The Fair Labor Standards Act Of 1938, As Amended

The Fair Labor Standards Act Of 1938, As Amended

U.S. Department of Labor

Wage and Hour Division

WH Publication 1318

Revised May 2011

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The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended 29 U.S.C. 201, et seq.

To provideforthe establishmentof fairlaborstandards inemploymentsinand affecting interstatecommerce,andforother purposes.

Beit enactedbythe SenateandHouseofRepresentativesof the UnitedStatesof AmericainCongress assembled,Thatthis Actmay be citedasthe “FairLabor Standards Act of 1938”.

§ 201. Short title

Thischaptermay becited asthe “FairLaborStandardsActof 1938”.

§ 202. Congressional finding and declaration of policy

(a) The Congress finds that the existence, in industries engaged in commerce or in the productionof goodsforcommerce,oflabor conditionsdetrimentalto the

maintenanceof theminimum standardof livingnecessary forhealth,efficiency, and generalwell-beingof workers

(1)causescommerce andthe channelsandinstrumentalities ofcommerce to be usedto spreadandperpetuatesuchlabor conditionsamongthe workersof the severalStates;

(2)burdenscommerce andthe freeflowof goodsincommerce;

(3)constitutes anunfairmethodof competition incommerce;

(4)leads tolabordisputesburdening andobstructingcommerceandthe free flowof goodsincommerce;and

(5)interferes withtheorderly andfairmarketingof goodsincommerce.That Congress furtherfindsthat theemployment ofpersonsindomesticservicein householdsaffectscommerce.

(b)It isdeclaredtobe thepolicy of thischapter, throughthe exerciseby Congress of itspowertoregulate commerceamongthe severalStatesandwithforeign nations, tocorrect andasrapidlyaspracticableto eliminatethe conditionsabove referredtoinsuchindustries withoutsubstantiallycurtailing employmentorearning power.

Sec. 203

§ 203. Definitions

Asusedinthis chapter—

(a) “Person”meansanindividual, partnership,association,corporation, business trust,legal representative, oranyorganizedgroupof persons.

(b)“Commerce” meanstrade,commerce,transportation,transmission, or communicationamongtheseveral StatesorbetweenanyState andany place outsidethereof.

(c)“State”means anyState ofthe UnitedStatesortheDistrictof Columbiaorany Territory orpossession of theUnitedStates.

(d)“Employer”includesany personactingdirectly orindirectlyinthe interestofan employer inrelation toanemployeeandincludes apublicagency, butdoes not include anylabororganization (otherthanwhenactingas anemployer) oranyone actinginthecapacity ofofficeroragentof suchlabororganization.

(e) (1)Except asprovided inparagraphs(2),(3),and(4),theterm “employee”

meansany individualemployed byanemployer.

(2)Inthe caseofanindividualemployed by apublicagency,suchterm means—

(A)any individualemployed bythe Government ofthe UnitedStates—

(i) asacivilianinthemilitary departments(asdefined in section102of Title 5),

(ii)inanyexecutive agency(asdefined insection105of such title),

(iii)inanyunit ofthe judicialbranchof the Governmentwhich has positionsinthecompetitive service,

(iv) ina nonappropriatedfundinstrumentality underthe jurisdictionof theArmed Forces,

(v)inthe Library ofCongress, or (vi) theGovernment PrintingOffice;

(B)any individualemployedby the UnitedStatesPostalService orthe PostalRegulatoryCommission;and

(C)any individualemployed by aState,politicalsubdivisionof a State,oraninterstate governmentalagency, otherthansuchan individual—

Sec. 203(e)(2)(C)(i)

(i) whoisnot subject tothe civilservicelawsof the State, politicalsubdivision,oragencywhichemployshim; and (ii)who—

(I)holdsapublic electiveofficeof that State,political subdivision,oragency,

(II)isselectedby theholder of suchanoffice tobe a memberof hispersonal staff,

(III)isappointedby suchanofficeholdertoserveona policymakinglevel,

(IV)isanimmediate advisertosuchan officeholder withrespect totheconstitutional orlegalpowers ofhis office,or

(V)isanemployeeinthe legislativebranchor legislative bodyofthat State,politicalsubdivision, or agencyandisnotemployedby the legislativelibrary of suchState, politicalsubdivision,oragency.

(3)For purposesof subsection(u)of this section,suchtermdoes notinclude any individualemployedby an employerengaged inagricultureif such

individualisthe parent,spouse,child, or othermemberofthe employer’s immediatefamily.

(4) (A)Theterm“employee”does notinclude any individualwho

volunteersto performservicesforapublic agencywhichisa State,a politicalsubdivisionof aState,oran interstate governmentalagency, if—

(i) theindividual receivesnocompensationorispaid expenses, reasonablebenefits, oranominalfee toperformthe services forwhich theindividualvolunteered; and

(ii)suchservicesarenotthe sametype ofserviceswhich the individualisemployed toperform forsuchpublicagency.

(B)Anemployeeof apublic agencywhich isaState, political subdivisionof aState, oraninterstate governmentalagencymay volunteer toperformservicesforany otherState, politicalsubdivision, orinterstategovernmental agency,including aState,political

subdivisionoragencywith whichthe employingState, political subdivision,oragencyhas amutual aidagreement.

(5)Theterm“employee”does notinclude individualswhovolunteer their servicessolelyforhumanitarian purposesto privatenon-profit foodbanksand whoreceivefrom the foodbanksgroceries.

Sec. 203(f)

(f)“Agriculture”includes farminginallits branchesandamongotherthings includes the cultivationandtillageof thesoil, dairying,the production,cultivation, growing, andharvesting of anyagricultural orhorticultural commodities (including

commodities defined asagriculturalcommodities insection1141j(g) ofTitle 12),the raising oflivestock, bees,fur-bearinganimals,orpoultry,andany practices

(includingany forestryorlumberingoperations)performed bya farmeroronafarm asanincidentto orinconjunction withsuchfarmingoperations,including

preparationformarket, delivery tostorageortomarketortocarriersfor transportationto market.

(g)“Employ” includestosuffer orpermit towork.

(h)“Industry” meansatrade, business,industry,orotheractivity, orbranchor groupthereof, inwhichindividualsare gainfullyemployed.

(i) “Goods”meansgoods(includingshipsandmarine equipment),wares,products, commodities,merchandise, orarticlesorsubjectsof commerceof any character,or any partoringredient thereof,butdoesnotincludegoodsaftertheirdeliveryinto the actualphysicalpossession ofthe ultimateconsumerthereof otherthana producer, manufacturer,orprocessorthereof.

(j) “Produced”meansproduced, manufactured,mined, handled,orinanyother mannerworkedoninany State;andforthe purposesof thischapter anemployee shallbedeemed tohave beenengagedinthe productionof goodsifsuchemployee wasemployed inproducing,manufacturing,mining,handling,transporting,orinany othermannerworkingonsuchgoods, orinany closelyrelatedprocessoroccupation directly essentialtothe productionthereof,inany State.

(k) “Sale”or “sell”includesany sale,exchange, contract tosell, consignmentfor sale, shipmentforsale,orotherdisposition.

(l) “Oppressivechildlabor” meansacondition ofemployment underwhich

(1)any employeeunderthe ageof sixteenyearsis employedby anemployer (otherthanaparent orapersonstanding inplaceof aparent employinghis ownchildorachild inhis custody undertheage of sixteenyearsinan

occupationother thanmanufacturingormining oranoccupation foundbythe Secretaryof Labortobe particularlyhazardousfortheemploymentof

childrenbetweenthe agesof sixteenandeighteen yearsordetrimentalto theirhealthorwell-being) inanyoccupation,or

(2)any employeebetweenthe agesof sixteenandeighteen yearsis employedby anemployerinany occupationwhich theSecretary of Labor shallfindandby orderdeclaretobe particularlyhazardousforthe

employmentof childrenbetweensuchagesor detrimentaltotheirhealth or well-being; butoppressivechild laborshallnotbe deemedto existbyvirtue of theemploymentinany occupationof any personwithrespect towhomthe employer shallhave onfile anunexpired certificateissuedandheldpursuant toregulationsof the Secretaryof Laborcertifying that suchpersonisabove the oppressivechild-laborage.TheSecretaryof Labor shallprovide by regulationorby orderthat theemploymentof employeesbetweenthe ages of fourteenand sixteenyearsinoccupations otherthanmanufacturing and

Sec. 203(l)(2)

miningshallnotbe deemedtoconstituteoppressivechildlaborif andtothe extentthat the Secretaryof Labordetermines that suchemploymentis confinedtoperiodswhich willnotinterferewiththeirschooling andto conditions which will not interfere with their health and well-being.

