Implizite und Explizite Gedächtnisbildung bei Propofol-Remifentanil Anästhesie

!"#$%&'$()*+*,$-.'$!+/#01&#*2)23*&$"+%$45&'60*7&$8+0&+#*79&%*:*+

%&'$;&%*:*+*#<1&+$=6,")0/0$

>16'*0?$@$A+*7&'#*0/0#9&%*:*+$B&')*+$$

C8DDEFG!G84H

895)*:*0&$"+%$EI5)*:*0&$J&%/<10+*#K*)%"+3$K&*$

L'252-2)MF&9*-&+06+*)$!+/#01&#*&

N"'$E')6+3"+3$%&#$6,6%&9*#<1&+$J'6%&#$

C2<02'$9&%*<*+6&$OC'P$9&%PQ

72'3&)&30$%&'$;&%*:*+*#<1&+$=6,")0/0$

>16'*0?$@$A+*7&'#*0/0#9&%*:*+$B&')*+

72+

$

H6%R6$J'6+12)9

3&KP$S2'+

6"#$B&')*+

!!!!

J"06<10&'T*+U VP$L'2-P$C'P$9&%P$BP$F&1K&'3M()"3

WP$L'*7PMC2:P$C'P$9&%P$SP$X6'0&+K&'3

YP$L'*7PMC2:P$C'P$9&%P$XP$B2&9,&

"#$%&'()*+,*-.$#-(

!"#$%&'()*+),-#",'

!""#$%&'()*+,-+#./'#)00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 #* 12"+$$+'*+,-+#./'#)000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000* !"34,-&'()*+,-+#./'#)0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 *# 567#'$+#8&'(00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005

1.1 Intraoperative Wachheit und Gedächtnisbildung in Narkose... 1

1.2 Posttraumatisches Stressyndrom (PTSD)... 2

1.3 Gedächtnismodelle...3

1.4 Einfluß auf Nachweis und Auftreten von Gedächtnisbildung... 5

/010/!2(3.$4&45-(.$*!6*(')*+7%$+*#0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008 /0109!:-*!2+4,*((;-((4,-%'-4#(<+4,*;=+!#%.$!>%.4?3!=#;!;%(!!@4;*&&!#%.$!A=.$#*+0000000000B /010C!24('4<*+%'-)*+!D?7+%5*,*-'<=#E'00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000F 1.5 Überwachung der Narkosetiefe... 7

/080/!G&-#-(.$*!H-#(.$I',=#5!;*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 K /0809!HHLM?%(-*+'*(!J%+E4(*'-*7*#N4#-'4+-#5!000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 O /08090/!A"P00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 O /080909!Q*+*?+%&!P'%'*!@4#-'4+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000/R 1.6 Einfluss des chirurgischen Stimulus auf die intraoperative Gedächtnisbildung... 12

1.7 Aufgabenstellung... 13 96:+8/;%#30000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005< 2.1 Patientenauswahl... 15 2.2 Gedächtnistest... 16 9090/!D#S*#;=#5!;*(!T4+'('%NN?**#;-5=#5('*('*(!=#;!;*+!!2+4,*((;-((4,-%'-4#(<+4,*;=+! #%.$!>%.4?399_{00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 /B} 90909!H+('*&&=#5!;*+!T4+'&-('*#00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 /K 9090C!D?&%=7!T4+'('%NN?**#;-5=#5('*('0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 /K 90901!:=+.$7U$+=#5!;*(!T4+'%?(<-*&(00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009R 2.3 Vorbereitung des Patienten... 21

2.4 Intraoperative Messung der Narkosetiefe... 22

2.5 Narkoseregime... 23

2.6 Berechnung der Anteile explizite und implizite Erinnerung ... 24 90B0/!V4+N*&#!,=+!A*+*.$#=#5!;*+!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5(*77*E'*!#%.$!!>%.4?399_{000000000000000000098}

-"#$%&'()*+,*-.$#-( 90B09!:%(!*+S*-'*+'*!N=&'-#4N-%&*!@4;*&&!WH@@X!#%.$!A=.$#*+9K_{00000000000000000000000000000000000098} 2.7 Technischer Aufbau... 26 90F0/!A*%+?*-'=#5!;*+!2+-NI+;%'*#!N-'!Y=5&44<!""Z_!=#;![%?5+%?Z_{00000000000000000000000000000000000009B} 2.8 Statistik ... 27 =67,(+"'#))+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009> 3.1 Demographische Daten...28 3.2 Narkoseführung... 30 C090/!P'=;-*#5+=<<*0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 CR C0909!G4#'+4&&5+=<<*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000C/ 3.3 Analgesie zur Narkoseausleitung ...32

3.4 Effektkompartimentkonzentration von Propofol und Remifentanil im Zeitraum des Wortabspiels...32

3.5 Medikation im Aufwachraum... 32

3.6 Häufigkeit der Gedächtnisbildung in Abhängigkeit von der Anwendung eines Narkosetiefenmonitors (CSM)...33

3.7 Häufigkeit der Gedächtnisbildung nach der Narkosetiefe ... 35

C0F0/!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!?*-!2%'-*#'*#!N-'!'-*7*+!J%+E4(*! !WA"P!\!CO01X!=#;!%;I]=%'*+!J%+E4(*!WA"P!^!CO08X!SI$+*#;!;*(!!T4+'%?(<-*&(!00000000000000000C8 C0F09!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!?*-!2%'-*#'*#!N-'!'-*7*+!WQP"!\!CO01X!=#;!!%;I]=%'*+!J%+E4(*!WQP"! ^!CO08X!=#;!SI$+*#;!;*(!T4+'%?(<-*&(00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 CF 3.8 Gedächtnisbildungseffekte in Abhängigkeit vom Chirurgischen Stimulus... 39

C0K0/!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!)4+!=#;!#%.$!_%='(.$#-''!000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000CO 3.9 Ergebnisse zur Gedächtnisbildung unter Einbeziehung des Modells nach Buchner...40

3.10 Postoperatives Interview...41

3.11 Postoperative Schmerzen... 42

?6@#)3&))#;'0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ?? 4.1 Vergleich der Ergebnisse ...44

10/0/!D#S*#;=#5!=#'*+(.$-*;&-.$*+!D#I('$*(-*+*5-N*0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 1O 4.2 Das erweiterte multinomiale Modell (EMM) nach Buchner28_...51

4.3 Intraoperative Gedächtnisbildung: Stand der Forschung und ihre Einschränkungen...52

4.4 Träumen... 55

4.5 Diskussion der Methodik... 56

4.6 Schlußfolgerungen... 62 <6A&)2BB+'C2))&'(00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D< D6E#8+,28&,*+,-+#./'#)00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 DF

--"#$%&'()*+,*-.$#-( E+"+')$2&C0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000F< @2'3)2(&'(0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 FD 7,3$G,&'(0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 FF H&"$#328#;'00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 F>

---"#$%&'()*+,*-.$#-(

.//,%01"2'()*+),-#",'

D??-&;=#5!/`!Ha<&-,-'*(!=#;!"N<&-,-'*(!L*;I.$'#-(!N4;-7-,-*+'!#%.$!L$4#*-N!@b!:+=5(!%#;! _=N%#!@*N4+3!2%+'!/b!D#*('$*(-4&453b!c!/RRb!J4!1b!D<+0!9RR10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 D??-&;=#5!9`!c*+'*-&=#5!;*+!'%+5*'(!=#;!;-('+%.'4+(!-N!H-#(.$&=((M!=#;!D=((.$&=(('*('00000000000000/F D??-&;=#5!C`!A*-(<-*&!7U+!D?(<-*&!;*+!T4+'&-('*#000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009/ D??-&;=#5!1`!D=((.$&=((=+(%.$*#!W#X!7U+!;%(!5*(%N'*!2%'-*#'*#E4&&*E'-)!0000000000000000000000000000000000CR D??-&;=#5 ! 8` ! D=7'*-&=#5 ! ;*+ ! 2%'-*#'*# ! 5*4+;#*' ! #%.$ ! ;*# ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*# ! N*;-%#*# ! A"PM T*+'*?*+*-.$*#!W!A"P!\!CO01b!A"P!^!CO08X!SI$+*#;!;*(!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*#!T4+'%?(<-*&(00000000000000000C8 D??-&;=#5!B`!D=7'*-&=#5!;*+!2%'-*#'*#!5*4+;#*'!#%.$!;*#!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*#!N*;-%#*#!QP"MT*+'*#! WQP"!\!CO01b!QP"!^!CO08X!SI$+*#;!;*(!T4+'%?(<-*&(0!:*+!7%+?&-.$!=#'*+&*5'*!A%&E*#!,*-5'!;-*! *N<74$&*#*!J%+E4(*'-*7*!WQP"!1RMBRX0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000CF

6%?*&&*#)*+,*-.$#-(

3$/)%%)"()*+),-#",'

6%?*&&*!/`!d%$&*#S*+'*!;*(!Q*+*?+%&!P'%'*!"#;*a!7U+!;-*!:*7-#-'-4#!)*+(.$-*;*#*+!eP'%;-*#!;*+! D#I('$*(-*'-*7*f00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 /R 6%?*&&*!9`!2%'-*#'*#.$%+%E'*+-('-E%!W@T!g!P:X!=#;!:%'*#!;*+!<*+-4<*+%'-)*#!d*-'!W@*;-%#b!980!M! F80!2*+,*#'-&*X00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 9O 6%?*&&*!C`!G4N*;-E%'-4#!-N!D=7S%.$+%=N!W@*;-%#b!980!h!F80!2*+,*#'-&*X0000000000000000000000000000000000 CC 6%?*&&*!1`!c*+5&*-.$!;*+!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!-#!P'=;-*#M!=#;!G4#'+4&&5+=<<*!W@T!g!P:X00000000000C1 6%?*&&*!8`!@*;-%#MA"P!W980!h!F80!2*+,*#'-&*X!SI$+*#;!;*(!T4+'%?(<-*&(0000000000000000000000000000000000000CB 6%?*&&*!B`!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5(*77*E'*!W@T!g!P:X!?*-!2%'-*#'*#!N-'!N*;-%#*N!A"P!\!CO01!=#;! A"P!^!CO08!SI$+*#;!;*(!T4+'%?(<-*&(0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 CF 6%?*&&*!F`!@*;-%#MQP"!W980!h!F80!2*+,*#'-&*X!SI$+*#;!;*(!T4+'%?(<-*&(0000000000000000000000000000000000000CK 6%?*&&*!K`!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5(*77*E'*!W@T!g!P:X!?*-!2%'-*#'*#!N-'!N*;-%#*N!QP"!i!CO01!=#;! QP"!j!CO0800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000CO 6%?*&&*!O`!c*+5&*-.$!;*+!_-'!Y%'*!W@T!g!P:X!)4+!=#;!#%.$!_%='(.$#-''00000000000000000000000000000000000001R )

D?EU+,=#5()*+,*-.$#-(

./45*+1"2'()*+),-#",'

DPD Y-(-E4*-#('=7=#5!;*+!DN*+-.%#!P4.-*'3!47!D#%*('$*(-4&45-('( A"P ?-(<*E'+%&*+!"#;*a .%0 .-+.% QP" Q*+*?+%&!P'%'*!"#;*a QP@! Q*+*?+%&!P'%'*!@4#-'4+Z :LD"! :*='(.$*!L*(*&&(.$%7'!7U+!D#I('$*(-*!=#;!"#'*#(-)N*;-,-# HHL! H&*E'+4*#,*<$%&45+%NN HGL H&*E'+4E%+;-45+%NN *#5&0!! H#5&-(.$ *'.0! *'!.*'*+% 5!! L+%NN 5570 5*5*?*#*#7%&&( $! P'=#;* -0)0! -#'+%)*#k( E5 G-&45+%NN GL Gk+<*+5*S-.$' [@! [%+3#aN%(E*! @! @*#5* N5 @-&&-5+%NN l5! @-E+45+%NN @-#0 @-#='*# N&! @-&&-&-'*+ @T @-''*&S*+' # D#,%$&

)-D?EU+,=#5()*+,*-.$#-( #5! J%#45+%NN J"A:! J-.$'M-#)%(-)*!A&=';+=.EN*((=#5 m2 m<*+%'-4# 2YP6! G&-#-(.$*!A*S*+'=#5!;*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*!%#$%#;!)4#!A&=';+=.Eb!_*+,7+*]=*#,b! P.$S*-n<+4;=E'-4#!=#;!6+I#*#(*E+*'-4#!W<+*((=+*b!$*%+'!+%'*b!(S*%'-#5b!'*%+(X 26P: 24(''+%=N%'-(.$*(!P'+*((3#;+4N YmQ! T-*;*+*+&%#5=#5!;*(!A*S=(('(*-#(!#%.$!H#;*!;*+!J%+E4(*!W+*'=+#!47!.4#(.-4=(#*((X P: P'%#;%+;%?S*-.$=#5!;*(!@-''*&S*+'*( (040 ! (-*$*!4?*# (450! P45*#%##' Pm2 ('%#;%+;-(-*+'*!D+?*-'(%#S*-(=#5!W('%#;%+;!4<*+%'-#5!<+4.*;=+*(X 6Q"! 6%+5*'!Q4#'+4&&*;!"#7=(-4# 6"cD 64'%&*!"#'+%)*#k(*!D#I('$*(-* =0%0 =#'*+!%#;*+*N TP T4+'('%NN opM6*('! Q$-Mq=%;+%'!6*(' c! c4&=N*#! dJP d*#'+%&#*+)*#(3('*N

