions, J. Petrol. 39, 1117-1146

Lustrino M., Melluso L., Brotzu P., Gomes C. B., Morbidelli L., Muzio R., Ruberti E., Tassinari C. C. G. (2005) Petrogenesis of the Early Cretaceous Valle Chico Igneous Complex (SE Uruguay): relationships with Parana-Etendeka magmatism, Lithos 82, 407-434

Mantovani M. S. M., Hawkesworth C. J. (1988) crustal contaminaton inverted: some preliminary results, Rev. Bras. Geocienc. 18, 27-32

Mantovani M. S. M., Cordani U. G., Roisenberg A. (1985) Isotopic composition of acid volcanic rocks of the Parana basin, and genetic implications, Rev. Bras. Geocienc. 15, 61-65

Mantovani M. S. M., Marques L. S., De Sousa M. A., Civetta L., Atalla L., Innocenti F.

(1985) Trace elements and Strontium isotope constraints on the origin and evolution of Parana Continental Flood Basalts of Santa Catarina state (southern Brazil), J. Petrol.

26, 187-209

Mantovani M. S. M., Peate D. W., Hawkesworth C. J. (1988) Geochemical stratigraphy of Paraná continental flood basalts: a contribution from borehole samples, in: The 230

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Mesozoic flood volcanism of the Paraná basin (Piccirillo, E. M., Melfi, A. J.), Instituto Astronomico E Geofisico, 15-24

Marques L. S., Dupre B., Piccirillo E. M. (1999) Mantle source compositions of the Paraná magmatic province (Southern Brazil): evidence from trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry, J. Geodynamics 28, 439-458

Peate D. W., Hawkesworth C. J. (1996) Lithospheric to asthenospheric transition in Low-Ti flood basalts from southern Parana, Brazil, Chem. Geol. 127, 1-24

Peate D. W., Mantovani M. S. M., Hawkesworth C. J. (1988) Geochemical stratigraphy of the Parana Continental Flood Basalts: Borehole evidence, Rev. Bras. Geocienc. 18, 212- 221

Peate D. W., Hawkesworth C. J., Mantovani M. S. M., Rogers N. W., Turner Simon P. (1999) Petrogenesis and stratigraphy of the High-Ti/Y Urubici magma type in the Paraná flood basalt province and implications for the nature of “DUPAL”-type mantle in the South Atlantic region, J. Petrol. 40, 451-473

Petrini R., Civetta L., Piccirillo E. M., Bellieni G., Comin-Chiaramonti P., Marques L. S., Melfi A. J. (1987) Mantle heterogeneity and crustal contamination in the genesis of Low-Ti continental flood basalts from the Parana plateau (Brazil): Sr-Nd isotopes and geochemical evidence, J. Petrol. 28, 701-726

Piccirillo E. M., Raposo M. I. B., Melfi A. J., Comin-Chiaramonti P., Bellieni G., Cordani U.

G., Kawashita K. (1987) Bimodal fissural volcanic suites from the Parana basin (Brazil): K-Ar Age, Sr-isotopes and geochemistry, Geochimica Bras. 1, 53-69

Rocha-Junior E. R. V., Puchtel I. S., Marques L. S., Walker R. J., Machado F. B., Nardy A. J.

R., Babinski M., Figueiredo A. M. G. (2012) Re-Os isotope and highly siderophile element systematics of the Paraná Continental Flood Basalts (Brazil), Earth Planet.

Sci. Lett. 337-338, 164-173

Stewart K., Turner Simon P., Kelley S. P., Hawkesworth C. J., Kirstein L. A., Mantovani M.

S. M. (1996) 3D 40Ar/39Ar geochronology in the Parana Continental Flood Basalt Province, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 143, 95-109

Thiede D. S., Vasconcelos P. M. (2010) Paraná flood basalts: rapid extrusion hypothesis confirmed by new 40Ar/39Ar results, Geology 38, 747-750

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Thompson R. N., Gibson S. A., Dickin A. P., Smith P. M. (2001) Early Cretaceous basalt and picrite dykes of the southern Etendeka region, NW Namibia: Windows into the role of the Tristan mantle plume in Parana-Etendeka magmatism, J. Petrol. 42, 2049-2081 Thompson R. N., Riches A. J. V., Antoshechkina P. M., Pearson D. G., Nowell G. M., Ottley

C. J., Dickin A. P., Hards V. L., Nguno A.-K., Niku-Paavola V. (2007) Origin of CFB magmatism: multi-tiered intracrustal picrite-rhyolite magmatic plumbing at

Spitzkoppe, western Namibia, during early Cretaceous Etendeka magmatism, J.

Petrol. 48, 1119-1154

Turner Simon P., Regelous M., Kelley S. P., Hawkesworth C. J., Mantovani M. S. M. (1994) Magmatism and continental break-up in the South Atlantic: high precision 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 121, 333-348

Turner Simon P., Peate D. W., Hawkesworth C. J., Mantovani M. S. M. (1999) Chemical stratigraphy of the Paraná basalt succession in Western Uruguay: further evidence for the diachronous nature of the Paraná magma types, J. Geodynamics 28, 459-469 Turner Simon P., Kirstein L. A., Hawkesworth C. J., Peate D. W., Hallinan S., Mantovani M.

S. M. (1999) Petrogenesis of an 800 m Lava Sequence in Eastern Uruguay: insights into magma chamber processes beneath the Paraná flood basalt province, J.

Geodynamics 28, 471-487 290

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