(m) “Wage”paidtoany employeeincludesthe reasonablecost, asdeterminedby the Administrator,tothe employerof furnishingsuchemployeewith board,lodging, orotherfacilities, ifsuchboard,lodging, orotherfacilitiesare customarilyfurnished by suchemployer tohis employees:Provided, Thatthecostof board,lodging,or otherfacilities shallnotbe includedasapartof thewagepaidtoany employeeto the extentitisexcluded therefromunderthetermsof abonafidecollective-

bargainingagreementapplicableto theparticularemployee:Providedfurther, That the Secretaryis authorizedtodeterminethefairvalue of suchboard,lodging,or otherfacilities fordefinedclasses of employeesand indefined areas,based on averagecosttothe employerortogroupsof employerssimilarly situated,or averagevalue togroups ofemployees, orotherappropriate measuresof fairvalue.

Suchevaluations, whereapplicable andpertinent,shallbeusedinlieuof actual measureof costindeterminingthewagepaidto anyemployee. Indeterminingthe wageanemployerisrequired topay atippedemployee, theamountpaidsuch employeeby theemployee’semployer shallbeanamountequalto—

(1)the cashwagepaidsuchemployeewhich forpurposesof such

determination shallbe notlessthanthe cashwagerequiredtobe paidsuch anemployeeonAugust20,1996;and

(2)anadditionalamountonaccountofthe tipsreceived bysuchemployee which amountis equaltothe differencebetween thewagespecifiedin paragraph (1)andthe wageineffectundersection206(a)(1) of thistitle.

Theadditionalamountonaccountof tips maynotexceedthe value ofthe tips actually receivedby anemployee.Thepreceding2sentencesshallnotapplywith respectto anytipped employeeunlesssuchemployeehasbeeninformed bythe employer ofthe provisionsof this subsection,andall tipsreceived bysuchemployee have beenretainedby theemployee, exceptthatthis subsectionshallnotbe

construed toprohibitthe poolingoftips among employeeswho customarilyand regularlyreceivetips.

(n)“Resale” shallnotinclude thesaleof goodstobe usedinresidentialorfarm building construction, repair, or maintenance: Provided, That the sale is recognized asabona fideretailsale inthe industry.

(o)HoursWorked.—Indeterminingforthe purposes ofsections206and207of this titlethe hoursforwhich anemployeeisemployed,thereshall beexcludedany time spentinchangingclothes orwashingatthe beginningorendofeach workdaywhich wasexcluded frommeasured workingtimeduringthe weekinvolvedby theexpress termsof orby customor practiceundera bonafidecollective-bargainingagreement applicableto theparticularemployee.

(p)“American vessel” includesany vesselwhich isdocumentedor numbered under the lawsof theUnitedStates.

(q)“Secretary” meanstheSecretary of Labor.

Sec. 203(r)

(r) (1)“Enterprise” meansthe relatedactivitiesperformed(eitherthrough unifiedoperation or commoncontrol)byany personorpersonsforacommon businesspurpose,andincludes allsuchactivities whether performedinoneor moreestablishments orbyoneormorecorporateorotherorganizational unitsincluding departmentsofanestablishment operatedthrough leasing arrangements,butshallnotincludethe relatedactivitiesperformedforsuch enterprise byanindependent contractor.Withinthe meaningof this

subsection, aretailorserviceestablishment which isunderindependent ownershipshall notbedeemed tobe sooperatedorcontrolledas tobeother thana separateanddistinct enterprise byreasonof anyarrangement, which includes,butisnotnecessarilylimited to,anagreement,

(A)that itwillsell, orsell only,certaingoodsspecifiedbya particular manufacturer, distributor,oradvertiser,or

(B)that itwilljoinwithothersuchestablishments inthe same industryforthepurpose of collectivepurchasing,or

(C)that itwillhave theexclusive rightto sellthegoodsoruse the brandnameof amanufacturer, distributor,oradvertiserwithin a specifiedarea,orbyreasonof the factthat itoccupiespremises leased toit byaperson whoalsoleasespremisesto otherretailorservice establishments.

(2)For purposesof paragraph (1),the activitiesperformedby any personor persons—

(A)inconnection withtheoperation of ahospital, aninstitution primarilyengaged inthecare ofthe sick,the aged,the mentallyill or defectivewho resideonthe premisesof suchinstitution,aschoolfor mentallyorphysicallyhandicappedorgiftedchildren, apreschool, elementaryorsecondaryschool,oraninstitution ofhighereducation (regardlessof whetherornotsuchhospital, institution,orschoolis operatedforprofit ornotforprofit), or

(B)inconnectionwiththe operation ofa street,suburban or

interurbanelectricrailway, orlocaltrolley ormotorbus carrier,if the rates and services of such railway or carrier are subject to regulation by aStateorlocalagency(regardlessof whetherornotsuchrailway orcarrierispublic orprivateoroperatedfor profitornotforprofit), or (C)inconnection withthe activitiesof apublic agency,

shallbedeemed tobe activitiesperformed forabusiness purpose.

Sec. 203(s)

(s) (1)“Enterpriseengaged incommerceorinthe productionof goodsfor commerce”meansanenterprisethat—

(A) (i) hasemployees engaged incommerceor inthe productionof goodsforcommerce, or thathas employees handling,selling, orotherwiseworkingongoodsormaterialsthathave been movedinorproducedforcommerceby any person;and (ii)isan enterprisewhoseannualgrossvolumeof salesmade or businessdoneisnotlessthan$500,000 (exclusiveofexcise taxesatthe retaillevel thatare separatelystated);

(B)isengaged intheoperation of ahospital, aninstitution primarily engaged inthecare ofthe sick,the aged,or the mentallyillor defectivewho resideonthe premisesof suchinstitution,aschoolfor mentallyorphysicallyhandicappedorgiftedchildren, apreschool, elementaryorsecondaryschool,oraninstitution ofhighereducation (regardlessof whetherornotsuchhospital, institution,orschoolis publicorprivateoroperatedforprofit ornotforprofit);or

(C)is anactivityof apublic agency.

(2)Anyestablishment that hasasitsonlyregularemployeesthe owner thereoforthe parent,spouse,child,orothermemberof the immediatefamily of suchownershallnotbeconsidered tobe anenterprise engaged in

commerceorinthe productionof goodsforcommerceorapartof suchan enterprise.Thesalesof suchanestablishment shallnotbeincludedforthe purposeofdeterminingthe annualgross volumeof salesofany enterprisefor the purposeof this subsection.

(t)“Tipped employee”meansany employeeengagedinan occupation inwhich he customarily andregularlyreceivesmorethan$30amonthintips.

(u)“Man-day” meansanyday duringwhich anemployeeperforms anyagricultural laborfornotlessthanonehour.

(v)“Elementaryschool” meansaday orresidentialschoolwhichprovides elementaryeducation,as determinedunderStatelaw.

(w)“Secondary school”meansa dayorresidentialschoolwhich providessecondary education,asdeterminedunderState law.

(x) “Publicagency”means theGovernment ofthe UnitedStates;the governmentof aState orpoliticalsubdivisionthereof;any agency ofthe UnitedStates(including the UnitedStatesPostalService andPostalRegulatoryCommission),aState, ora politicalsubdivisionof aState;oranyinterstate governmentalagency.

(y)“Employee infireprotectionactivities” meansanemployee,including a firefighter,paramedic,emergency medicaltechnician,rescue worker,ambulance personnel,or hazardousmaterialsworker, who—

Sec. 203(y)(1)

(1)istrained infiresuppression,has thelegal authority andresponsibility to engageinfiresuppression, andisemployedby afiredepartmentof a

municipality, county,firedistrict,orState;and

(2)isengaged inthe prevention,control, andextinguishmentoffires or responsetoemergency situationswherelife, property,orthe environment is atrisk.

§ 204. Administration

(a) CreationofWageand HourDivisioninDepartmentofLabor;

Administrator

Thereis createdinthe Departmentof LaboraWage andHourDivision whichshall be underthe directionof an Administrator,tobeknown asthe Administratorof the Wageand HourDivision (inthis chapterreferredtoasthe “Administrator”).The Administrator shallbe appointedbythe President, byandwith theadviceand consentof theSenate.

(b)Appointment, selection,classification,and promotionofemployees by Administrator

TheAdministrator may,subject tothe civil-servicelaws,appointsuchemployeesas he deemsnecessarytocarry outhis functionsanddutiesunderthis chapterand shallfixtheircompensationinaccordancewithchapter 51andsubchapterIIIof chapter53of Title 5.TheAdministrator may establishandutilize suchregional, local,orotheragencies,andutilizesuchvoluntaryanduncompensated services,as may fromtime to timebe needed. Attorneysappointedunderthis sectionmay appearforand representthe Administratorinany litigation,butallsuchlitigation shallbesubject tothe directionand controlofthe AttorneyGeneral.In the

appointment,selection,classification,andpromotion ofofficersand employeesof the Administrator,nopoliticaltestorqualificationshallbepermitted orgiven

consideration, butall suchappointmentsandpromotions shallbe givenandmadeon the basisof meritandefficiency.