)--/!H-#&*-'=#5

678,"%),&1"2

6967!"&*$:;)*$&,()7<$-##),&71"07=)0>-#&",'/,%01"27,"7

?$*4:')

d= !;*# !5+=#;&*5*#;*# !d-*&*#!;*+ !D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-* !5*$k+*#!(4S4$& !;-*!A*S=(('&4(-5E*-'! *-#(.$&-*n&-.$ ! ;*+ ! c*+N*-;=#5 ! )4# ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*+ ! T%.$$*-' ! W*#5&0 ! %S%+*#*((X ! =#; ! )4#! H+-##*+=#5*# ! %# ! H+*-5#-((* ! ;*+ ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*# ! 2$%(*b ! %&( ! %=.$ ! ;-* !D#%&5*(-* ! SI$+*#; ! ;*+! :=+.$7U$+=#5!;*(!.$-+=+5-(.$*#!H-#5+-77(!?*-!%;I]=%'*+!@=(E*&+*&%a%'-4#0!:-*!r?*+S%.$=#5!;*+! 6-*7* ! ;*+ !D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-* ! 5*$k+' ! (4N-' ! ,= ! ;*# ! _%=<'%=75%?*# ! ;*( !D#I('$*(-('*#0 ! A*-! =#5*#U5*#;*+ ! J%+E4(*'-*7* ! E%## ! *( ! ,= ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*+ ! T%.$$*-' ! =#; ! ,=+ ! H+-##*+=#5 ! %#! H+*-5#-((*#!-N!m<*+%'-4#((%%&!E4NN*#0

"# ! ;*+ ! D#I('$*(-* ! S-+; ! ,S-(.$*# ! 9 ! 2+4,*((*# ! ;*+ ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5 ! SI$+*#; ! ;*+! D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-*!=#'*+(.$-*;*#`!*a<&-,-'*!=#;!-N<&-,-'*!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#50!H-#*!H-#'*-&=#5! ;-*(*+!T%.$$*-'(<$I#4N*#* ! SI$+*#; ! ;*+ ! J%+E4(*b! ;-* !%=.$! ;*# !S%$+(.$*-#&-.$ ! =#%?$I#5-5! )4#*-#%#;*+!%+?*-'*#;*#!*a<&-,-'*#!=#;!-N<&-,-'*#!L*;I.$'#-((3('*N*#!Y*.$#=#5!'+%5*#b!7-#;*'! (-.$!?*-!>4#*(/₀ /0 G*-#*!T%.$$*-' 90 T%.$$*-'!4$#*!H+-##*+=#5 C0 T%.$$*-'!N-'!=#?*S=(('*+!W-N<&-,-'*+X!H+-##*+=#5 10 T%.$$*-'!N-'!?*S=(('*+!W*a<&-,-'*+X!H+-##*+=#5 :-* ! T%$+(.$*-#&-.$E*-' ! ;*( ! D=7'+*'*#( ! ;-*(*+ ! =#'*+(.$-*;&-.$*# ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*#! T%.$$*-'(,=('I#;*!S-+;!)4#!/0!?-(!10!-NN*+!E&*-#*+0!:%+U?*+!$-#%=(!S-+;!%=.$!;%(!c4+E4NN*#! *-#*+ ! -N<&-,-'*# ! W=#?*S=(('*#X ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5 ! ;-(E='-*+'b ! ?*- ! ;*+ ! E*-#* ! T%.$$*-'(<$%(*! *+-##*+&-.$ ! -('0 ! A-(&%#5 ! -(' ! #-.$' ! *-#;*='-5 ! 5*E&I+'b ! 4? ! ;-*(* ! -N<&-,-'* ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5! '%'(I.$&-.$!%=7!E=+,,*-'-5*#!T%.$$*-'(<$%(*#!?*-!=#,=+*-.$*#;*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*!?*+=$'b!S*&.$*! %=75+=#; ! *-#*+ ! <4('4<*+%'-)*# ! DN#*(-* ! #-.$' ! ?*S=((' ! *+-##*+' ! S*+;*#b ! 4;*+ ! 4? ! $-*+ ! *-#*! '%'(I.$&-.$*!=#?*S=(('*!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!?*-!%;I]=%'*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*!)4+&-*5'9_{0!@k5&-.$!(-#;!} ;%?*-!E=+,,*-'-5*!2$%(*#!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*+!T%.$$*-'!?*-!7&%.$*+!D#I('$*(-*!WA-(<*E'+%&-#;*a!A"P!j! BRXC_{b!%&(!%=.$!*-#*!?*('*$*#;*!_k+)*+%+?*-'=#5!?*-!%;I]=%'*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*0} /

/!H-#&*-'=#5 s#)4&&('I#;-5*+!A*S=(('(*-#()*+&=('!=#'*+!D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-*!-('!*-#*!;*+!s+I#5('*!(4S4$&!7U+! 2%'-*#'*#!%&(!%=.$!7U+!D#I('$*(-('*#1_{0!"#!*-#*+!Y*-$*!)4#!P'=;-*#!,*-5'*!(-.$!*-#*!"#,-;*#,!)4#!} Rb/MRb9!t!7U+!!"!#$%$&&!?*-!D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-*0!P4!7%#;*#!P*?*&!*'!%&0!-#!*-#*+!P'=;-*!N-'!/O! 8F8!2%'-*#'*#!-#!Rb/C!t!;*+!VI&&*!T%.$$*-'(*+&*?#-((*8_{0!"#!;*+!G-#;*+%#I('$*(-4&45-*!S=+;*!*-#*!} $k$*+* ! "#,-;*#, ! N-' ! RbK ! t ! ?*- ! *-#*+ ! P'=;-* ! N-' ! /98R ! G-#;*+# ! -N !D&'*+ ! )4# ! 8M/9 ! >%$+*#! ?*(.$+-*?*#B_{0!>*;4.$!(.$*-#*#!;-*!<4('4<*+%'-)*#!V4&5*#!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*+!T%.$$*-'!?*-!G-#;*+#!}

S*#-5*+!(.$S*+S-*5*#;!,=!(*-#!%&(!?*-!H+S%.$(*#*#BuF_{0!:-*!T%$+(.$*-#&-.$E*-'!)4#!!"!#$%$&&'}

N-'!P.$N*+,*N<7-#;*#!S-+;!-#!;*+![-'*+%'=+!N-'!=#'*+!RbRC!t!%#5*5*?*#KuO_0! H(!5-?'!4<*+%'-)*!H-#5+-77*!=#;!A*;-#5=#5*#b!;-*!N-'!*-#*+!*+$k$'*#!"#,-;*#,!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*+! T%.$$*-'!*-#$*+5*$*#0!D=75+=#;!;*+!$IN4;3%N-(.$*#!"#('%?-&-'I'!?*-!'+%=N%'4&45-(.$*#!=#;! E%+;-4.$-+=+5-(.$*# ! H-#5+-77*# ! -(' ! ?*- ! ;-*(*# ! 2%'-*#'*#5+=<<*# ! ;%( ! Y-(-E4 ! ;*+ ! _3<4'*#(-4#! $k$*+0 ! :%$*+ ! -(' ! ;-* ! :4(-*+=#5 ! )4# ! D#I('$*'-E% ! N*-(' ! 5*+-#5*+ ! -N ! c*+5&*-.$ ! ,= ! %#;*+*#! 4<*+%'-)*# ! H-#5+-77*# ! =#; ! ?-+5' ! *-# ! *+$k$'*( ! Y-(-E4 ! 7U+ ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)* ! T%.$$*-' ! =#;! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#50 ! A*- ! E%+;-4.$-+=+5-(.$*# ! m<*+%'-4#*# ! ?*'+I5' ! ;-* ! "#,-;*#, ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*+! T%.$$*-' ! /b/M9C ! t/Ru//_{0 ! :%5*5*# ! ,*-5'* ! :4S;}/9_{b ! ;%(( ! =#'*+ ! D#S*#;=#5 ! N4;*+#*+!}

D#I('$*(-*'*.$#-E*#!;-*!"#,-;*#,!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*+!T%.$$*-'!-#!;*+!G%+;-4.$-+=+5-*!&*;-5&-.$!RbC! t!?*'+I5'0!A*-!6+%=N%<%'-*#'*#!N-'!J4'7%&&4<*+%'-4#*#!S=+;*!*a<&-,-'*!H+-##*+=#5!-#!//M1C!t! ;*+!VI&&*!#%.$5*S-*(*#/Ru//_{0![=?E*!*'0!%&!E4##'*#!-#!*-#*+!6+%=N%('=;-*}/C_{! -N<&-,-'*!H+-##*+=#5!}

?*- ! %;I]=%'*+ ! J%+E4(*'-*7* ! WA"P ! 1RMBRX ! #%.$S*-(*#b ! v*;4.$ ! E*-#* ! *a<&-,-'* ! H+-##*+=#50 ! A*-! G%-(*+(.$#-''*#'?-#;=#5*#!-#!D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-*!?*'+I5'!;-*!"#,-;*#,!Rb1!tK_{0!D&&5*N*-#!?*+5*#!}

*-#*!*+$*?&-.$*!H-#(.$+I#E=#5!;*+!2=N<7=#E'-4#!;*(!_*+,*#(!(4S-*!('%++*!A+4#.$4(E4<-*!*-#! *+$k$'*( ! Y-(-E4 ! 7U+ ! 7&%.$* ! J%+E4(*('%;-*# ! =#; ! (4N-' ! 7U+ ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5(<+4,*((*0 ! :-*! D#S*#;=#5 ! )4# ! @=(E*&+*&%a%#,-*#F_{! *+$k$' ! ;-* ! "#,-;*#, ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*+ ! T%.$$*-'b ! ;%!}

D?S*$+?*S*5=#5*#!%&(!d*-.$*#!=#,=+*-.$*#;*+!D#I('$*(-*!#-.$'!Nk5&-.$!(-#;0

69@7A:'&&*$1B$&,'-#)'7C&*)''D"0*:B7EA3CFG

J%.$$%&'-5* ! D=(S-+E=#5*# ! %=7 ! ;*# ! 2%'-*#'*# ! -#74&5* ! *a<&-,-'*+ ! H+-##*+=#5 ! (-#; ! Nk5&-.$b! ?*-(<-*&(S*-(*!-('!;-*!H#'S-.E&=#5!*-#*(!24(''+%=N%'-(.$*#!P'+*((3#;+4N(!?*E%##'0!@k5&-.$*! "#$%&'*!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*+!T%.$$*-'(,=('I#;*!(-#;!%E=('-(.$*b!'%E'-&*!4;*+!)-(=*&&*!T%$+#*$N=#5*#b! [I$N=#5(5*7U$&!?*-!@=(E*&+*&%a%'-4#b!P.$N*+,!(4S-*!('%+E*!D#5('M!?,S0!2%#-E5*7U$&*/1_0!DN!

$I=7-5('*# ! -(' ! %E=('-(.$* ! T%$+#*$N=#5 ! =#; ! ;%( ! H+&*?#-( ! )4# ! P.$SI.$* ! 4;*+ ! [I$N=#50! 2%'-*#'*#!*+-##*+#!$I=7-5*+!#*5%'-)!%((4,--*+'*!L*(<+I.$(-#$%&'*b!S*&.$*!;-*!*-5*#*!2*+(4#!4;*+!