(c) PrincipalofficeofAdministrator;jurisdiction

Theprincipalofficeofthe Administrator shallbeinthe Districtof Columbia,buthe or his dulyauthorizedrepresentativemay exerciseany orall of hispowersinany place.

(d)Biennialreport toCongress;studiesofexemptionstohourand wage provisionsand meanstoprevent curtailmentofemploymentopportunities

(1)TheSecretary shall submitbiennially inJanuarya reporttothe Congress coveringhis activities forthe precedingtwoyearsand includingsuch

information,data,andrecommendationsforfurther legislationinconnection withthe matterscoveredby thischapteras hemay find advisable.Such reportshallcontainanevaluationand appraisalby theSecretaryof the minimumwages andovertimecoverageestablishedby thischapter, together withhis recommendationstothe Congress.Inmaking suchevaluation and appraisal,the Secretaryshalltakeintoconsiderationany changeswhichmay

Sec. 204(d)(1)

have occurredinthe costofliving andinproductivityandthe levelof wages inmanufacturing,the abilityof employersto absorbwageincreases,andsuch otherfactors ashe maydeempertinent. Suchreportshallalsoinclude a summary of the special certificates issued under section 214(b) of this title.

(2)TheSecretary shall conductstudies onthejustification orlackthereoffor each ofthe specialexemptions setforthinsection213of thistitle, andthe extentto whichsuchexemptionsapplyto employeesofestablishments describedinsubsection(g) ofsuchsection andtheeconomiceffects ofthe application ofsuchexemptions tosuchemployees.TheSecretary shallsubmit areport ofhis findingsand recommendationsto theCongress withrespectto the studiesconducted underthisparagraph not laterthan January1,1976.

(3)TheSecretary shall conductacontinuing study onmeanstoprevent curtailmentof employmentopportunitiesformanpower groupswhich have hadhistoricallyhigh incidencesof unemployment(such asdisadvantaged minorities,youth, elderly,and suchother groupsasthe Secretary may

designate).Thefirstreport ofthe results ofsuchstudy shall betransmitted to the Congressnotlater thanone yearafterthe effectivedateof the FairLabor StandardsAmendments of1974.Subsequentreports onsuchstudy shall be transmitted tothe Congressat two-yearintervalsaftersucheffectivedate.

Eachsuchreportshallinclude suggestionsrespecting theSecretary’s authority undersection214of thistitle.

(e) Studyofeffectsofforeignproduction onunemployment;report to Presidentand Congress

Wheneverthe Secretaryhasreasonto believethat inanyindustry underthis chapter the competitionof foreignproducersinUnitedStatesmarkets orinmarkets abroad, orboth,has resulted, oris likelytoresult, inincreasedunemploymentintheUnited States, heshall undertakeaninvestigationtogain fullinformationwithrespectto the matter.Ifhe determinessuchincreasedunemployment hasinfactresulted, or is infactlikelyto result,from suchcompetition,heshallmake afulland complete reportof his findingsanddeterminations tothePresident andtothe Congress:

Provided, Thathe mayalso includeinsuchreportinformation onthe increased employmentresultingfrom additionalexportsinany industry underthis chapteras he may determineto bepertinenttosuchreport.

(f)EmployeesofLibraryofCongress;administrationofprovisionsby Office ofPersonnelManagement

TheSecretary isauthorizedtoenterintoanagreement withtheLibrarian of

Congress withrespectto individualsemployedinthe Libraryof Congress toprovide forthe carryingoutof theSecretary’s functions underthischapter withrespectto suchindividuals.Notwithstandingany otherprovision ofthis chapter, orany other law,the Directorof theOffice of PersonnelManagement isauthorizedtoadminister the provisionsof thischapterwithrespect toany individualemployed bythe United States(otherthananindividualemployed intheLibrary of Congress,UnitedStates PostalService,Postal RegulatoryCommission,orthe TennesseeValleyAuthority).

Nothinginthissubsection shallbe construed toaffectthe rightof an employeeto bringanactionfor unpaidminimumwages,orunpaidovertimecompensation,and liquidateddamagesundersection 216(b)ofthis title.

Sec. 205

§ 205. Repealed. Pub.L. 110-28, Title VIII, § 8103(c)(1)(A), May 25, 2007, 121 Stat. 189

§ 206. Minimum wage

(a) Employeesengaged incommerce;homeworkersinPuertoRicoand Virgin Islands;employeesinAmericanSamoa;seamen onAmericanvessels;

agriculturalemployees

Everyemployershallpay toeach ofhis employeeswhoinany workweekisengaged incommerceor inthe productionof goodsforcommerce,oris employedinan enterprise engagedincommerce orinthe productionof goodsforcommerce, wages atthe followingrates:

(1)exceptasotherwise providedinthis section,notlessthan—

(A)$5.85an hour beginningonthe 60th dayafterMay25, 2007;

(B)$6.55an hour,beginning12months afterthat60thday;and (C)$7.25an hour,beginning24 monthsafterthat 60thday:

(2)if suchemployeeisahome workerinPuertoRico ortheVirginIslands, notlessthanthe minimumpiecerate prescribedby regulationororder;or,if nosuchminimumpiecerate isineffect,any piecerate adoptedbysuch employer whichshall yield,tothe proportionorclassof employees prescribed by regulationororder,notlessthanthe applicableminimum hourlywage rate.Suchminimum pieceratesoremployer pieceratesshallbe

commensuratewith, andshallbepaidinlieuof,the minimumhourly wage rate applicableundertheprovisions of thissection.TheAdministrator,orhis authorizedrepresentative, shallhave powerto makesuchregulationsor ordersasare necessaryorappropriateto carryoutany of theprovisions of this paragraph,includingthe powerwithout limitingthegenerality ofthe foregoing,todefine anyoperation oroccupationwhich isperformedby such homeworkemployeesinPuertoRico ortheVirginIslands;to establish minimumpiece ratesforany operationoroccupation sodefined;to prescribe the methodandprocedure forascertainingandpromulgating minimumpiece rates;to prescribestandardsforemployer piecerates,including the

proportion orclassof employees whoshallreceivenotlessthanthe minimum hourly wage rate;todefine theterm“home worker”;andtoprescribethe conditions under which employers, agents, contractors, and subcontractors shallcausegoodsto beproducedby homeworkers;

(3)if suchemployeeisemployed asaseamanonanAmerican vessel,not lessthanthe ratewhich willprovidetothe employee, fortheperiod covered by thewagepayment,wages equaltocompensationatthe hourlyrate

prescribed byparagraph (1)of this subsectionforallhours duringsuchperiod when hewas actuallyonduty(includingperiods aboardshipwhen the

employeewasonwatchorwas,atthe directionof asuperiorofficer,

performing work or standing by, but not including off-duty periods which are provided pursuanttothe employmentagreement); or

Sec. 206(a)(4)

(4)if suchemployeeisemployed inagriculture,notlessthanthe minimum wagerateineffect underparagraph(1) afterDecember31,1977.

(5)Redesignated(4)

(b)Additionalapplicabilitytoemployeespursuantto subsequent amendatory provisions

Everyemployershallpay toeach ofhis employees(otherthananemployeetowhom subsection(a)(5)of thissection applies) whoinanyworkweekisengaged in

commerceor inthe productionof goodsforcommerce, or isemployedinan enterprise engagedincommerce orinthe productionof goodsforcommerce, and whoinsuchworkweekisbroughtwithin the purviewof this sectionby the

amendmentsmade tothischapter bythe FairLabor StandardsAmendmentsof 1966,titleIXof theEducationAmendments of 1972[20U.S.C.A.§1681 etseq.],or the FairLabor StandardsAmendments of 1974,wagesatthe followingrate:Effective afterDecember 31,1977,not lessthanthe minimumwagerateineffect under subsection(a)(1)of thissection.

(c)Repealed. Pub.L.104–188, [TitleIII],§2104(c),Aug. 20,1996,110 Stat.1929

(d)Prohibitionofsexdiscrimination

(1)No employerhaving employeessubjecttoany provisionsof thissection shalldiscriminate,within any establishmentinwhich suchemployeesare employed,betweenemployees onthe basisof sexbypayingwages to

employeesinsuchestablishmentat arate lessthan therate atwhichhe pays wages toemployeesof theoppositesexinsuchestablishment forequalwork onjobs theperformance of whichrequires equalskill, effort,and

responsibility,andwhich areperformed undersimilarworkingconditions, exceptwheresuchpayment ismadepursuantto

(i)asenioritysystem;

(ii)ameritsystem;

(iii)asystem whichmeasuresearningsby quantityorqualityof production;or

(iv) adifferentialbased onanyotherfactorotherthansex: Provided, Thatan employerwhois payingawagerate differentialinviolationof this subsectionshallnot, inordertocomplywith theprovisions ofthis subsection, reducethewagerate ofany employee.