/!H-#&*-'=#5

;*#!N*;-,-#-(.$*#!d=('%#;!?*'+*77*#0!:-*!Ek+<*+&-.$*#!=#;!N*#'%&*#!V4&5*#!)4#!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*+! T%.$$*-'!(-#;!E4N<&*a!=#;!Ek##*#!(-.$!(4S4$&!%&(!P.$N*+,!%&(!%=.$!-#!V4+N!<(3.$-(.$*+! c*+I#;*+=#5*#!I=n*+#/8_{0!:-*!H#'S-.E&=#5!;*(!24(''+%=N%'-(.$*#!P'+*((3#;+4N(!W26P:X!-('!*-#*!}

Nk5&-.$* ! G4#(*]=*#,b ! 5*E*##,*-.$#*' ! ;=+.$ ! S-*;*+E*$+*#;* ! D&<'+I=N*b ! P.$&%7('k+=#5*#b! D#5('!=#;!Y*-,?%+E*-'b!A*(.$I7'-5=#5!N-'!;*N!64;b!P4+5*!=N!;-*!L*(=#;$*-'b!T-*;*+*+&*?*#! ;*( ! H+*-5#-((*(b ! c*+N*-;=#5()*+$%&'*#b ! P.$+*.E+*%E'-4#*#b ! r?*+%=7N*+E(%NE*-' ! =#;! L*+*-,'$*-'0!A*'+477*#*!;=+.$&*?*#!-#!D&<'+I=N*#!6*-&*!;*+!m<*+%'-4#!=#;!*+&*?*#!-#!7&%($?%.E(! [I$N=#5b!H+('-.E=#5b!P.$N*+,!=#;!L*(<+I.$*!;*(!m<*+%'-4#(<*+(4#%&(0!"#!;*+!V4&5*!)*+N*-;*#! (-*!G+%#E*#$I=(*+b!w+,'*b!(45%+!;%(!,=MA*''M5*$*#/B_{0!26P:!?*(.$+*-?'!(4N-'!;-*!Ek+<*+&-.$*!=#;!}

<(3.$-(.$* ! @%#-7*('%'-4# ! *-#*( ! 2(3.$4(3#;+4N( ! #%.$ ! *-#*N ! (.$S*+S-*5*#;*#! '+%=N%'-(-*+*#;*# ! H+*-5#-(b ! -# ! ;-*(*N ! V%&&* ! ;-* ! %&( ! *a'+*N ! ?*&%('*#; ! *N<7=#;*#* !T%.$$*-'! SI$+*#;!;*+!J%+E4(*0!:%!;*+!A*'+477*#*!(*-#*!P3N<'4N*!N*-('!#-.$'!%&(!;-+*E'*!G4#(*]=*#,!;*+! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*# ! T%.$$*-' ! ?*5+*-7'b ! Ek##*# ! ;-*(* ! 2%'-*#'*# ! -#;-+*E' ! %=77I&&-5 ! S*+;*# ! U?*+! <(3.$-%'+-(.$*!V+%5*('*&&=#5*#!4;*+!:-%5#4(*#/F_{0 !T*-'!$I=7-5*+!%&(!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*!T%.$$*-'!-('!}

;%( ! c4+&-*5*# ! -N<&-,-'*+ ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5b ! S*&.$* ! <4('4<*+%'-) ! ;=+.$ ! ;*# ! 2%'-*#'*# ! #-.$'! ?*S=(('!*+-##*+'!=#;!)*+?%&-(-*+'!S*+;*#!E%##0!:-*!"#,-;*#,!-N<&-,-'*+!H+-##*+=#5!)%+--*+'!=#;! S-+;!-#!;*+![-'*+%'=+!N-'!FM/B!t/Ku/Ob9R_{!?*-!%;I]=%'*+!WA"P!1RMBRX!?-(!&*-.$'*+!Wj!BRX!D#I('$*(-*!}

%#5*5*?*#0!:-*(*!&-*5'!$k$*+!%&(!;-*!*a<&-,-'*!*+-##*+?%+*!T%.$$*-'!WRb/C!tX8_{!=#;!;-*!?*S=n'*!}

W*a<&-,-'*X ! H+-##*+=#5 ! %# ! -#'+%4<*+%'-) ! <+I(*#'-*+'* ! T4+'* ! N-' ! 1 ! t ! ?*- ! *-#*N ! N*;-%#*#! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*# ! A"PMT*+' ! )4# ! 1RMBR ! =#; ! 8 ! t ! ?*- ! A"P ! j ! BR9R_{0 ! :-* ! V4&5*# ! -N<&-,-'*+!}

L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!(-#;!?-(!$*='*!#-.$'!5*#%=!?*E%##'0!

69H7=)0>-#&",'B:0)%%)

"N!V4&5*#;*#!(4&&!*-#!r?*+?&-.E!%=(!;*+!#*=+4<(3.$4&45-(.$*#![-'*+%'=+!;%(!c*+('I#;#-(!;*+! A*5+-77* ! *a<&-,-'* ! =#; ! -N<&-,-'* ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5 ! )*+*-#7%.$*#9/_{0 ! A*- ! L$4#*-N}9/_{! S-+; ! ;%(!}

[%#5,*-'5*;I.$'#-(!W[dLX!%&(!*-#!%=(!N*$+*+*#!G4N<4#*#'*#!?*('*$*#;*(!@4;*&&!?*(.$+-*?*#! WD??-&;=#5!/X0!:-*!('%+E!(.$*N%'-(-*+'*!D??-&;=#5!?*+U.E(-.$'-5'!#-.$'!)4&&('I#;-5b!;%(( !;-*! L*;I.$'#-(7=#E'-4# ! *-#*+(*-'( ! #4.$ ! S*-'*+* ! _-+#+*5-4#*# ! -#)4&)-*+' ! =#; ! %#;*+*+(*-'( ! *-#*! _-+#+*5-4# ! %# ! N*$+*+*# ! 2+4,*((*# ! ?*'*-&-5' ! (*-# ! E%##0 ! :-* ! D=7'*-&=#5 ! ?*,-*$' ! (-.$ ! %=7! )*+(.$-*;*#*!2%+%N*'*+`!,*-'&-.$*!WG=+,,*-'M!)*+(=(![%#5,*-'5*;I.$'#-(Xb!;*#!A*S=n'(*-#(5+%;! W*a<&-,-' ! )*+(=( ! -N<&-,-'X ! =#; ! L*;I.$'#-(-#$%&'* ! WH+*-5#-((* ! )*+(=( ! V%E'*#X0 ! :*+ ! S-.$'-5('*!

/!H-#&*-'=#5 s#'*+(.$-*;!-('!;*+!,S-(.$*#!;*N!*a<&-,-'*#!W?*S=(('*#!4;*+!;*E&%+%'-)*#X!L*;I.$'#-(!=#;!;*N! -N<&-,-'*#!W=#?*S=(('*#!4;*+!#-.$'M;*E&%+%'-)*#X!L*;I.$'#-(0! :%(!*a<&-,-'*!L*;I.$'#-(!*#'$I&'!L*;I.$'#-(-#$%&'*b!;-*!;-+*E'!)*+?%&-(-*+'!S*+;*#!Ek##*#0!H(! S-+;!#4.$N%&(!=#'*+'*-&'!-#!*-#!(*N%#'-(.$*(!L*;I.$'#-(!N-'!E4#'*a'7+*-*N!V%E'*#S-((*#!=#;!-#! *-#!*<-(4;-(.$*(!L*;I.$'#-(!N-'!%?5*(<*-.$*+'*#!H+*-5#-((*#!N-'!d*-'M!=#;!m+'(?*,=50! :*N!-N<&-,-'*#!L*;I.$'#-(!&-*5*#!=#'*+(.$-*;&-.$*!T%$+#*$N=#5*#!4;*+!6I'-5E*-'*#!,=5+=#;*b! ;-*!,=!N*((?%+*#!H+5*?#-((*#!-#!6*(')*+7%$+*#!7U$+*#b!%?*+!E*-#*!?*S=(('*!H+-##*+=#5!%#!*'S%(! ;%+('*&&*#0!"N<&-,-'*(!L*;I.$'#-(!?*,-*$'!(-.$!%=7!T-((*#!U?*+!P<+%.$*!=#;!=#?*S=(('*(!<%((-)*(! T-((*#!-#!*-#*N!%((4,-%'-)*#!=#;!(*N%#'-(.$*#!G4#'*a'!=#%?$I#5-5!)4#!d*-'!=#;!Y%=N9/_0!:*+! A*5+-77!;*(!<+4,*;=+%&*#!L*;I.$'#-((*(!?*,*-.$#*'!*-#!L*;I.$'#-((3('*Nb!S*&.$*(!;%(!H+&*+#*#! =#;!=#?*S=n'*!Y*<+4;=,-*+*#!N4'4+-(.$*+!V*+'-5E*-'*#!=N7%(('0!:%(!<+4,*;=+%&*!L*;I.$'#-(! S-+;!47'!%&(!P3#4#3N!7U+!;%(!-N<&-,-'*!L*;I.$'#-(!)*+S*#;*'9/_0! "#!;*+!74&5*#;*#!D??-&;=#5!(-#;!=#'*+!;*#!)*+(.$-*;*#*#!L*;I.$'#-(74+N*#!;*+*#!S-.$'-5('*! %((4,--*+'*!_-+#('+=E'=+*#!%#5*5*?*#9/₀ 1 ())*+,-%.'/0'123+*4*5$&'-%,'673+*4*5$&'8$,9:;5%*&'7<,*=*4*$#5'%!:;'8;<%$*7'>?'@#-.&'!%,' A-7!%'>$7<#B'C!#5'/?'(%$&5;$&*<+<.B?'D'/EE?'F<'G?'(3#H'IEEG E5*#2%*#<1 ;&%*6)&#$G&952'6))655&+M S*552,695"#$D]#0&9 H*<106##2:*60*76 0*7&#$^&'+&+ F&-)&IK61+&+ ^6+3:&*03&%/<10+*# EI5)*:*0&#$J&%/<10+*# $895)*:*0&#$J&%/<10+*# D&96+0*#<1 L'2:&%"'6) L'*9*+3 E*+-6<1&$()6##*#<1&$ (2+%*02+*&'"+3 B6#6)36+3)*&+ ;202'<2'0&I >&'&K&))"9 H&2,2'0&I$ _>&'&K&))"9 OS*552<695"#Q

/!H-#&*-'=#5

69I78,"J%1K7$1J7?$-#L),'71"07.1J&*)&)"7(:"7

=)0>-#&",'/,%01"2

"# ! ;*# ! )4+%#5*$*#;*# ! D=(7U$+=#5*# ! S=+;* ! ;%( ! 2$I#4N*# ! ;*( ! =#)4&&('I#;-5*#! A*S=(('(*-#()*+&=('*(!SI$+*#;!*-#*+!D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-*b!=#'*+'*-&'!-#!-N<&-,-'*!=#;!*a<&-,-'*! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5b!(%N'!;*+*#!Nk5&-.$*+!V4&5*#!%N!A*-(<-*&!;*(!26P:!*+E&I+'0!:%?*-!-('!,=! ?*%.$'*#b ! ;%(( ! *( ! )*+(.$-*;*#* ! V%E'4+*# ! 5-?'b ! ;-* ! *-#*+(*-'( ! ;-* ! D=7'+*'*#($I=7-5E*-' ! =#;! %#;*+*+(*-'( ! ;-* ! J%.$S*-($I=7-5E*-' ! )4# ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5 ! -# ! J%+E4(* ! ?**-#7&=((*#0 ! :-*(! *+(.$S*+' ! ;-* ! c*+5&*-.$?%+E*-' ! ?-($*+-5*+ ! P'=;-*#0 ! d= ! ;*# ! V%E'4+*#b ! ;-* ! ;%( !D=7'+*'*# ! )4#! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!?**-#7&=((*#b!5*$k+*#!;-*!J%+E4(*'-*7*b!;%(!5*SI$&'*!J%+E4(*+*5-N*!(4S-*! ;%( ! D=7'+*'*# ! )4# ! .$-+=+5-(.$*N ! eP'+*((fb ! ,=N ! A*-(<-*& ! -N ! Y%$N*# ! ;*+ ! .$-+=+5-(.$*#! P'-N=&%'-4#!?*-!_%='(.$#-''0!:*+!J%.$S*-(!;*+!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!-('!)4#!;*+!6*(';=+.$7U$+=#5! %?$I#5-50!_-*+!(-#;!S-.$'-5!;%(!5*SI$&'*!<(3.$4&45-(.$*!6*(')*+7%$+*#!=#;!;*+!<4('4<*+%'-)*! D?7+%5*,*-'<=#E'b!S*&.$*(!-N!V4&5*#;*#!#I$*+!*+&I='*+'!S-+;0!

69I967A'D-#:%:2,'-#)73)'&()*J$#*)"

H(!*a-('-*+'!*-#*!c-*&,%$&!<(3.$4&45-(.$*+!6*(')*+7%$+*#!,=+!@*((=#5!?*S=(('*+!=#;!=#?*S=n'*+! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5(*77*E'*0!H-#*#!r?*+?&-.E!$-*+U?*+!5-?'!;-*!D+?*-'!)4#!@*+-E&*C_{b!;-*!-#!;-+*E'*!}

=#; ! -#;-+*E'* !6*('( ! =#'*+'*-&'0 ! :-*(* ! H-#'*-&=#5 ! 4+-*#'-*+' ! (-.$ ! %# ! ;*+ !D#S*-(=#5 ! ;=+.$ ! ;*#! s#'*+(=.$*+!=#;!#-.$'!%#!;*N!,=5+=#;*!&-*5*#;*#!L*;I.$'#-(<+4,*((0!:-*!D##%$N*!-('b!;%((!?*-! *-#*N!;-+*E'*#!6*('!?*S=(('*(!*a<&-,-'*(!L*;I.$'#-(!5*'*('*'!S-+;b!SI$+*#;!?*-!*-#*N!-#;-+*E'*#! 6*('!=#?*S=(('*(!-N<&-,-'*(!L*;I.$'#-(!5*'*('*'!S*+;*#!(4&&0

:-*!L&*-.$(*',=#5!*-#*(!L*;I.$'#-(<+4,*((*!N-'!*-#*N!L*;I.$'#-('*('!-('!v*;4.$!#-.$'!Nk5&-.$C_0!

H-#* ! 6*('&*-('=#5 ! E%## ! %&(4 ! ?*- ! *-#*N ! ;-+*E'*# ! 6*(' ! %=.$ ! ;=+.$ ! =#?*S=(('*( ! L*;I.$'#-(! ?**-#7&=((' ! S*+;*#0 ! sN5*E*$+' ! S-+; ! *-# ! -#;-+*E'*+ ! 6*(' ! %=.$ ! ;=+.$ ! *a<&-,-'*( ! L*;I.$'#-(! ?**-#7&=(('0!:%(!$*-n'!*(!5-?'!S*;*+!*-#*#!6*('b!;*+!#=+!-N<&-,-'*(!#4.$!*-#*#!;*+!%=((.$&-*((&-.$! *a<&-,-'* ! L*;I.$'#-(<+4,*((* ! *+7%(('0 ! 6%'(I.$&-.$ ! ?*-#$%&'*# ! L*;I.$'#-('*('( ! -#! =#'*+(.$-*;&-.$*N!D=(N%n*!D#'*-&*!)4#!?*S=(('*#!W*a<&-,-'*#X!=#;!=#?*S=(('*#!W-N<&-,-'*#X! 2+4,*((*#99_0!

d=+ ! H+74+(.$=#5 ! =#?*S=(('*+ ! L*;I.$'#-(<+4,*((* ! S-+; ! ;-* ! D#S*#;=#5 ! -#;-+*E'*+ ! 6*('(! *N<74$&*#C_{0 !:*+ !=<#:$, ' :;<*:$ ' #$:<.%*5*<%J6*('}9C_{b ! ;*+ !=#$$J!&&<:*!5*<% '6*(' ! =#; ! ;*+!}

/!H-#&*-'=#5

T4+'('%NN?**#;-5=#5('*('9_{! 5*&'*# ! %&( ! %=(+*-.$*#; ! (*#(-'-) ! =N ! -N<&-,-'* ! L*;I.$'#-(<+4,*((*!}

=#'*+!D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-*!,=!'*('*#91_0! :*+!T4+'('%NN?**#;-5=#5('*('!-('!*-#!$I=7-5!)*+S*#;*'*(!-#;-+*E'*(!6*(')*+7%$+*#b!?*-!;*N!;*#! 2+4?%#;*#!W2%'-*#'*#X!,S*-M!?-(!;+*-?=.$('%?-5*!T4+'%#7I#5*!W)4#!,=)4+!5*$k+'*#!=#;!#-.$'M 5*$k+'*#!T4+'*#X!<+I(*#'-*+'!S*+;*#b!;-*!,=!(-##)4&&*#!Tk+'*+#!*+5I#,'!S*+;*#!(4&&*#0!T*+;*#! )4#!;*#!2%'-*#'*#!?*('-NN'*!T4+'*!(-5#-7-E%#'!$I=7-5*+!*+5I#,'!%&(!)4#!;*+!G4#'+4&&5+=<<*b!S-+;! ;%(!%&(!_-#S*-(!%=7!-N<&-,-'*!=#;x4;*+!*a<&-,-'*!H+-##*+=#5!5*S*+'*'0

69I9@7F,)7A*:+)''0,'':+,$&,:"';*:+)01*7"$-#7M$-:/D71"070$'7

N:0)%%7"$-#7O1-#")*

H-#*#!S*(*#'&-.$*#!V4+'(.$+-''!7U+!;-*!D#S*#;=#5!;*(!T4+'('%NN?**#;-5=#5('*('(!?*;*='*'*! ;-* !D+?*-' ! )4# ! >%.4?399_{b ! ;*+ ! N-' ! ;*+ ! H-#7U$+=#5 ! ;*+ ! 2+4,*((;-((4,-%'-4#(<+4,*;=+ ! W3#<:$&&'}

,*&&<:*!5*<% ' 3#<:$,-#$b ! 2:2K! E&%+ ! *a<&-,-'* ! =#; ! -N<&-,-'* ! L*;I.$'#-(<+4,*((* ! )4#*-#%#;*+!

=#'*+(.$*-;*'0!_-*+?*-!S-+;!(4S4$&!*-#*!6+*##=#5!,S*-*+!5+=#;&*5*#;*+!L*;I.$'#-(<+4,*((*!%&(! %=.$!;*+*#!D#'*-&!%N!H+5*?#-(!*-#*(!L*;I.$'#-('*('(!*+Nk5&-.$'0!:%(!?*;*='*'b!;%((!;*+!A*-'+%5! *a<&-,-'*+ ! =#; ! -N<&-,-'*+ ! L*;I.$'#-(<+4,*((* ! -# ! *-#*N ! 6*(')*+7%$+*# ! 5*,*-5' ! S-+;0 ! :*+! T4+'('%NN?**#;-5=#5('*('!S-+;!=#'*+!c*+S*#;=#5!;*+!2+4,*((;-((4,-%'-4#(<+4,*;=+!W3#<:$&&'

,*&&<:*!5*<%'3#<:$,-#$b!2:2X!#%.$!>%.4?399_{! %&(!;-*!,=+,*-'!(*#(-'-)('*!@*'$4;*!?*'+%.$'*'!=#;!}

5-&'!-N!A*+*-.$!;*+!%#I('$*(-4&45-(.$*#!V4+(.$=#5!7U+!;-*(*(!6$*N%!%&(!eL4&;('%#;%+;f0

:-* ! 2:2 ! S=+;* ! -# ! )-*&*# ! P'=;-*# ! %#5*S*#;*'b ! =N ! ;%( ! D=7'+*'*# ! )4# ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*+! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5 ! ,= ! =#'*+(=.$*# ! =#; ! =N ! (4N-' ! ,S-(.$*# ! -N<&-,-'*+ ! =#; ! *a<&-,-'*+! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5 ! ,= ! =#'*+(.$*-;*#/Cu98M9F_{0 ! [=?E*}/C_{! E4##'* ! ,*-5*#b ! ;%( ! N-' ! %?#*$N*#;*+!}

J%+E4(*'-*7*!;-*!T%$+(.$*-#&-.$E*-'!7U+!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!('*-5'0!"#![=?E*(!D+?*-'!E4##'*!=#'*+! c*+S*#;=#5!;*+!2:2!=#'*+!H-#?*,-*$=#5!*-#*(!T%$+(.$*-#&-.$E*-'(N4;*&&(!#%.$!A=.$#*+9K_!;%(! D=7'+*'*# ! -N<&-,-'*+ ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5 ! #%.$5*S-*(*# ! S*+;*#0 ! :%( ! (45*#%##'* !$25$%,$,' 7$!&-#$7$%5'@4;*&&!WH@@X!#%.$!A=.$#*+9K_{!?*+U.E(-.$'-5'!-N!L*5*#(%',!,=N!m+-5-#%&M@4;*&&!} #%.$! >%.4?3! ;-* ! @k5&-.$E*-'b ! ;%(( ! ;-* ! H+5*?#-((* ! ;*+ ! 2:2! ;=+.$ ! ?*('-NN'*!6*#;*#,*# ! -N! D#'S4+')*+$%&'*#!(4S-*!;=+.$!Y%'*#!;*+!c*+(=.$(<*+(4#!)*+,*++'!S*+;*#0! D=75+=#; ! ;*+ ! 4?*# ! ;%+5*('*&&'*# ! H+5*?#-((* ! S=+;* ! -# ! ;*+ ! )4+&-*5*#;*# ! D+?*-' ! ;*+! T4+'('%NN?**#;-5=#5('*(' ! -# ! c*+?-#;=#5 ! N-' ! ;*+ ! 2:2 ! %#5*S*#;*'0 ! d=(I',&-.$ ! S=+;* ! ;%(! B

/!H-#&*-'=#5 @4;*&&!#%.$!A=.$#*+9K_{!,=+!A*+*.$#=#5!;*(!-N<&-,-'*#!L*;I.$'#-((*(!$-#,=5*,45*#b!S*&.$*(!;-*!} Y%'*)%+-%?&*!.'L.-$&&*%.K!=#;!;-*!)!&$'#!5$!W(<4#'%#*!T4+'*+5I#,=#5($I=7-5E*-'X!*-#E%&E=&-*+'0! A-($*+-5* ! V4+(.$=#5(*+5*?#-((*b ! ;-* ! ;*# ! T4+'('%NN ! WTPXMH+5I#,=#5('*(' ! =#; ! ;-* ! 2:2! %#S*#;*'*#b ! ?*,-*$*# ! (-.$ ! ,=N*-(' ! %=7 ! 5*+-#5* ! 2%'-*#'*#<4<=&%'-4#*# ! )4# ! 1RMKR! 2%'-*#'*#9Bu9Fu9Fu9O_{b ! SI$+*#; ! *( ! #=+ ! S*#-5* ! V4+(.$=#5(*+5*?#-((* ! 5-?'b ! ;-* ! ?*- ! 5+kn*+*#!}

P'=;-*#<4<=&%'-4#*#!N-'!ORM/9R!2%'-*#'*#/Cu9RuCR_{!*+$4?*#!S=+;*#0!:-*!)4+&-*5*#;*!P'=;-*!S=+;*!}

;%$*+!N-'!*-#*N!)*+5&*-.$(S*-(*!5+4n*#!2%'-*#'*#E4&&*E'-)!)4#!/BR!2%'-*#'*#!;=+.$5*7U$+'0

69I9H7A:'&:;)*$&,()*7./J*$2)+),&;1"4&

H?*#(4!S-*!;%(!<(3.$4&45-(.$*!6*(')*+7%$+*#!$%'!%=.$!;*+!<4('4<*+%'-)*!D?7+%5*,*-'<=#E'!#%.$! ;*+ ! :=+.$7U$+=#5 ! *-#*( ! T4+'%?(<-*&( ! H-#7&=n ! %=7 ! ;*# ! J%.$S*-( ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*+! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#50!:%(!?*(.$+-*?!@*+-E&*C_{! -#!*-#*+!@*'%%#%&3(*!%#$%#;!)4#!11!P'=;-*#!N-'!}

-#(5*(%N'!98/F!*+S%.$(*#*#!2%'-*#'*#!N-'!*-#*N!%&&5*N*-#.$-+=+5-(.$*#!4<*+%'-)*#!H-#5+-770! A*-!A*7+%5=#5*#!-##*+$%&?!)4#!/9!P'=#;*#!#%.$!;*+!m<*+%'-4#!E4##'*#!;-+*E'*!6*(')*+7%$+*#! (-5#-7-E%#'*!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5(*77*E'*!#%.$S*-(*#0!/9MCB!P'=#;*#!#%.$!;*+!m<*+%'-4#!,*-5'*#! (4S4$& ! -#;-+*E'* ! %&( ! %=.$ ! ;-+*E'* ! 6*(')*+7%$+*# ! (-5#-7-E%#'* ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5(*77*E'*0! D=75+=#; ! ;-*(*+ ! H+5*?#-((* ! S=+;* ! -# ! ;*+ ! )4+&-*5*#;*# ! P'=;-* ! ;*+ ! <4('4<*+%'-)*! D?7+%5*,*-'<=#E' ! #%.$ ! BM91 ! P'=#;*# ! 5*SI$&'0 ! J%.$ ! N*$+ ! %&( ! CB ! P'=#;*# ! E4##'* ! E*-#! 6*(')*+7%$+*#!(-5#-7-E%#'*!L*;I.$'#-(*77*E'*!%=7S*-(*#0!H(!5%?!_-#S*-(*!;%7U+b!;%((!&%#57+-('-5*! L*;I.$'#-(*77*E'*!%=.$!#%.$!CB!P'=#;*#!#%.$S*-(?%+!S%+*#b!7%&&(!*-#!<*+(k#&-.$*+!A*,=5!,=! ;*N!)*+S*#;*'*#!T4+'N%'*+-%&!?*('%#;0! sN!;%(!D=7'+*'*#!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*+!T%.$$*-'!=#;!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!-N!Y%$N*#!*-#*+!J%+E4(*!,=! )*+$-#;*+#b ! S-+; ! ;*+ ! r?*+S%.$=#5 ! ;*+ ! J%+E4(*'-*7* ! ?*(4#;*+*( ! "#'*+*((* ! -##*+$%&? ! ;*+! D#I('$*(-4&45-*!5*S-;N*'0!J*?*#!;*+!G4#'+4&&*!E&-#-(.$*+!2%+%N*'*+!-('!;-*!D#S*#;=#5!*-#*(! J%+E4(*'-*7*#N4#-'4+(!Nk5&-.$0

69P7Q/)*L$-#1"270)*7?$*4:')&,)J)

P*-' ! ;*+ ! :=+.$7U$+=#5 ! )4# ! D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-*# ! S=+;* ! )*+(=.$' ! ;-* ! J%+E4(*'-*7* ! ,=! U?*+S%.$*#0 ! :-* ! D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-* ! -(' ! *-# ! N*;-E%N*#'k( ! -#;=,-*+'*+ ! d=('%#; ! ;*+! A*S=(('&4(-5E*-' ! W_3<#4(*Xb ! ;*N ! #%.$ ! A*;%+7 ! P.$N*+,%=((.$%&'=#5 ! WD#%&5*(-*X ! =#;! @=(E*&*+(.$&%77=#5!WY*&%a%'-4#X!$-#,=5*7U5'!S*+;*#0!:%(!_*+?*-7U$+*#!;*+!A*S=(('&4(-5E*-'!