(2)No labororganization, oritsagents,representingemployeesof an employer havingemployeessubjecttoany provisionsof thissection shall causeorattempt tocause suchanemployer todiscriminateagainstan employeeinviolationof paragraph(1) of thissubsection.

(3)For purposesof administration andenforcement,any amountsowingto any employeewhichhave beenwithheldinviolationofthis subsectionshall

Sec. 206(d)(3)

be deemedtobe unpaidminimumwages or unpaidovertimecompensation underthis chapter.

(4)As usedinthis subsection, theterm“labororganization” meansany organizationof any kind,orany agencyoremployeerepresentation

committeeorplan, inwhich employeesparticipateandwhich existsforthe purpose,inwholeorinpart,of dealingwith employersconcerninggrievances, labordisputes, wages,ratesof pay,hoursof employment, orconditionsof work.

(e) EmployeesofemployersprovidingcontractservicestoUnited States (1)Notwithstandingthe provisionsof section213of thistitle(except subsections(a)(1)and(f)thereof), everyemployer providingany contract services(otherthanlinen supplyservices) underacontract withtheUnited Statesorany subcontractthereunder shallpay toeach ofhis employees whoserateof pay isnot governedby theService ContractAct of1965 (41 U.S.C.351-357) ortowhomsubsection(a)(1)of this sectionisnot

applicable,wages atratesnotlessthanthe ratesprovided forinsubsection (b)of this section.

(2)Notwithstandingthe provisionsof section213of thistitle(except

subsections(a)(1)and(f)thereof)and theprovisions ofthe ServiceContract Actof 1965[41 U.S.C.A.§351etseq.] everyemployer inanestablishment providinglinen supplyservicestothe UnitedStatesunderacontract withthe UnitedStatesorany subcontractthereunder shallpay toeach ofhis

employeesinsuchestablishmentwages atrates notlessthanthose

prescribed insubsection(b)of thissection,exceptthat if morethan50per centum ofthe grossannualdollar volumeof salesmadeorbusinessdoneby suchestablishment isderivedfrom providingsuchlinensupply servicesunder any suchcontractsorsubcontracts, suchemployer shallpayto eachof his employeesinsuchestablishmentwages atrates notlessthanthose prescribed insubsection(a)(1)ofthis section.

(f)Employeesindomesticservice Anyemployee—

(1)whoinany workweekisemployed indomesticservice ina household shallbepaid wagesata ratenotlessthanthe wagerateineffectunder subsection(b)of this sectionunlesssuchemployee’scompensationforsuch servicewould notbecauseof section209(a)(6) of theSocial SecurityAct[42 U.S.C.A.§409(a)(6)]constitutewages forthe purposesof titleIIof suchAct [42U.S.C.A.§401etseq.],or

(2)whoinany workweek—

(A)isemployed indomesticserviceinoneormore households,and (B)issoemployed formorethan8hours intheaggregate,

shallbepaid wagesforsuchemploymentinsuchworkweekatarate notless thanthe wagerateineffect undersubsection (b)ofthis section.

Sec. 206(g)

(g)Newlyhiredemployees whoarelessthan20 yearsold

(1)Inlieuof the rateprescribed bysubsection(a)(1) ofthis section,any employer maypay anyemployee ofsuchemployer,during thefirst 90 consecutive calendardaysafter suchemployeeisinitiallyemployed bysuch employer,awagewhich isnot lessthan$4.25anhour.

(2)No employermay takeany action todisplaceemployees(includingpartial displacements suchasreductioninhours,wages,oremploymentbenefits)for purposes ofhiringindividuals atthewageauthorizedinparagraph (1).

(3)Anyemployer whoviolatesthis subsectionshallbe considered tohave violated section215(a)(3) of thistitle.

(4)Thissubsectionshallonlyapplytoan employeewhohas notattainedthe age of20 years.

§ 207. Maximum hours

(a) Employeesengaged ininterstatecommerce; additionalapplicabilityto employees pursuantto subsequentamendatory provisions

(1)Except asotherwiseprovided inthissection,noemployer shallemploy any ofhis employees whoinany workweekisengagedincommerce orinthe productionof goodsforcommerce,or isemployed inanenterprise engaged incommerceor inthe productionof goodsforcommerce,foraworkweek longer thanfortyhoursunlesssuchemployeereceivescompensationforhis employmentinexcess ofthe hoursabove specifiedatarate notlessthanone andone-half timesthe regularrateatwhich he isemployed.

(2)No employershallemployany of his employeeswho inany workweekis engaged incommerceorintheproduction ofgoodsforcommerce,oris employedinanenterprise engagedincommerce orinthe production ofgoods forcommerce,andwhoinsuchworkweekisbrought withinthe purviewof this subsectionbythe amendmentsmadeto thischapter bythe FairLabor StandardsAmendments of1966—

(A)fora workweeklongerthanforty-fourhours duringthe first year from theeffective dateof theFair LaborStandardsAmendments of 1966,

(B)foraworkweeklonger thanforty-twohours duringthe second year fromsuchdate,or

(C)for aworkweeklongerthan fortyhours after theexpiration of the secondyearfrom suchdate,

unlesssuchemployeereceivescompensationforhis employmentinexcessof the hours abovespecifiedata ratenot lessthanoneandone-halftimes the regularrate atwhich heis employed.

Sec. 207(b)

(b)Employmentpursuantto collectivebargainingagreement; employment byindependently ownedandcontrolled localenterpriseengagedin

distributionofpetroleumproducts

No employershallbe deemedtohave violatedsubsection (a)ofthis sectionby employingany employeeforaworkweekinexcess ofthat specifiedinsuch subsectionwithout payingthe compensationforovertimeemploymentprescribed therein ifsuchemployeeisso employed—

(1)inpursuanceof anagreement,madeasa resultof collectivebargaining by representativesofemployees certifiedasbona fidebythe NationalLabor RelationsBoard,which providesthatnoemployeeshallbe employedmore thanonethousandandfortyhoursduring any periodof twenty-six

consecutive weeks;or

(2)inpursuanceof anagreement,madeasa resultof collectivebargaining by representativesofemployees certifiedasbona fidebythe NationalLabor RelationsBoard,which providesthatduring aspecifiedperiod offifty-two consecutive weekstheemployeeshallbe employednotmorethan two thousandtwo hundredandfortyhours andshall beguaranteed notlessthan onethousandeighthundred andforty-hours(ornotlessthanforty-six weeks atthe normalnumberof hoursworked perweek,butnotlessthanthirty hours perweek)andnot morethantwo thousandandeightyhoursof

employmentforwhich heshallreceivecompensation forallhours guaranteed orworkedatrates notlessthanthose applicableunderthe agreementtothe workperformed andforallhours inexcessof the guarantywhich arealso in excess ofthe maximumworkweekapplicable tosuchemployeeunder subsection(a)of thissection ortwothousandandeightyinsuchperiodat rates not less than one and one-half times the regular rate at which he is employed;or

(3)by anindependently owned andcontrolledlocalenterprise (including an enterprise withmorethanonebulkstorageestablishment)engaged inthe wholesaleorbulkdistributionof petroleumproducts if—

(A)the annualgrossvolumeof salesof suchenterpriseis lessthan

$1,000,000 exclusiveofexcise taxes,

(B)morethan 75percentumof suchenterprise’sannualdollar volumeof salesismadewithin the Stateinwhichsuchenterprise is located,and

(C)notmorethan 25percentumof the annualdollarvolumeof sales of suchenterpriseisto customerswhoare engagedinthe bulk

distributionof suchproducts forresale,

andsuchemployeereceivescompensationforemployment inexcess offorty hours inanyworkweekata ratenot lessthanoneandone-halftimes the minimumwagerate applicabletohim undersection206of thistitle, andif suchemployeereceivescompensationforemploymentinexcess of twelvehours inanyworkday, orforemploymentinexcessof fifty-sixhours in

Sec. 207(b)(3)(C)

any workweek,asthe casemaybe,at aratenot lessthanoneandone-half times theregularrate atwhichhe isemployed.