/!H-#&*-'=#5

WH-#&*-'=#5Xb ! ;-* ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)* ! r?*+S%.$=#5 ! =#; ! (.$&-*n&-.$ ! ;%( ! A**#;*# ! ;*+ ! J%+E4(*! WD=(&*-'=#5X ! 5*$k+*# ! ,= ! ;*# ! S*(*#'&-.$*# ! D=75%?*# ! ;*( ! D#I('$*(-('*# ! SI$+*#; ! *-#*+! D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-*0! "N!Y%$N*#!*-#*+!?%&%#.-*+'*#!D#I('$*(-*!S*+;*#!#*?*#!_3<#4'-E%!)4+! %&&*N ! m<-%'* ! %&( ! ('%+E* ! D#%&5*'-E% ! *-#5*(*','0 ! @=(E*&+*&%a%#,-*# ! Ek##*# ! ;-*! m<*+%'-4#(?*;-#5=#5*#!)*+?*((*+#!=#;!+*7&*E'4+-(.$*!@=(E*&?*S*5=#5*#!=#'*+;+U.E*#0!"#!;*+! )4+&-*5*#;*#!P'=;-*!S=+;*!%&(!_3<#4'-E=N!2+4<474&b!%&(!m<-%'!V*#'%#3&!=#;!%&(!@=(E*&+*&%a%#,! Q-(%'+%.=+-=N!)*+%?+*-.$'0!

:% ! ;-* ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)* ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5 ! )4# ! ;*+ ! J%+E4(*'-*7* ! %?$I#5-5 ! -('b ! S-+; ! ;-*(* ! -N! V4&5*#;*# ! #I$*+ ! *+k+'*+'0 ! H-#* ! ,= ! e4?*+7&I.$&-.$* ! D#I('$*(-*f ! N-' ! =#,=+*-.$*#;*+! P.$N*+,%=((.$%&'=#5b!P'+*((%?(.$-+N=#5!4;*+!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*+!T%.$$*-'!-('!5*#%=(4!=#*+SU#(.$'! S-*!*-#*!,=!e'-*7*f!J%+E4(*0!H-#*!,=!e'-*7*!J%+E4(*f!$I''*!%&(!G4#(*]=*#,!$IN4;3#%N-(.$*! A**-#'+I.$'-5=#5b ! )*+,k5*+'*( ! <4('4<*+%'-)*( ! H+S%.$*#b ! )*+&I#5*+'* ! <4('4<*+%'-)*! r?*+S%.$=#5(,*-'*#!-N!m<*+%'-4#((%%&!=#;!*-#*#!=##k'-5!$4$*#!D#I('$*'-E%)*+?+%=.$0!

s#'*+ ! kE4#4N-(.$*# ! L*(-.$'(<=#E'*# ! -(' ! ;%$*+ ! *-#* ! N%n5*(.$#*-;*+'* ! D#I('$*(-*7U$+=#5! (-##)4&&b!#-.$'!,=&*','!=#'*+!;*N!L*(-.$'(<=#E'!;*+!G4('*#+*;=,-*+=#5!;=+.$!;-*!H-#(<%+=#5!;*+! D#I('$*'-E%!=#;!*-#*+!*77-,-*#'*+*#!m<*+%'-4#((%%&MJ=',=#5C/_{0![*','*+*(!S-+;!*+Nk5&-.$'!;=+.$!}

)*+EU+,'* ! r?*+&*-'=#5(,*-'*# ! ,S-(.$*# ! m<*+%'-4#((%%& ! =#; !D=7S%.$+%=N0 ! d=(%NN*#7%((*#;! ?*'+%.$'*' ! (4&& ! *-# ! $4$*+ !D#I('$*'-E%)*+?+%=.$ ! )*+N-*;*# ! S*+;*#b ! SI$+*#; ! ,*-'5&*-.$ ! *-#*! %;I]=%'* ! J%+E4(*'-*7* ! ?*- !c*+N*-;=#5 ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*+ !T%.$$*-'(*+&*?#-((* ! 5%+%#'-*+' ! S*+;*#! (4&&0! :-*!%;I]=%'*!H-#(.$I',=#5!;*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*!-('!;%$*+!)4#!5+4n*+!A*;*='=#50!:-*!A*=+'*-&=#5! ;*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*!?*+=$'!)4+!%&&*N!%=7!E&-#-(.$*#!2%+%N*'*+#C9_{b!S4?*-!J%+E4(*'-*7*#N4#-'4+*!} =#'*+('U',*#;!%#5*S*#;*'!S*+;*#0

69P967R%,",'-#)78,"'-#>&+1"270)*7?$*4:')&,)J)

d=+!E&-#-(.$*#!H-#(.$I',=#5!;*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*!S*+;*#!)4+!%&&*N!2%+%N*'*+!;*+!_IN4;3#%N-E! =#;!)*5*'%'-)*!c*+I#;*+=#5*#!$*+%#5*,45*#0!H(!S*+;*#!A&=';+=.EM!=#;!_*+,7+*]=*#,)*+$%&'*#b! P<4#'%#?*S*5=#5*#!;*(!2%'-*#'*#b!6+I#*#7&=((b!P.$S-',*#!(4S-*!;%(!2=<-&&*#(<-*&!?*4?%.$'*'C/_0!

H)%#(C9_{! *#'S-.E*&'* ! ,=+ ! ('%#;%+;-(-*+'*# ! H-#(.$I',=#5 ! ;*+ ! J%+E4(*'-*7* ! ;*# ! 2YP6MP.4+*!}

WA&=';+=.Eb!_*+,7+*]=*#,b!P.$S-',*#b!6+I#*#7&=((X0!:-*(*!2%+%N*'*+!=#'*+&-*5*#!v*;4.$!*-#*+! c-*&,%$&!)4#!H-#7&U((*#0!d=N!A*(<-*&!S-+;!;=+.$!;-*!D#S*#;=#5!)4#!m<-4-;*#!;-*!E&-#-(.$*!

/!H-#&*-'=#5

H-#(.$I',=#5 !;*+! J%+E4(*'-*7* !*+(.$S*+'b !;% !$IN4;3#%N-(.$* !H#'5&*-(=#5*#!=#;! )*5*'%'-)*! d*-.$*# ! 7*$&*# ! Ek##*#b ! 4?S4$& ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)* ! T%.$$*-' ! 5&*-.$,*-'-5 ! #-.$' ! %=(5*(.$&4((*#! S*+;*#!E%##0!

d=;*N ! S-+; ! ;=+.$ ! ;-* ! D#S*#;=#5 ! )4# ! @=(E*&+*&%a%#,-*# ! ;-* ! T%$+(.$*-#&-.$E*-' ! 7U+! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*!T%.$$*-'!*+$k$'F_{0!:-*!A*S*5=#5!%=7!P.$N*+,+*-,!S-+;!;=+.$!@=(E*&+*&%a%'-4#!}

%=75*$4?*#0 ! A*5&*-'*+E+%#E=#5*# ! =#; ! A*5&*-'N*;-E%'-4# ! )*+I#;*+# ! ,=;*N ! ;-* ! 5*#%##'*#! )*5*'%'-)*#!2%+%N*'*+!-#!*+$*?&-.$*N!@%n*FuCCuC1_0!

:%+U?*+ !$-#%=( ! )%+--*+' !;*+ !-#;-)-;=*&&* !D#I('$*'-E%?*;%+7! ('%+E! =#;! *+(.$S*+' !;-* ! %;I]=%'*! :4(-*+=#50! :-*!V4&5*# !Ek##*# !r?*+M !4;*+! s#'*+;4(-*+=#5! ;*+!D#I('$*'-E% !N-' !;*+! (*&'*#*#! G4#(*]=*#, ! ;*+ ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*# ! T%.$$*-' ! (*-#0 ! :*+ ! -#;-)-;=*&&* ! A*;%+7 ! -(' ! (4S4$&! %&'*+(%?$I#5-5!%&(!%=.$!)4#!;*+!H#,3NE-#*'-E!;*+![*?*+!WQ3'4.$+4N!218R_XC8_{!?*('-NN'0!D=.$!*-#!}

$k$*+*+!DPDMP'%'=(!?-+5'!*-#!*+$k$'*(!Y-(-E4!7U+!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*!T%.$$*-'b!SI$+*#;!*(!v*;4.$! E*-#*!L*(.$&*.$'(=#'*+(.$-*;*!5*?*#!(4&&8uCB₀

69P9@788=S/$',)*&)'7?$*4:')&,)J)"B:",&:*,"26

d=+ ! H-#(.$I',=#5 ! ;*+ ! J%+E4(*'-*7* ! *a-('-*+*# ! #*?*# ! ;*+ ! E&-#-(.$*# ! H-#(.$I',=#5 ! %=.$! )*+(.$-*;*#* ! E4NN*+,-*&& ! *+$I&'&-.$* ! @4#-'4+*b ! S*&.$* ! %#$%#; ! ;*( ! )*+%+?*-'*'*#! H&*E'+4*#,*<$%&45+%NN( ! *-#* !D=(E=#7' ! U?*+ ! ;-* ! J%+E4(*'-*7* ! 5*?*# ! (4&&*#0 ! H( ! 5-?' ! ?-($*+! E*-#*#!%&&5*N*-#!)*+?-#;&-.$*#!P'%#;%+;!,=+!@*((=#5!;*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*CF_{0!d=+!A*=+'*-&=#5!;*+!}

J%+E4(*'-*7*!S*+;*#!)4+!%&&*N!P-5#%&*!;*+!L+4n$-+#+-#;*!S-*!;%(!HHL!4;*+!%E=('-(.$!*)4,-*+'*! 24'*#'-%&* ! WDH2X ! *-#5*(*','0 ! sN ! Nk5&-.$* ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5(*77*E'* ! -# ! =#(*+*+ ! P'=;-* ! -#! D?$I#5-5E*-' ! )4# ! ;*+ ! J%+E4(*'-*7* ! 7*(',=('*&&*#b ! S=+;* ! ;-* ! J%+E4(*'-*7* ! N-' ! ;*N! A-(<*E'+%&-#;*a ! WA"PXM9RRRM@4#-'4+ ! =#; ! N-' ! ;*N ! Q*+*?+%& ! P'%'* ! "#;*aM@4#-'4+ ! WQP@Z_X!

5*N*((*#0!:-*(*!?*-;*#!@4#-'4+*!S*+;*#!-N!V4&5*#;*#!#I$*+!?*(.$+-*?*#0

!"#"$"!%&'(

:*+ ! %N ! ?*('*# ! )%&-;-*+'* ! HHLM?%(-*+'* ! J%+E4(*'-*7*#N4#-'4+ ! -(' ! ;*+ ! A"PM@4#-'4+ ! WD(<*.'! @*;-.%& ! P3('*N(b ! J*S'4#b ! @Db ! sPDX0 ! :*+ ! A"P ! ,*-5' ! (-.$ ! %#;*+*# ! HHLMs#'*+(=.$=#5*#! U?*+&*5*#1uCKuCO_{! =#;!-('!;*+!;*+,*-'-5*!@%+E'7U$+*+}1_{0!:*+!A"PMT*+'!-('!*-#*!;-N*#(-4#(&4(*!d%$&!}

,S-(.$*# ! R ! =#; ! /RR ! =#; ! S-+; ! #%.$ !D#%&3(* ! ;*( ! Y4$MHHL( ! E%&E=&-*+'0 ! :*+ ! A"PM@4#-'4+! E%&E=&-*+' ! ;*# ! "#;*aS*+' ! %=( ! )*+(.$-*;*#*# ! P=?<%+%N*'*+# ! ;*( ! HHL1Ru1/_{0 ! :*+ ! ;*'%-&&-*+'*!}

/!H-#&*-'=#5

D&54+-'$N=(b!;*+!,=+!A*('-NN=#5!;*(!A"P!T*+'*(!7U$+'b!S=+;*!)4#!;*+!$*+('*&&*#;*#!V-+N%! ?-($*+!#=+!,=N!6*-&!)*+k77*#'&-.$'1R_{0!P'=;-*#!,*-5*#b!;%((!HHLM2%+%N*'*+b!S-*!;*+!A-(<*E'+%&*!}

"#;*a ! WA"PXb ! N-' ! ;*N ! L+%; ! ;*+ ! P*;-*+=#5 ! =#; ! ;*+ ! A&='E4#,*#'+%'-4# ! )4# ! D#I('$*'-E%! E4++*&-*+*#CKu19u1C_{0!:*+!A"PM@4#-'4+!-('!;%(!,=!;-*(*N!dS*.E!%N!$I=7-5('*#!)%&-;-*+'*!L*+I'}11_0!

P'=;-*#!%#!_4.$+-(-E4M2%'-*#'*#!?*,U5&-.$!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*+!T%.$$*-'!,*-5'*#b!;%(!A"P!5*7U$+'*! D#I('$*(-*# ! ;-* ! "#,-;*#, ! )4# !!"!#$%$&&! (*#E*# ! Ek##*#18M1F_{0 ! :*+ ! _*+('*&&*+ ! ;*7-#-*+' ! ;-*!}

-#'+%4<*+%'-) ! %;I]=%'* ! J%+E4(*'-*7* ! %&( ! A"PMT*+' ! ,S-(.$*# ! 1R ! =#; ! BR! WSSS0%(<*.'N*;-.%&0.4NX0!:*+!A"P!(.$*-#'!;%$*+!5='!5**-5#*'!*-#*!%;I]=%'*!J%+E4(*'-*7*!,=! ?*=+'*-&*#CKuCO₀

!"#"$"$%)*+*,+-.%(/-/*%0123/1+

D&( ! *-# ! S*-'*+*+ ! J%+E4(*'-*7*#N4#-'4+ ! S=+;* ! ;*+ ! Q*+*?+%& ! P'%'* ! @4#-'4+Z_{! WQP@X ! N-' ! ;*N!}

;%,=5*$k+-5*#!Q*+*?+%&!P'%'*!"#;*a!WQP"X!9RR1!*-#5*7U$+'0!T-*!;*+!A"PM@4#-'4+!?*+=$'!%=.$!;*+! QP@!%=7!;*+!.4N<='*+-(-*+'*#!2+4,*((-*+=#5!;*(!Y4$MHHL(!=#;!5-?'!*-#*#!"#;*aS*+'!)4#!Rh/RR! %#0!A*-;*!_*+('*&&*+!*N<7*$&*#!v*S*-&(!*-#*#!"#;*aS*+'!)4#!1RhBR!%&(!%;I]=%'*!J%+E4(*'-*7*!?*-! D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-*0! M!)$++$'/0'N!;+$%"$#5$',$&'O$#$)#!+'P5!5$'6%,$2'=Q#',*$'@$=*%*5*<%'R$#&:;*$,$%$#'SP5!,*$%',$# ' (%9&5;$&*$5*$=$T QP" P'%;-=N!;*+!D#I('$*(-*'-*7* KRM/RR T%.$$*-'!h!P*;-*+=#5 BRMKR P*;-*+=#5!M!4?*+7&I.$&-.$*!D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-* 1RMBR D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-*!W!e.$-+=+5-(.$*!D#I('$*(-*'-*7*fX /RM1R 6-*7*!D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-* RM/R P=<<+*((-4#(MD#'*-&!j!F8!t!?,S0!-(4*&*E'+-(.$*(!HHL m?S4$&!;*+!A"PM@4#-'4+!%N!?*('*#!)%&-;-*+'!-('!,=+!r?*+S%.$=#5!;*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*b!,*-5'*#! *+('*!P'=;-*#b!;%((!;*+!Q*+*?+%&!P'%'*!@4#-'4+!WQP@Z_{X!N-'!;*N!A"PM@4#-'4+!)*+5&*-.$?%+!-('}1Ku1O_0!

d=;*N ! ,*-5' ! ;*+ ! Q*+*?+%& ! P'%'* ! @4#-'4+ ! 4?v*E'-) ! ?*'+%.$'*' ! <+%E'-(.$* ! c4+'*-&* ! 7U+ ! ;*#! G&-#-E%&&'%50!:*+!QP@Z_{!-('!&*-.$'!W/8R5Xb!#*',=#%?$I#5-5!=#;!%=75+=#;!<+*-(S*+'*+!H&*E'+4;*#!}

E4('*#5U#('-50!:%$*+!S=+;*!;*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*#N4#-'4+!-#!;*+!)4+&-*5*#;*#!P'=;-*!)*+S*#;*'0! /R

/!H-#&*-'=#5

A%(-*+*#; ! %=7 ! ;*+ ! D##%$N*b ! ;%(( ! *-# ! J%+E4(*#'-*7*#N4#-'4+ ! ?*$-&7&-.$ ! -('b ! ;-* ! %;I]=%'*! J%+E4(*'-*7*!,=!*++*-.$*#!=#;!;*+!QP@!N-'!;*N!A"PM@4#-'4+!)*+5&*-.$?%+!(*-#!(4&&b!S=+;*!;-*! *+('*!_3<4'$*(*!%=75*('*&&'`! @*$'A9-=*.U$*5'*73+*4*5$#'8$,9:;5%*&)*+,-%.'"*#,',-#:;',*$'V<%5#<++$',$# ' F!#U<&$5*$=$'7*55$+&',$#'(%"$%,-%.'R<%'AB3%<&$%5*$=$%7<%*5<#*%.'LOP>WK' #$,-4*$#5H sN ! ;-*(* ! _3<4'$*(* ! ,= ! U?*+<+U7*#b ! S=+;*# ! ;-* ! 2%'-*#'*# ! -# ! P'=;-*#M ! =#; ! G4#'+4&&5+=<<*! =#'*+'*-&'` ! "# ! ;*+ ! G4#'+4&&5+=<<* ! S=+;* ! ;-* ! D#I('$*(-*'-*7* ! %=((.$&-*n&-.$ ! #%.$ ! E&-#-(.$*#! G+-'*+-*#!?*=+'*-&'!W4$#*!QP@Z_{X0!"N!L*5*#(%',!;%,=!S=+;*!-#!;*+!P'=;-*#5+=<<*!,=(I',&-.$!;*+!}

QP@Z_{!*-#5*(*','b!;*+!7U+!;*#!D#I('$*(-('*#!(-.$'?%+!S%+0!}

"#!?*-;*#!L+=<<*#!,*-.$#*'*!,=(I',&-.$!*-#!7U+!;*#!D#I('$*(-('*#!#-.$'!(-.$'?%+*+!A"PM@4#-'4+! ;-*!:%'*#!,=+!J%+E4(*'-*7*!%=70!m?S4$&!;*+!A"PM@4#-'4+!%&(!eL4&;('%#;%+;f!-N!A*+*-.$!;*+! J%+E4(*'-*7*#N*((=#5 ! 5-&'b ! (-#; ! -# ! (*&'*#*# ! VI&&*# !T%.$$*-'(7I&&* ! %=.$ ! ?*- ! *-#*+ ! %;I]=%'*#! J%+E4(*'-*7* ! ?*E%##'0 ! A*- ! *-#*N ! A"PMT*+' ! =#'*+ ! BR ! S-+; ! *-# ! 2%'-*#' ! -# ! %&&*+ ! Y*5*& ! E*-#*! T%.$$*-'!-#'+%4<*+%'-)!*+7%$+*#0!>*;4.$!E%##!E*-#*!/RRM<+4,*#'-5*!P-.$*+$*-'!;=+.$!;*#!H-#(%',! *-#*(!A"PM@4#-'4+(!5%+%#'-*+'!S*+;*#b!;%!;-*!P*#(-'-)-'I'!;*(!A"P!OFbC!t!=#;!;-*!P<*,-7-'I'!O1b1! t!?*'+I5'0!L&%((!*'0!%&!=#'*+('U','*#!;-*(*#!V%E'!-#!-$+*+!P'=;-*b!;%!8R!t!;*+!2+4?%#;*#!?*-! *-#*N ! A"P ! )4# ! BF ! ?,S0 ! O8 ! t ! ;*+ ! 2+4?%#;*# ! *+(' ! ?*- ! *-#*N ! A"P ! )4# ! 8R ! ;%( ! A*S=(('(*-#! )*+&4+*#0!"#!*-#*N!V%&&!S=+;*!*a<&-,-'*!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*!H+-##*+=#5!?*-!*-#*N!A"PMT*+'!)4#!1F! #%.$5*S-*(*#8R_{0 ! H-# ! %?(4&='*+ ! L+*#,S*+'b ! ;*+ ! )k&&-5 ! *-#;*='-5 ! S%.$ ! )4# ! #%+E4'-(-*+'!}

=#'*+(.$*-;*'b ! *a-('-*+' ! 477*#(-.$'&-.$ ! #-.$'1_{0 ! :%$*+ ! -(' ! *( ! %=.$ ! -# ! ;*+ ! )4+&-*5*#;*# ! P'=;-*!}

-#'*+*((%#'b!?*-!S*&.$*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*!*(!,=!*a<&-,-'*#!=#;x4;*+!-N<&-,-'*#!L*;I.$'#-(<+4,*((*#! E4NN'0 ! H-#* ! ,= ! 7&%.$* !D#I('$*(-* ! WA"P ! j ! BRX ! E4++*&-*+' ! ! N-' ! *-#*+ ! *+$k$'*# ! "#,-;*#, ! %#! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*+!T%.$$*-'!=#;!-N<&-,-'*+!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#50!"(*&-#MQ$%)*(!*'0!%&9R_{!,*-5'*!-#!-$+*+!}

P'=;-*!N-''*&(!;*+!2:2!%#!1K!2%'-*#'*#!=#'*+!c*+S*#;=#5!)4&%'-&*+!D#I('$*'-E%!W"(47&=+%#!=#;! [%.$5%(Xb ! ;%(( ! *( ! ?*- ! P*;-*+=#5 ! WA"P ! B/MKRX ! =#; ! %;I]=%'*+ !D#I('$*(-* ! WA"P ! 1/ ! M ! BRX ! ,=! -N<&-,-'*+!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!E4NN'b!v*;4.$!;-*(*(!2$I#4N*#!#-.$'!?*-!'-*7*+!D#I('$*(-*!WA"P! 9/!M!1RX!%=7'+-''0![=?E*!*'0!%&/C_{!)*+S-*(!-#!(*-#*+!P'=;-*!N-'!'+%=N%'4&45-(.$*#!H-#5+-77*#!;%+%=7b!}

;%(( ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5 ! )4# ! ;*+ ! J%+E4(*'-*7* ! %?$I#5-5 ! -(' ! =#; ! ?*+-.$'*'* ! U?*+ ! -N<&-,'*! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!?*-!%;I]=%'*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*!WA"P!1R!M!BRXb!S*&.$*!=#%?$I#5-5!)4#!*a<&-,-'*N!