(c),(d)Repealed.Pub.L. 93–259,§19(e),Apr.8,1974, 88Stat.66 (e) “Regularrate”defined

Asusedinthis sectionthe “regularrate”atwhich an employeeisemployedshallbe deemedto includeall remunerationforemploymentpaidto,oronbehalfof,the employee, butshallnotbe deemedto include—

(1)sumspaidasgifts; paymentsinthe natureof gifts madeatChristmas timeoronother specialoccasions,asareward forservice,the amounts of which arenot measuredbyordependentonhoursworked, production,or efficiency;

(2)payments madeforoccasionalperiods whennoworkisperformed dueto vacation,holiday,illness,failureof the employerto providesufficient work,or othersimilar cause;reasonablepayments fortravelingexpenses,orother expenses,incurredby anemployee inthe furtherance ofhis employer’s interests andproperly reimbursableby theemployer; andothersimilar paymentsto anemployeewhich arenotmadeas compensationforhishours of employment;

(3)sumspaidinrecognitionof servicesperformedduring agivenperiod if either, (a)boththefactthat payment istobemade andtheamountof the payment aredeterminedat thesolediscretion of theemployer atornearthe endof theperiod andnot pursuanttoany prior contract,agreement,or promise causingthe employeetoexpectsuchpaymentsregularly; or (b)the paymentsare madepursuantto abonafideprofit-sharingplanortrust or bonafidethrift orsavings plan, meetingthe requirementsof the

Administrator setforthinappropriateregulationswhich heshallissue,having dueregard amongotherrelevantfactors,tothe extenttowhich theamounts paidtothe employeeare determinedwithout regardto hoursof work,

production,orefficiency;or(c) thepayments aretalent fees(assuchtalent feesare defined anddelimitedby regulationsof theAdministrator) paidto performers,including announcers,onradioand televisionprograms;

(4)contributions irrevocablymadeby anemployer toatrusteeorthird personpursuant toabonafideplan forprovidingold-age, retirement,life, accident,orhealthinsuranceorsimilarbenefitsforemployees;

(5)extra compensationprovidedby apremium ratepaidfor certainhours workedby theemployeeinany dayof workweekbecause suchhoursare hours workedinexcessof eightinaday orinexcess ofthe maximum

workweekapplicableto suchemployeeundersubsection(a)ofthis sectionor inexcessof the employee’snormalworkinghours orregularworkinghours, asthe casemaybe;

(6)extra compensationprovidedby apremium ratepaidforworkby the employeeonSaturdays,Sundays,holidays, orregulardays ofrest, oronthe sixth orseventh day ofthe workweek,where suchpremium rate isnot less

Sec. 207(e)(6)

thanoneandone-half timesthe rateestablishedingoodfaith forlikework performed innonovertimehoursonotherdays;

(7)extra compensationprovidedby apremium ratepaidto theemployee, in pursuanceof anapplicableemploymentcontract orcollective-bargaining agreement,forworkoutsideof the hoursestablishedingoodfaithby the contractoragreementasthe basic,normal,orregularworkday(not

exceedingeighthours) orworkweek(not exceedingthe maximumworkweek applicableto suchemployeeundersubsection(a)ofthis section,wheresuch premium rateisnotlessthanoneandone-half timesthe rateestablished in goodfaithby thecontract oragreementforlikeworkperformed duringsuch workdayorworkweek;or

(8)any value orincome derivedfromemployer-providedgrants orrights provided pursuanttoastockoption, stockappreciation right,orbonafide employeestockpurchaseprogram whichis nototherwise excludableunder any ofparagraphs (1)through (7)if—

(A)grantsare madepursuant toaprogram,the termsandconditions of whichare communicatedto participatingemployeeseitheratthe beginningof theemployee’sparticipationintheprogram oratthe time of thegrant;

(B)inthe caseof stock optionsandstockappreciation rights,the grant orright cannotbeexercisable foraperiod of atleast6months afterthetimeof grant(exceptthat grantsorrightsmay become exercisable becauseof an employee’sdeath,disability, retirement,or achange incorporateownership,orothercircumstances permittedby regulation), andtheexercisepriceisat least85percentof thefair marketvalue ofthe stockatthe timeof grant;

(C)exercise ofany grantor right isvoluntary;and

(D)any determinationsregarding theaward of,andthe amountof, employer-providedgrantsor rightsthat are basedonperformance are—

(i) madebased uponmeeting previouslyestablished performance criteria (which may include hours of work,

efficiency,or productivity) ofany businessunitconsistingof at least10employeesorof afacility,exceptthat,any

determinations maybe based onlength of serviceorminimum scheduleof hours ordays ofwork; or

(ii)madebased uponthe pastperformance (whichmay include any criteria)of oneormoreemployeesinagivenperiod so longasthe determination isinthesolediscretion of the employer andnotpursuanttoany priorcontract.

(f)Employmentnecessitating irregularhoursofwork

No employershallbe deemedtohave violatedsubsection (a)ofthis sectionby employingany employeeforaworkweekinexcess ofthe maximumworkweek

Sec. 207(f)

applicableto suchemployeeundersubsection(a)ofthis sectionif suchemployeeis employedpursuant toabona fideindividual contract,orpursuanttoanagreement madeasa resultof collectivebargainingby representativesofemployees, ifthe duties of such employee necessitate irregular hours of work, and the contract or agreement

(1)specifies aregularrateof payof notlessthanthe minimumhourlyrate provided insubsection(a)or(b) ofsection 206ofthis title(whichevermay be applicable)andcompensationatnotlessthanoneandone-half timessuch rate forallhours workedinexcessof suchmaximumworkweek, and

(2)provides aweeklyguarantyof payfornot morethansixtyhours based onthe ratessospecified.

(g)Employmentatpiece rates

No employershallbe deemedtohave violatedsubsection (a)ofthis sectionby employingany employeeforaworkweekinexcess ofthe maximumworkweek applicableto suchemployeeundersuchsubsectionif,pursuanttoan agreementor understanding arrivedatbetweenthe employerandthe employeebefore

performance ofthe work,the amountpaidtothe employeeforthe numberof hours workedby himinsuchworkweekinexcessof the maximumworkweekapplicableto suchemployeeundersuchsubsection—

(1)inthe caseofanemployeeemployed atpiecerates,iscomputedatpiece ratesnotlessthanoneandone-half timesthe bonafidepiecerates

applicableto thesame workwhenperformed duringnonovertime hours;or (2)inthe caseofanemployeeperformingtwo ormorekindsof workfor which differenthourly or piecerates havebeenestablished, iscomputed at ratesnotlessthanoneandone-half timessuchbonafiderates applicableto the sameworkwhen performedduring nonovertimehours;or

(3)iscomputedata ratenotlessthanone andone-half timesthe rate establishedby suchagreementorunderstanding asthebasic ratetobe used incomputingovertimecompensation thereunder:Provided, Thattherate so establishedshallbeauthorizedby regulationby theAdministrator asbeing substantiallyequivalent tothe average hourlyearningsof the employee, exclusiveof overtimepremiums,inthe particularworkover arepresentative periodof time;

andif

(i) theemployee’saveragehourly earningsfortheworkweek exclusiveof paymentsdescribedinparagraphs (1)through (7)of subsection(e) of thissection arenot lessthanthe minimumhourly rate requiredbyapplicable law,and

(ii)extraovertimecompensationis properlycomputedandpaidon otherforms ofadditional pay requiredtobe includedincomputing the regularrate.

Sec. 207(h)

(h)Extracompensationcreditable towardovertime compensation

(1)Except asprovided inparagraph(2),sumsexcludedfrom the regularrate pursuantto subsection(e)of this sectionshallnotbecreditabletoward wages requiredundersection 6orovertimecompensationrequired underthis

section.

(2)Extracompensationpaidas describedinparagraphs(5),(6),and(7)of subsection(e) of thissection shallbe creditabletoward overtime

compensationpayablepursuanttothis section.

(i)Employmentbyretailorserviceestablishment

No employershallbe deemedtohave violatedsubsection (a)ofthis sectionby employingany employeeof aretail orservice establishmentfora workweekin excess ofthe applicableworkweekspecifiedtherein,if

(1)the regularrateof pay ofsuchemployeeisinexcess ofoneandone-half times theminimumhourly rate applicabletohim undersection206of this title, and

(2)more thanhalfhis compensationforarepresentativeperiod (notless thanonemonth) representscommissions ongoodsorservices. In

determiningthe proportionof compensationrepresentingcommissions,all earningsresultingfromthe application ofa bonafidecommission rateshall be deemedcommissions ongoodsorserviceswithout regardto whetherthe computedcommissions exceedthedraw orguarantee.

(j) Employmentinhospitalorestablishment engagedincareofsick, aged, ormentallyill

No employerengaged intheoperation of ahospitaloranestablishmentwhichisan institution primarilyengaged inthecare ofthe sick,the aged,orthementally illor defectivewho resideonthe premisesshallbedeemed tohave violatedsubsection (a)of thissection if,pursuanttoan agreementorunderstandingarrived atbetween the employerandthe employeebeforeperformance of thework, aworkperiodof fourteenconsecutive daysisacceptedinlieuof theworkweekof sevenconsecutive daysforpurposes of overtimecomputationandif,forhis employmentinexcessof eighthours inanyworkdayand inexcess of eightyhoursinsuchfourteen-day period,the employeereceivescompensationatarate not lessthanoneandone-half times theregularrate atwhichhe isemployed.

(k) Employmentbypublicagencyengagedinfireprotectionorlaw enforcementactivities

No publicagencyshallbedeemed tohave violatedsubsection(a)of this sectionwith respectto theemployment ofany employeeinfireprotectionactivitiesorany

employeeinlaw enforcementactivities (includingsecurity personnelincorrectional institutions)if—

(1)inaworkperiod of 28consecutivedays theemployeereceives fortours of dutywhichinthe aggregateexceedthe lesserof

Sec. 207(k)(1)(A)

(A)216hours,or

(B)the averagenumber of hours(asdeterminedby the Secretary pursuantto section6(c)(3) ofthe FairLabor StandardsAmendments of 1974)intoursofdutyof employees engaged insuchactivities in workperiodsof 28consecutive daysincalendar year1975;or

(2)inthe caseofsuchanemployeetowhomaworkperiod ofat least7but lessthan28 daysapplies,inhis workperiodthe employeereceivesfortours of dutywhichinthe aggregateexceedanumber of hourswhich bears the same ratioto thenumber of consecutivedays inhis workperiodas 216hours (or iflower, thenumber of hoursreferred toinclause (B)of paragraph(1)) bearsto28days,

compensationata ratenotlessthanoneandone-halftimes the regularrate at which heisemployed.

(l) Employmentindomesticserviceinoneormorehouseholds No employershallemployany employeeindomesticserviceinoneormore

householdsforaworkweeklonger thanfortyhours unlesssuchemployee receives compensationforsuchemploymentinaccordancewithsubsection(a)of thissection.

(m) Employmentintobaccoindustry

Fora periodorperiodsof notmorethanfourteenworkweeksintheaggregate inany calendaryear,any employermay employ anyemployeefora workweekinexcess of that specifiedinsubsection(a)ofthis sectionwithout payingthe compensationfor overtimeemploymentprescribed insuchsubsection,if suchemployee—

(1)isemployed bysuchemployer—

(A)to provideservices(includingstrippingand grading)necessary andincidental tothe saleatauctionof greenleaf tobaccoof type11, 12,13,14,21,22,23,24,31,35,36,or37(assuchtypesare defined bythe SecretaryofAgriculture),orinauctionsale, buying, handling,stemming, redrying,packing, andstoring ofsuchtobacco, (B)inauctionsale, buying,handling,sorting,grading,packing, or storing greenleaf tobaccoof type32(assuchtypeis definedby the Secretaryof Agriculture),or

(C)inauction sale,buying, handling,stripping,sorting,grading, sizing, packing,orstemmingprior topacking,ofperishable cigarleaf tobaccoof type41,42,43,44,45,46,51,52,53,54,55,61,or62 (assuchtypesare definedby theSecretary of Agriculture);and (2)receivesfor—

(A)suchemploymentby suchemployerwhich isinexcessof ten hours inanyworkday, and

Sec. 207(m)(2)(B)

(B)suchemploymentby suchemployerwhich isinexcessof forty- eighthours inanyworkweek, compensationatarate notlessthan one andone-half timesthe regularrateatwhich he isemployed.

Anemployer whoreceivesanexemptionunderthis subsectionshallnotbe eligibleforany otherexemption underthissection.

(n)Employment bystreet, suburbanorinterurbanelectric railway,orlocal trolleyormotorbuscarrier

Inthe caseofanemployeeof anemployerengaged inthebusinessof operatinga street, suburbanorinterurbanelectricrailway, orlocal trolleyormotorbus carrier (regardlessof whetherornotsuchrailwayorcarrierispublic orprivateoroperated forprofit ornotforprofit), indeterminingthehours ofemployment ofsuchan employeetowhich the rateprescribed bysubsection(a)of this sectionappliesthere shallbeexcluded thehours suchemployeewasemployed incharteractivities by suchemployerif

(1)the employee’semploymentinsuchactivities waspursuantto an

agreementor understandingwithhis employer arrivedatbeforeengaging in suchemployment, and

(2)if employmentinsuchactivitiesisnotpartofsuchemployee’s regular employment.

(o)Compensatory time

(1)Employees ofa publicagencywhichisa State, apoliticalsubdivisionofa State,oraninterstategovernmentalagencymay receive, inaccordancewith this subsectionandinlieuofovertimecompensation, compensatory timeoff ata ratenot lessthanoneandone-halfhours foreachhourof employment forwhich overtimecompensationisrequiredby thissection.

(2)A publicagencymay providecompensatory timeunderparagraph(1) only—

(A)pursuantto—

(i) applicableprovisions ofa collectivebargainingagreement, memorandumof understanding,orany otheragreement betweenthe publicagencyandrepresentativesof such employees; or

(ii)inthecaseof employeesnotcoveredby subclause(i),an agreementor understandingarrived atbetweenthe employer andemployeebefore theperformance ofthe work;and (B)if theemployeehas notaccruedcompensatory timeinexcess of the limitapplicabletothe employeeprescribedbyparagraph (3).

Sec. 207(o)(2)(B)

Inthe caseofemployeesdescribedinclause (A)(ii)hiredprior toApril 15, 1986,the regularpractice ineffectonApril 15,1986,with respectto compensatory timeoffforsuchemployees inlieuof thereceipt of overtime compensation, shallconstituteanagreementorunderstanding undersuch clause(A)(ii). Except asprovidedinthe previoussentence,the provision of compensatory timeoffto suchemployeesfor hoursworkedafterApril 14, 1986,shall beinaccordancewiththis subsection.

(3) (A)Ifthe workofan employeeforwhich compensatorytimemay be provided includedworkinapublicsafetyactivity, an emergency responseactivity, ora seasonalactivity, theemployeeengaged in suchworkmay accruenotmorethan 480hours of compensatorytime forhours workedafterApril15,1986.Ifsuchworkwas any other work,the employeeengaged insuchworkmayaccruenot morethan 240hours ofcompensatory timeforhoursworkedafterApril 15,1986.

Anysuchemployeewho, afterApril 15,1986,has accrued480or240 hours,asthe casemaybe,of compensatory time offshall,for

additionalovertimehours ofwork,be paidovertimecompensation.

(B)If compensationispaidtoanemployeeforaccruedcompensatory timeoff,suchcompensationshallbepaidat theregularrate earnedby the employeeatthe timethe employeereceivessuchpayment.

(4)Anemployeewho hasaccruedcompensatory timeoffauthorizedtobe provided underparagraph(1) shall,upon terminationof employment, bepaid forthe unusedcompensatorytimeata rateof compensationnot lessthan—

(A)the average regularratereceived bysuchemployeeduring the last3yearsof the employee’semployment, or

(B)the finalregularratereceived by suchemployee, whichever ishigher.

(5)Anemployeeof apublic agencywhichisa State,politicalsubdivisionof a State,oraninterstate governmentalagency—

(A)whohas accruedcompensatory timeoffauthorizedtobeprovided underparagraph (1),and

(B)whohas requestedthe useof suchcompensatorytime, shallbepermitted by theemployee’semployer touse suchtimewithin a reasonableperiod aftermakingthe requestif theuse of thecompensatory timedoesnotundulydisrupt the operationsof thepublic agency.

(6)Thehours anemployeeofa publicagencyperformscourtreporting transcript preparationdutiesshallnotbe consideredas hoursworkedforthe purposes ofsubsection(a)of this sectionif—

(A)suchemployeeispaid ataper-pagerate whichis notlessthan—

Sec. 207(o)(6)(A)(i)

(i)themaximum rateestablished byStatelaw orlocal ordinanceforthe jurisdictionofsuchpublic agency,

(ii)the maximumrate otherwiseestablishedbya judicialor administrativeofficerandineffectonJuly 1,1995,or

(iii)the ratefreely negotiatedbetween theemployeeandthe partyrequestingthe transcript,otherthanthejudge who presidedover the proceedingsbeingtranscribed,and (B)thehours spentperformingsuchdutiesareoutsideof thehours suchemployee performsotherwork(includinghours forwhichthe agencyrequires the employee’sattendance)pursuant tothe employment relationshipwithsuchpublicagency.

Forpurposes of thissection,the amountpaidsuchemployeeinaccordance withsubparagraph(A) fortheperformance ofcourtreporting transcript preparationduties, shallnotbe consideredinthe calculationof the regular rate atwhichsuchemployeeisemployed.

(7)For purposesof thissubsection—

(A)the term“overtimecompensation”meansthe compensation requiredby subsection(a),and

(B)the terms“compensatorytime” and“compensatorytimeoff”

meanhours duringwhich an employeeisnotworking,whichare not countedashours workedduring theapplicable workweekorother workperiodfor purposesof overtimecompensation,andforwhich the employeeiscompensated atthe employee’sregularrate.