/!H-#&*-'=#5

L*;I.$'#-(!%=7'+%'0!A*-!'-*7*+!D#I('$*(-*!WA"P!i!1RX!,*-5'*#!(-.$!E*-#*!('%'-('-(.$!(-5#-7-E%#'*#! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5(*77*E'*0

P'%'' ! )4&%'-&*+ !D#I('$*'-E% ! S=+;* ! -# ! =#(*+*+ ! P'=;-* ! *-#* ! '4'%&* ! -#'+%)*#k(* !D#I('$*(-* ! N-'! 2+4<474&!=#;!Y*N-7*#'%#-&!;=+.$5*7U$+'!D=7!;*+!A%(-(!;*+!H+5*?#-((*!)4#!"(*&-#MQ$%)*(!*'0%&9R! S=+;*!;-*!,S*-'*!_3<4'$*(*!74+N=&-*+'` @*$'A9-=*.U$*5'*73+*4*5$#'8$,9:;5%*&)*+,-%.'*&5'"9;#$%,'*%5#!R$%X&$#' (%9&5;$&5;$&*$')$*'=+!:;$#'F!#U<&$5*$=$';X;$#H

69T78,"J%1''70)'7-#,*1*2,'-#)"7C&,B1%1'7$1J70,)7

,"&*$:;)*$&,()7=)0>-#&",'/,%01"2

"#!;*+!D+?*-'!)4#![=?E*!*'0!%&/C_{!S=+;*!;*='&-.$b!;%(!;*+!L+%;!;*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*!#-.$'!;*+!*-#,-5!} ?*('-NN*#;*!V%E'4+!7U+!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5(*77*E'*!S%+0!"N!L*5*#(%',!;%,=!5%?!*(!_-#S*-(*! ;%+%=7b ! ;%(( ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5(*77*E'* ! )4N ! .$-+=+5-(.$*# ! P'-N=&=( ! %?$I#5-5 ! (*-# ! Ek##*#b! =#%?$I#5-5!)4#!;*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*0!:*#!<4(-'-)*#!H77*E'!%=7!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5! -#74&5*!*-#*(!.$-+=+5-(.$*#!P'-N=&=(!E4##'*!:**<+4(*!*'0!%&/O_{! -#!-$+*+!D+?*-'!,*-5*#0!:*N#%.$!}

E4NN'!*(!%=75+=#;!;*(!.$-+=+5-(.$*#!P'-N=&=(!,=+!D=((.$U''=#5!)4#!G%'*.$4&%N-#*#b!S*&.$*! )*+N='&-.$ ! -N<&-,-'* ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5 ! =#; !T%.$$*-'(*+&*?#-((* ! (4S4$& ! ?*- ! _%='(.$#-'' ! %&(! %=.$!E=+,!;%#%.$!?*5U#('-5*#0!:-*!D+?*-'(5+=<<*!=#'*+(=.$'*!-#!-$+*+!P'=;-*!%#!B1!2%'-*#'*#! =#'*+ ! c*+S*#;=#5 ! )4# ! 2+4<474&b ! S*&.$*# ! H-#7&=(( ! ;*+ ! .$-+=+5-(.$* ! P'-N=&=( ! %=7 ! -N<&-,-'*! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!$%'0!P-*!)*+5&-.$*#!;-*!H+5*?#-((*!)4+!=#;!#%.$!_%='(.$#-''!N-'*-#%#;*+0! 6+4',!)*+5&*-.$?%+*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*!-#!?*-;*#!L+=<<*#!E%N!*(!,=!(-5#-7-E%#'*#!H+5*?#-((*#!#%.$! ;*N!_%='(.$#-''!-N !c*+5&*-.$!,=!;*#!)4+!;*N!_%='(.$#-''!;%+5*?4'*#*#![*+#-#$%&'*#0!:%N-'! ,*-5'*#!(-*b!;%((!;*+!.$-+=+5-(.$*!P'-N=&=(b!#*?*#!;*+!J%+E4(*'-*7*b!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5(*77*E'*! ?**-#7&=((*#!E%##0!

:-* ! DN35;%&% ! -(' ! ?*- ! ;*+ ! D#5('E4#;-'-4#-*+=#5 ! =#; ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5 ! ?*'*-&-5'0 ! :*+*#! DE'-)-*+=#5 ! S-+; ! ;=+.$ ! ;-* ! D=((.$U''=#5 ! )4# ! P'+*(($4+N4#*# ! )*+('I+E'b ! ,= ! ;*#*# ! %=.$! 4<*+%'-)*!H-#5+-77*!,I$&*#/Ou9F_{0!H(!S=+;*!5*,*-5'b!;%((!;-*!D=((.$U''=#5!)4#!D;+*#%&-#!?*-!*-#*+!}

P'+*((+*%E'-4# ! ;%( ! [*+#*# ! ?*- ! Y%''*# ! )*+('I+E'8/_{0 ! P4N-' ! S=+;* ! ;-* ! 6$*(* ! 5*('U','b ! ;%(!}

G%'*.$4&%N-#%=((.$U''=#5!?*-!#%+E4'-(-*+'*#!2%'-*#'*#!%&(!D#'S4+'!%=7!*-#*#!P.$N*+,+*-,!;-*! -N<&-,-'*!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!)*+('I+E*#!E%##89_0!

/!H-#&*-'=#5

:-* ! H+5*?#-((* ! ;*+ ! D+?*-' ! )4# ! :**<+4(* ! *'0%&/O_{! (-#; ! *-#* ! 5='* ! c*+5&*-.$(?%(-( ! ,= ! ;*+!}

)4+&-*5*#;*#!D+?*-'b!;%!-#!?*-;*#!D+?*-'*#!2+4<474&!%&(!_3<#4'-E=N!%#5*S*#;*'!S=+;*b!v*;4.$! :**<+4(* ! *'0 ! %&/O_{! #=+ ! B1 ! 2%'-*#'*# ! =#'*+(=.$'*#0 ! :-*(*( ! H+5*?#-( ! (4&&'* ! -# ! ;*+ ! )4+&-*5*#;*#!}

2-&4'('=;-*!%#$%#;!*-#*+!5+kn*+*#!P'=;-*#<4<=&%'-4#!N-'!/BR!2%'-*#'*#!5*'*('*'!S*+;*#0!:%!;-*! P'+*==#5!;*+![-'*+%'=+!#-.$'!*#'#4NN*#!S*+;*#!E4##'*b!$%#;*&'*!*(!(-.$!;%N-'!=N!*-#*!+*&%'-)! 5+4((*!2-&4'('=;-*!-N!c*+5&*-.$!,=![-'*+%'=+;%'*#/Cu/Ou9RuCBu8Cu81 !_{0!:%$*+!&%='*'*!;-*!;+-''*!_3<4'$*(*!}

;-*(*+!D+?*-'` 8$,9:;5%*&)*+,-%.'"*#,',-#:;',$%':;*#-#.*&:;$%'P5*7-+-&'R$#&59#U5H

69U7.1J2$/)"'&)%%1"2

d=(%NN*#7%((*#;!*+5*?*#!(-.$!;-*!74&5*#;*#!_3<4'$*(*#!7U+!;-*!)4+&-*5*#;*!D+?*-'` AB3<5;$&$'/0' @*$'A9-=*.U$*5'*73+*4*5$#'8$,9:;5%*&)*+,-%.'"*#,',-#:;',*$'V<%5#<++$',$# ' F!#U<&$5*$=$'7*55$+&',$#'(%"$%,-%.'R<%'AB3%<&$%5*$=$%7<%*5<#*%.'LOP>K'#$,-4*$#5H AB3<5;$&$'I0' @*$'A9-=*.U$*5'*73+*4*5$#'8$,9:;5%*&)*+,-%.'*&5'"9;#$%,'*%5#!R$%X&$#'(%9&5;$&*$')$*' =+!:;$#'F!#U<&$5*$=$';X;$#H AB3<5;$&$'Y0' 673+*4*5$'8$,9:;5%*&)*+,-%.'"*#,',-#:;',$%':;*#-#.*&:;$%'P5*7-+-&'R$#&59#U5H' sN!;-*!_3<4'$*(*#!,=!<+U7*#b!S=+;*!*-#*!<+4(<*E'-)*!2-&4'('=;-*!;=+.$5*7U$+'b!?*-!;*+!/BR! 2%'-*#'*#! +%#;4N-(-*+' ! -# ! *-#* ! QP@Z_{MU?*+S%.$'* ! P'=;-*#5+=<<* ! =#; ! -# ! *-#* ! G4#'+4&&5+=<<*!} *-#5*'*-&'!S=+;*#!Wr?*+<+U7=#5!;*+!_3<4'$*(*!/X0!"N<&-,-'*!H+-##*+=#5(?-&;=#5!S=+;*!N-'!;*N! T4+'('%NN?**#;-5=#5('*(' ! =#'*+ ! D#S*#;=#5 ! ;*( ! m+-5-#%&N4;*&&( ! ;*+ ! 2:2 ! #%.$ ! >%.4?399! 5*'*('*'0!:-*!H+5*?#-((*!S=+;*#!N-'!;*N!$25$%,$,'7$!&-#$7$%5'7<,$+!WH@@X!#%.$!A=.$#*+9K! U?*+<+U7'0! /C

/!H-#&*-'=#5 24('M$4. ! S=+;*# ! ,=;*N ! ,=+ ! r?*+<+U7=#5 ! )4# ! _3<4'$*(* ! 9 ! 2%'-*#'*# ! N-' ! *-#*N ! N*;-%#*#! QP"xA"P!M!T*+'!)4#!j!CO08!We7&%.$*!J%+E4(*fX!=#;!i!CO08!We'-*7*!J%+E4(*fX!5*'+*##'!%#%&3(-*+'0! :%;=+.$!E4##'*#!;-*!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5(*77*E'*!,S-(.$*#!2%'-*#'*#!N-'!*-#*+!e%;I]=%'*#f!?,S! e7&%.$*#!J%+E4(*f!)*+5&-.$*#!S*+;*#!N-'!;*#*#b!;-*!*-#*!e'-*7*!J%+E4(*f!*+$-*&'*#0! d=+ ! r?*+<+U7=#5 ! ;*+ ! ;+-''*# ! _3<4'$*(* ! S=+;* ! )4+ ! =#; ! #%.$ ! A*5-## ! ;*+ ! .$-+=+5-(.$*#! P'-N=&%'-4#!;%(!T4+'%?(<-*&!;=+.$5*7U$+'0 /1

9!@*'$4;-E

@7N)&#:0,4

@967A$&,)"&)"$1'L$#%

J%.$!L*#*$N-5=#5!;*+!)4+&-*5*#;*#!P'=;-*!;=+.$!;-*!H'$-EE4NN-((-4#!;*+!Q$%+-'y!S=+;*#!/BR! 2%'-*#'*#!-#!*-#*N!<+4(<*E'-)*#b!+%#;4N-(-*+'*#b!*-#7%.$!)*+?&-#;*'*#!D#(%',!=#'*+(=.$'0!:-*! 2%'-*#'*#!S=+;*#!U?*+!;-*!P'=;-* !NU#;&-.$!=#;!(.$+-7'&-.$!%=75*E&I+'!=#;!-$+*!H-#S-&&-5=#5! (.$+-7'&-.$!%=7!*-#*N!c4+;+=.E!*-#5*$4&'0!:*+!H-#(.$&=((,*-'+%=N!&%5!,S-(.$*#!P*<'*N?*+!9RRB! =#; ! V*?+=%+ ! 9RRF0 ! H( ! $%#;*&'* ! (-.$ ! ;%?*- ! =N ! 5*<&%#'* ! 53#IE4&45-(.$*b ! =+4&45-(.$* ! =#;! %&&5*N*-#.$-+=+5-(.$*!H-#5+-77*b!;-*!-#!D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-*!N-'!2+4<474&!=#;!Y*N-7*#'%#-&!%&(! '4'%&*!-#'+%)*#k(*!D#I('$*(-*!W6"cDX!-#!;*+!Q$%+-'yb!Q%N<=(!A*+&-#!@-''*b!;=+.$5*7U$+'!S=+;*#0! :-*!P'=;-*!S=+;*!%&(!2-&4'('=;-*!5*<&%#'b!;%!%=75+=#;!;*+!#-.$'!?*E%##'*#!P'+*==#5!*-#*!*a%E'*! V%&&,%$&(.$I',=#5 ! #-.$' ! Nk5&-.$ ! S%+0 ! "N ! c*+5&*-.$ ! N-' ! %#;*+*# ! D+?*-'*# ! S=+;* ! *-#*! L*(%N'('=;-*#<4<=&%'-4#!)4#!/BR!2%'-*#'*#!N-'!v*S*-&(!KR!2%'-*#'*#!v*!L+=<<*!5*SI$&'0!c4#! -#(5*(%N'!/BR!2%'-*#'*#!S=+;*#!1/!2%'-*#'*#!#%.$!G4#'+4&&*!;*+!(*E=#;I+*#!D=((.$&=((E+-'*+-*#! %=(5*(.$&4((*#0!"#(5*(%N'!E4##'*#!;-*!:%'*#!)4#!//O!2%'-*#'*#!,=+!D=(S*+'=#5!$*+%#5*,45*#! S*+;*#0!:-*!2%'-*#'*#!S=+;*#!-#!9!L+=<<*#!=#'*+'*-&'b!?*('*$*#;!%=(!*-#*+!P'=;-*#M!=#;!*-#*+! G4#'+4&&5+=<<*0' DN !6%5 ! )4+ ! ;*+ ! m<*+%'-4# ! S=+;*# ! ;-* ! 2%'-*#'*# ! )4# ! *-#*N ! -# ! ;-* ! P'=;-*! -#)4&)-*+'*# !D#I('$*(-('*# ! =#'*+ ! A*+U.E(-.$'-5=#5 ! ;*+ ! H-#M ! =#; !D=((.$&=((E+-'*+-*# ! 7U+ ! ;-*! P'=;-*!%=75*E&I+'0 H-#5*(.$&4((*#!S=+;*#!2%'-*#'*#b!;-*!7U+!*-#*#!.$-+=+5-(.$*#!H-#5+-77!=#'*+!D&&5*N*-#%#I('$*(-*! N-'!2+4<474&!=#;!Y*N-7*#'%#-&!5**-5#*'!S%+*#0!@I##*+!=#;!V+%=*#!N-'!*-#*N!@-#;*('%&'*+!)4#! /K!>%$+*#!N-'!*-#*N!DPD!P'%'=(!"M"""!S=+;*#!=#'*+!A*+U.E(-.$'-5=#5!;*+!D=((.$&=((E+-'*+-*#!7U+! ;-*!P'=;-*!+*E+='-*+'0!:-*!2%'-*#'*#!$%''*#!*#'S*;*+!:*='(.$!%&(!@=''*+(<+%.$*!4;*+!?*$*++(.$'*#! ;-*!;*='(.$*!P<+%.$*!7&-*n*#;0!

d= ! ;*# ! D=((.$&=((E+-'*+-*# ! ,I$&'*# ! P.$S*+$k+-5E*-'b ! D&E4$4&Mb ! :+45*#Mb ! (4S-*! @*;-E%N*#'*#%?$I#5-5E*-'!=#;!hN-((?+%=.$0!T*-'*+$-#!5*$k+'*!;%,=!*-#*!,=N!d*-'<=#E'!;*+! P'=;-* ! ?*('*$*#;* ! +*5*&NIn-5* ! H-##%$N* ! )4# ! 2(3.$4<$%+N%E% ! =#; ! J*=+4&*<'-E% ! ?,S0 ! ;-*! &*','N%&-5*!H-##%$N*!(4&.$*+!@*;-E%N*#'*!*-#*!T4.$*!)4+!P'=;-*#?*5-##0!d=(I',&-.$!5%&'*#!*-#! $*+,M ! 4;*+ ! #*=+4.$-+=+5-(.$*+ ! H-#5+-77b ! *-#* ! ?*('*$*#;* ! #*=+4&45-(.$* ! H+E+%#E=#5 ! N-'!