(p)Specialdetailwork forfireprotectionandlawenforcementemployees;

occasionalorsporadicemployment;substitution

(1)Ifan individualwhois employedby aState, politicalsubdivisionof a State,oraninterstate governmentalagencyinfireprotectionorlaw

enforcementactivities(including activitiesof security personnelincorrectional institutions)and who,solelyat suchindividual’soption,agrees tobe

employedon aspecialdetail bya separateor independent employerinfire protection,law enforcement,orrelatedactivities,the hours suchindividual wasemployed by suchseparate andindependent employershallbe excluded by thepublic agencyemploying suchindividualinthecalculationof the hours forwhich theemployeeisentitledto overtimecompensationunderthis sectionif the publicagency—

(A)requires that itsemployees engagedinfireprotection,law enforcement, orsecurityactivitiesbe hiredby aseparateand independent employerto performthespecial detail,

(B)facilitatesthe employmentof suchemployeesbyaseparate and independent employer,or

Sec. 207(p)(1)(C)

(C)otherwise affectsthe conditionof employmentof suchemployees by aseparateand independentemployer.

(2)Ifan employeeof apublicagencywhich isaState,politicalsubdivisionof aState,oraninterstategovernmental agencyundertakes,onanoccasional orsporadicbasisand solelyatthe employee’soption,part-time employment forthe publicagencywhichis inadifferentcapacityfrom anycapacityin which theemployeeisregularlyemployed withthe publicagency,the hours suchemployeewasemployed inperformingthe differentemploymentshall be excludedby thepublic agencyinthe calculationof the hoursforwhich the employeeisentitledto overtimecompensationunderthissection.

(3)Ifan individualwhois employedinany capacitybya publicagencywhich isaState,politicalsubdivisionof aState,oraninterstate governmental agency,agrees,withthe approval ofthe publicagencyandsolelyat the optionof suchindividual, tosubstituteduringscheduled workhours for another individualwhoisemployed bysuchagency inthesame capacity, the hours suchemployee workedasasubstituteshall be excludedbythe public agencyinthecalculation ofthe hoursforwhich the employeeisentitledto overtimecompensationunderthis section.

(q)Maximumhourexemption foremployeesreceiving remedialeducation Anyemployermay employany employeefora periodorperiodsof not morethan10 hours intheaggregate inanyworkweekinexcessof the maximumworkweek

specifiedinsubsection(a)ofthis section withoutpaying thecompensationfor overtimeemploymentprescribed insuchsubsection,if during suchperiodorperiods the employeeisreceivingremedial educationthat is—

(1)provided toemployeeswho lackahigh schooldiplomaoreducational attainment atthe eighthgradelevel;

(2)designed toprovidereadingand otherbasicskillsataneighth gradelevel orbelow;and

(3)does notincludejobspecific training.

(r)

(1)Anemployer shallprovide—

(A)a reasonablebreaktimeforanemployeeto expressbreast milkfor hernursing childfor1yearafterthechild's birtheach timesuch

employeehas needtoexpressthe milk; and

(B)a place,other thanabathroom, thatisshielded fromview andfree from intrusionfrom coworkersandthepublic,which may beusedby anemployeetoexpress breastmilk.

Sec. 207(r)(2)

(2)Anemployer shallnotbe requiredto compensateanemployeereceiving reasonablebreaktimeunderparagraph (1)forany worktimespentforsuch purpose.

(3)Anemployer thatemployslessthan 50employeesshallnotbe subjectto the requirementsof this subsection,if suchrequirementswould imposean unduehardshipby causingthe employersignificantdifficulty orexpensewhen considered inrelationtothe size,financial resources,nature,orstructure of the employer'sbusiness.

(4)Nothinginthis subsectionshallpreempta Statelaw thatprovidesgreater protectionsto employeesthan theprotectionsprovided forunderthis

subsection.

§ 208. Repealed. Pub.L. 110-28, Title VIII, § 8103(c)(1)(A), May 25, 2007, 121 Stat. 189

§ 209. Attendance of witnesses

Forthe purpose ofany hearingorinvestigationprovided forinthis chapter,the provisionsof sections49 and50of Title15 (relatingtothe attendanceof witnesses andthe productionof books,papers,and documents),aremadeapplicable tothe jurisdiction, powers,anddutiesof the Administrator,theSecretary of Labor,andthe industrycommittees.

§ 210. Court review of wage orders in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

(a) Anyperson aggrievedby an orderof theSecretary issuedundersection208of this titlemay obtainareview of suchorderinthe UnitedStatesCourtof Appealsfor any circuitwhereinsuchperson residesorhas hisprincipalplace of business,orin the UnitedStatesCourtof Appealsforthe DistrictofColumbia,by filing insuch court,within 60days after theentryof suchorderawritten petitionprayingthatthe orderof the Secretarybemodifiedorsetasideinwholeor inpart.A copyof such petitionshallforthwithbe transmitted bythe clerkof thecourtto theSecretary,and thereuponthe Secretaryshallfileinthe courttherecord ofthe industry committee uponwhichthe ordercomplainedof wasentered, asprovided insection2112 ofTitle 28.Uponthe filingof suchpetitionsuchcourtshallhaveexclusive jurisdictionto affirm,modify (includingprovision forthe paymentof anappropriateminimumwage rate),orsetasidesuchorderinwholeorinpart, sofarasitisapplicableto the petitioner.Thereview bythe courtshallbelimitedto questionsof law,andfindings of factbysuchindustry committeewhen supportedbysubstantialevidence shall be conclusive.No objectiontothe orderof the Secretaryshallbe consideredby the courtunlesssuchobjectionshallhavebeenurged before suchindustry committeeor unlesstherewerereasonablegrounds forfailuresoto do.Ifapplicationis madeto the courtforleavetoadduceadditionalevidence,and itisshownto thesatisfaction of thecourtthat suchadditionalevidencemay materiallyaffect the resultof the proceedingandthat therewerereasonablegroundsforfailure toadducesuch

Sec. 210(a)

evidence intheproceedingsbeforesuchindustry committee, thecourtmay order suchadditionalevidenceto betaken beforean industrycommitteeandtobe

adduced uponthe hearinginsuchmanneranduponsuchtermsandconditionsasto the court may seem proper. Such industry committee may modify the initial findings by reasonofthe additionalevidenceso taken,andshallfile withthe courtsuch modifiedornewfindingswhich ifsupportedby substantialevidence shallbe conclusive,and shallalso fileitsrecommendation, if any,forthemodification or settingasideof the originalorder.The judgmentanddecree ofthe courtshall be final, subjectto review bythe SupremeCourt ofthe UnitedStatesupon certiorarior certificationasprovided insection1254 of Title28.

(b)Thecommencement ofproceedingsundersubsection(a)of thissection shall not,unlessspecifically orderedby the court,operateasastayof theAdministrator's order.Thecourtshall notgrantany stayofthe orderunlessthe personcomplaining of suchordershallfileincourtan undertakingwithasurety orsuretiessatisfactory tothe courtforthe paymenttothe employeesaffectedbythe order,in theevent suchorderis affirmed,of theamountby whichthe compensationsuchemployees are entitledtoreceiveunderthe orderexceedsthe compensationtheyactually receivewhilesuchstayisineffect.

§ 211. Collection of data

(a) Investigationsandinspections

TheAdministrator orhisdesignated representativesmay investigateandgather data regarding thewages,hours, andotherconditionsandpractices of employmentin any industrysubject tothis chapter, andmay enterandinspectsuchplaces andsuch records(andmake suchtranscriptionsthereof),question suchemployees,and

investigate suchfacts,conditions,practices,ormattersashe maydeemnecessary orappropriatetodeterminewhether any personhas violatedany provisionof this chapter, orwhich may aidinthe enforcementof theprovisions ofthis chapter.

Except asprovided insection 212ofthis titleandinsubsection(b) ofthis section, the Administratorshallutilizethe bureausanddivisionsofthe Departmentof Labor forallthe investigations andinspectionsnecessaryunderthis section.Exceptas provided insection212of thistitle, the Administratorshallbringallactions under section 217 of this title to restrain violations of this chapter.

(b)State andlocalagencies andemployees

With theconsentandcooperation ofState agenciescharged withthe administration of Statelaborlaws,the Administratorand theSecretaryof Labormay, forthe purposeofcarrying outtheirrespectivefunctions andduties underthis chapter, utilize theservicesof Stateand localagencies andtheiremployeesand,

notwithstandingany otherprovision oflaw,may reimbursesuchState andlocal agencies andtheiremployeesforservicesrenderedforsuchpurposes.

(c)Records

Everyemployersubject to anyprovision ofthis chapterorof anyorder issuedunder this chaptershallmake,keep,andpreservesuchrecordsofthe personsemployed by himandof thewages, hours,andotherconditionsandpractices ofemployment maintainedby him,andshallpreservesuchrecordsforsuchperiodsoftime, and

Sec. 211(c)

shallmakesuchreports therefromtothe Administratoras heshall prescribeby regulationororderas necessaryorappropriateforthe enforcementofthe provisions of thischapterorthe regulationsorordersthereunder.Theemployer ofanemployee who performs substitute work described in section 207(p)(3) of this title may not be requiredunderthis subsectiontokeep arecordof thehours of thesubstitutework.

(d)Homeworkregulations

TheAdministrator isauthorizedtomake suchregulationsandordersregulating, restricting,orprohibitingindustrialhomeworkasare necessaryorappropriateto preventthe circumventionorevasion ofandto safeguardtheminimumwagerate prescribed inthischapter, andallexistingregulationsorordersof the Administrator relating toindustrialhomeworkare continuedinfullforceandeffect.

§ 212. Child labor provisions

(a) Restrictionson shipmentofgoods;prosecution;conviction

No producer,manufacturer, ordealershallshipordeliverforshipmentincommerce any goodsproducedinanestablishment situatedinthe UnitedStatesinorabout which withinthirtydaysprior tothe removalof suchgoodstherefromany oppressive childlaborhas beenemployed:Provided,Thatany suchshipmentordeliveryfor shipmentof suchgoodsbyapurchaserwho acquiredthemingoodfaith inreliance onwrittenassurancefrom the producer,manufacturer, ordealerthat the goods wereproducedincompliancewiththe requirements ofthis section,andwhoacquired suchgoodsforvalue withoutnotice of anysuchviolation, shallnotbe deemed

prohibitedby this subsection:And providedfurther, Thataprosecutionand convictionof adefendantforthe shipmentordeliveryforshipmentof any goods underthe conditionsherein prohibitedshallbe abartoany furtherprosecution againstthe samedefendantforshipmentsor deliveries forshipmentofany such goodsbeforethe beginningofsaid prosecution.

(b)Investigationsandinspections

TheSecretary ofLabor oranyof his authorizedrepresentatives,shallmake all investigationsand inspectionsundersection211(a) ofthis titlewithrespect tothe employmentof minors,and, subject tothedirection andcontrolof theAttorney General,shallbringall actionsundersection 217of this titletoenjoin anyactor practice whichisunlawful byreasonof the existenceofoppressivechildlabor, and shalladministerallotherprovisions of thischapterrelating tooppressivechildlabor.

(c)Oppressivechild labor

No employershallemployany oppressivechildlaborincommerceorinthe

productionof goodsforcommerce orinany enterpriseengaged incommerceorin the productionof goodsforcommerce.

(d)Proof ofage

Inorder tocarry outthe objectivesof this section,the Secretary may byregulation requireemployersto obtainfrom anyemployeeproof of age.

Sec. 213

§ 213. Exemptions

(a) Minimumwage andmaximum hourrequirements

Theprovisionsof sections206(exceptsubsection(d) inthe caseof paragraph(1) of this subsection)andsection207of thistitle shallnotapplywithrespect to—

(1)any employeeemployedina bonafideexecutive,administrative, or professionalcapacity(includingany employeeemployed inthecapacityof academicadministrativepersonnelorteacherinelementary orsecondary schools),orinthe capacityof outsidesalesman(assuchtermsaredefined anddelimited fromtimeto timeby regulationsof theSecretary,subject to the provisionsof subchapterIIofchapter5of Title5, exceptthatan

employeeof aretail or serviceestablishmentshallnotbe excludedfromthe definitionof employeeemployedina bonafideexecutiveor administrative capacitybecause ofthe number ofhours inhisworkweekwhich hedevotes to activitiesnotdirectlyorcloselyrelatedtothe performance ofexecutive or administrativeactivities,if lessthan40percentum ofhis hours workedinthe workweekare devotedto suchactivities);or

(2)Repealed.Pub.L. 101-157,§3(s)(1),Nov.17,1989,103Stat. 939 (3)any employeeemployedby an establishmentwhichisanamusementor recreational establishment,organizedcamp,orreligious ornon-profit

educational conferencecenter,if

(A)it doesnotoperateformorethanseven monthsinany calendar year,or

(B)duringthe precedingcalendar year,itsaveragereceipts forany sixmonths ofsuchyear werenotmore than331/3 percentum of its averagereceiptsforthe othersixmonths of suchyear,except thatthe exemption fromsections 206and 207of this titleprovided bythis paragraph doesnotapply withrespectto anyemployeeof aprivate entity engagedinproviding servicesorfacilities (otherthan,inthe caseof theexemption fromsection 206ofthis title, aprivateentity engaged inprovidingservicesandfacilitiesdirectlyrelatedto skiing)in anational parkoranationalforest,oronlandinthe NationalWildlife RefugeSystem,underacontractwiththeSecretary of theInterioror the Secretaryof Agriculture;or

(4)Repealed.Pub.L. 101-157,§3(c)(1),Nov.17,1989,103Stat. 939 (5)any employeeemployedinthe catching,taking,propagating,harvesting, cultivating,orfarmingof any kindoffish, shellfish,crustacea,sponges, seaweeds,orotheraquaticformsof animaland vegetablelife,orinthe first processing,canningorpackingsuchmarine productsatseaas anincident to, orinconjunctionwith,suchfishingoperations,including the goingto and returningfromworkand loadingandunloadingwhen performedby anysuch employee;or

(6)any employeeemployedinagriculture

Sec. 213(6)(A)

(A)if suchemployeeisemployed byanemployerwho didnot,during any calendarquarterduringthe precedingcalendaryear,use more thanfive hundred man-daysofagricultural labor,

(B)if suchemployeeistheparent,spouse, child,or othermemberof his employer’simmediatefamily,

(C)if suchemployee

(i) isemployedas ahandharvestlaborer andispaidona piecerate basisinanoperation whichhas been,andis

customarily andgenerallyrecognized ashaving been,paidona piecerate basisinthe regionof employment,

(ii)commutesdaily from hispermanent residencetothe farm onwhichhe issoemployed,and

(iii)has beenemployedinagriculturelessthanthirteen weeks during theprecedingcalendaryear,

(D)if suchemployee(otherthananemployeedescribedinclause(C) of thissubsection)

(i)issixteenyears ofage orunderandisemployedasa hand harvestlaborer,ispaidonapiece ratebasis inanoperation which hasbeen, andiscustomarilyandgenerally recognizedas having been,paidonapiece ratebasis inthe region of

employment,

(ii)isemployed onthe same farmashis parentorperson standingintheplace ofhis parent,and

(iii)ispaidatthe same piecerate asemployeesoverage sixteenare paidonthe samefarm,or

(E)if suchemployee isprincipallyengagedinthe rangeproduction of livestock; or

(7)any employeetothe extentthat suchemployeeisexemptedby

regulations,order,orcertificate ofthe Secretary issuedundersection 214of this title;or

(8)any employeeemployedinconnection withthe publicationofany weekly, semiweekly,or daily newspaperwith acirculation oflessthanfour thousand the majorpartof whichcirculation iswithin thecountywhere publishedor countiescontiguousthereto; or

(9)Repealed.Pub.L. 93-259,§23(a)(1),Apr. 8,1974,88Stat.69

(10)any switchboardoperator employedby anindependentlyowned public telephone companywhich hasnotmorethanseven hundred andfifty

stations;or

Sec. 213(a)(11)

(11)RepealedPub.L. 93-259,§10(a),Apr. 8,1974,88Stat. 63 (12)any employeeemployedasa seamanonavessel otherthanan Americanvessel;or

(13),(14)Repealed Pub.L.93-259,§§ 9(b)(1),23(b)(1),Apr. 8,1974,88 Stat.63, 69

(15)any employeeemployedonacasual basisindomesticservice employmentto providebabysittingservicesor any employeeemployed in domesticserviceemploymentto providecompanionshipservicesfor individualswho(because ofage orinfirmity)areunable tocare for

themselves (assuchtermsare defined anddelimited byregulationsof the Secretary);or

(16)acriminalinvestigatorwho ispaidavailabilitypayundersection5545a of Title5; or

(17)any employeewhoisacomputersystemsanalyst,computer programmer,softwareengineer,orothersimilarly skilledworker, whose primarydutyis—

(A)the applicationof systemsanalysis techniquesandprocedures, including consultingwithusers,todeterminehardware, software,or systemfunctionalspecifications;

(B)the design,development, documentation,analysis,creation, testing,ormodificationof computer systemsorprograms,including prototypes,based onandrelatedtouserorsystemdesign

specifications;

(C)the design, documentation,testing,creation, ormodification of computerprogramsrelatedtomachine operatingsystems; or

(D)acombination ofdutiesdescribed insubparagraphs (A),(B), and (C)the performance ofwhich requiresthe same levelof skills,and who, inthecaseof anemployeewho iscompensatedonan hourlybasis, is compensated atarate ofnotlessthan$27.63 anhour.

(b)Maximumhourrequirements

Theprovisionsof section 207ofthis titleshallnotapplywithrespectto—

(1)any employeewithrespect towhomthe Secretaryof Transportation has powertoestablish qualificationsandmaximum hoursof servicepursuant totheprovisions of section31502of Title49;or

(2)any employeeof anemployer engaged intheoperation of arailcarrier subjecttopartA ofsubtitleIVof Title49;or