9!@*'$4;-E

A**-#'+I.$'-5=#5 ! ;*+ ! L*;I.$'#-(7=#E'-4#b ! d=('%#; ! #%.$ ! P.$&%5%#7%&& ! =#; ! *-#* ! ?*E%##'*! ,*+*?+%&*!2*+7=(-4#(('k+=#5!%&(!D=((.$&=((E+-'*+-=N0!d=!;*#!(*E=#;I+*#!D=((.$&=((E+-'*+-*#!7U+! ;-*!:=+.$7U$+=#5!;*(!<4('4<*+%'-)*#!T4+'('%NN*+5I#,=#5('*('( !L"<#,'&5$7':<73+$5*<%'5$&5K' 5*$k+'*# ! ;-* ! H-##%$N* ! )4# ! @-;%,4&%N ! W:4+N-.=NZ_{X ! -N ! H-#&*-'=#5(+%=Nb ! ;-* ! L%?* ! )4#!} (*;-*+*#;!S-+E*#;*#!P.$&%7M!4;*+!A*+=$-5=#5(N-''*&#!W:-%,*<%Nb![4+N*'%,*<%Nb!2+4N*'$%,-#b! =0%0X ! ?-( ! ,= ! /9 ! P'=#;*# ! )4+ ! :=+.$7U$+=#5 ! ;*( ! T4+'('%NN?**#;-5=#5('*('( ! =#; ! ?*('*$*#;*! r?*&E*-'!,=N!A*7+%5=#5(,*-'<=#E'0

@9@7=)0>-#&",'&)'&

@9@967."L)"01"270)'7<:*&'&$BB/))"0,21"2'&)'&)'71"070)*7

A*:+)''0,'':+,$&,:"';*:+)01*7"$-#7M$-:/D

@@

sN ! -#'+%4<*+%'-)* ! T%$+#*$N=#5 ! -# ! V4+N ! )4# ! *a<&-,-'*+ ! =#; ! -N<&-,-'*+ ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5! #%.$,=S*-(*#b ! S=+;*# ! ;*N ! 2%'-*#'*# ! ,=*+(' ! -#'+%4<*+%'-) ! T4+'* ! <+I(*#'-*+' ! W/06*-&b! P'=;-*#<$%(*X0!"#!*-#*N!"#'*+)-*S!BM91!P'=#;*#!<4('4<*+%'-)!W906*-&b!6*('<$%(*X!%?(4&)-*+'*#!;-*! 2%'-*#'*#!,=+!6*('=#5!;*+!*a<&-,-'*#!H+-##*+=#5!;%(!A+-.*!"#'*+)-*S88_{!N-'!;*N!=#$$'#$:!++J6*('0!}

:*+ ! 6*(' ! ,=+ ! -N<&-,-'*# ! H+-##*+=#5 ! =N7%(('* ! ;*# ! T4+'('%NN*+5I#,=#5('*(' ! W"<#, ' &5$7'

:<73+$5*<% ' 5$&5X ! =#'*+ ! c*+S*#;=#5 ! ;*+ ! 2+4,*((;-((4,-%'-4#(<+4,*;=+ ! W3#<:$&& ' ,*&&<:*!5*<%' 3#<:$,-#$?'2:2X!#%.$!>%.4?399_{0' @-'!_-&7*!;*+!2:2!E4##'*!;*+!D#'*-&!-N<&-,-'*+!W=#?*S=(('*+X!}

=#; ! *a<&-,-'*+ ! W?*S=(('*+X ! L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5 ! %# ! ;*N !T4+'('%NN?**#;-5=#5('*(' ! %#5*5*?*#! S*+;*#0

"#'+%4<*+%'-) ! <+I(*#'-*+'* ! T4+'* ! 5%&'*# ! %&( ! 6%+5*'MT4+'*b ! S*&.$* ! -N ! V%&&* ! *-#*+ ! +-.$'-5*#! H+5I#,=#5!-N!Y%$N*#!;*(!T4+'('%NN?**#;-5=#5('*('!%&(!6+*77*+!W5!#.$5';*5&K!5*S*+'*'!S=+;*#0! :-*!6+*77*++%'*!L5!#.$5';*5'#!5$K!?*,*-.$#*'*!;-*!eY%'*!;*+!E4++*E'!*+5I#,'*#!<+I(*#'-*+'*#!T4+'*f0! :%5*5*#!('*&&'*#!;-*!:-('+%E'4+Sk+'*+!W,*&5#!:5<#&K!;-*!T4+'*!;%+b!;-*!SI$+*#;!;*+!P'=;-*#<$%(*! #-.$'!<+I(*#'-*+'!S=+;*#0!D#%&45!;%,=!?*,*-.$#*'*!;-*!,*&5#!:5<#';*5'#!5$';-*!eY%'*!;*+!E4++*E'! *+5I#,'*#!#-.$'!<+I(*#'-*+'*#!Tk+'*+f0!:-*(*!?*+=$'*!(4N-'!%=7!*-#*+!,=7I&&-5!+-.$'-5!5*SI$&'*#! T4+'*+5I#,=#50 ! :-* !,*&5#!:5<# ' ;*5 ' #!5$! E4++*&-*+'* ! ;%$*+ ! N-' ! ;*+ ! (<4#'%#*#! T4+'*+5I#,=#5($I=7-5E*-'!L)!&$'#!5$KH

9!@*'$4;-E

:*+!J%.$S*-(!7U+!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!&%5!)4+b!(4?%&;!;-*!5!#.$5';*5'#!5$!('%'-('-(.$! (-5#-7-E%#' ! U?*+ ! ;*+ !)!&$ ' #!5$ '&%50 ! :-* !)!&$ ' #!5$ '?*,*-.$#*'* ! ;-* ! (<4#'%#*! T4+'*+5I#,=#5($I=7-5E*-'!;*+!)4+&-*5*#;*#!T4+'&-('*!W#!z!1RX!=#;!?*'+=5!?*-!;*+!)4+&-*5*#;*#! P'=;-*!9RM98!t0!:-* !,*&5#!:5<#';*5'#!5$! ;*(!H-#(.$&=(('*('(!=#'*+(.$-*;!(-.$!#-.$'!)4#!;*+!;*(! D=((.$&=(('*('(0!Ha<&-,-'*(!L*;I.$'#-(!&%5!)4+b!S*##!;-*!D#,%$&!;*+!5!#.$5';*5&!-N!D=((.$&=(('*('! (-5#-7-E%#'!E&*-#*+!S%+!%&(!;-*!5!#.$5';*5'#!5$!-N!H-#(.$&=(('*('0 >*;*N!2%'-*#'*#!S=+;*#!-#!;*+!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*#!P'=;-*#<$%(*!9R!T4+'*!L5!#.$5&K!)4+5*(<-*&'0!"#! ;*+!<4('4<*+%'-)*#!6*('<$%(*!S=+;*#!;*N!2%'-*#'*#!1R!T4+'%#7I#5*!W9!4;*+!C!A=.$('%?*#!&%#5X! <+I(*#'-*+'0!:%?*-!$%#;*&'*!*(!(-.$!=N!9R!T4+'%#7I#5*!)4#!5!#.$5&!W<+I(*#'-*+'*!T4+'*X!=#;!9R! ,*&5#!:5<#&!W#-.$'!<+I(*#'-*+'*!T4+'*X0!"#!;*+!6*('<$%(*!S=+;*#!v*!9R!T4+'*!-N!H-#(.$&=((M!=#;! D=((.$&=(('*('!<+I(*#'-*+'0!P4S4$&!;*+!H-#(.$&=((M!%&(!%=.$!;*+!D=((.$&=(('*('!?*('%#;*#!%=(! v*S*-&(!/R !,*&5#!:5<#&! =#;!/R !5!#.$5&H ':-*!D??-&;=#5!9!,*-5'!;-*!D=7'*-&=#5!)4#' 5!#.$5& '=#;!

,*&5#!:5<#&!-N'H-#M!=#;!D=((.$&=(('*('0 /F ())*+,-%.'I0'D$#5$*+-%.',$#'5!#.$5&'-%,',*&5#!:5<#&'*7'1*%&:;+-&&J'-%,' (-&&:;+-&&5$&5

<:*&%,'&)7

O_[$X`'0&'Q W[$06'3&0# _{W[$%*#0'6<02'#} 6V7&$*2)&' 6V70,'&*$-&:*' 8,"'-#%1K&)'& 6V7&$*2)&' 6V70,'&*$-&:*' .1''-#%1K&)'&

9!@*'$4;-E

@9@9@78*'&)%%1"270)*7<:*&%,'&)"

:-*!)*+S*#;*'*#!T4+'*!7U+!;*#!T4+'('%NN?**#;-5=#5('*('!S=+;*#!%=(!;*+!;*='(.$(<+%.$-5*#! [-'*+%'=+!,=+!6$*N%'-E!;*+!s#'*+(=.$=#5!-N<&-,-'*+!=#;!*a<&-,-'*+!L*;I.$'#-(?-&;=#5!N-'!_-&7*! )4#!T4+'%#7%#5(MH+5I#,=#5(%=75%?*#!7U+!P=?('%#'-)* !*#'#4NN*#8BM8K_{0!:%( !D=(S%$&E+-'*+-=N!} ;*+!T4+'*!S%+!*-#*!(<4#'%#*!T4+'*+5I#,=#5($I=7-5E*-'!)4#!9RM98!t!?*-!S%.$*#!2%'-*#'*#0!:-*! 5*SI$&'*#!T4+'*!S%+*#!8!M!B!A=.$('%?*#!&%#50!D=7!;-*!T4+'%#7%#5((-&?*!(4&&'*#!N-#;*('*#(!1! T4+'*+5I#,=#5*#!Nk5&-.$!(*-#0!d=+!c*+-7-,-*+=#5!;*+!D#S*#;?%+E*-'!;*+!T4+'*!7U+!;-*!%=;-'-)*! 2+I(*#'%'-4#!S=+;*!;-*!(<4#'%#*!H+5I#,=#5($I=7-5E*-'!?*-!S%.$*#!=#;!(*;-*+'*#!2%'-*#'*#!-#! *-#*+!c4+('=;-*!U?*+<+U7'8O_0!

@9@9H7./%$1J7<:*&'&$BB/))"0,21"2'&)'&

:-*!:=+.$7U$+=#5!;*(!,S*-'*#!6*-&(!W6*('<$%(*X!*+74&5'*!BM91!P'=#;*#!#%.$!m<*+%'-4#(*#;*!%=7! ;*+!P'%'-4#!-N!2%'-*#'*#,-NN*+b!(47*+#!;*+!2%'-*#'!(-.$!;%,=!-#!;*+![%5*!7U$&'*0!:-*!6*('<$%(*! 5&-*;*+'* ! (-.$ ! -# ! 9 ! 6*-&*` ! N4;-7-,-*+'*( ! <4('4<*+%'-)*( ! "#'*+)-*S ! #%.$ ! A+-.*88_{! =#; ! ;*#!}

T4+'('%NN?**#;-5=#5('*('b!"<#,'&5$7':<73+$5*<%'5$&50 "N ! ,S*-'*# ! 6*-& ! W6*('<$%(*X ! S=+;*# ! ;-* ! 2%'-*#'*# ! <4('4<*+%'-) ! N-' ! ;*N! T4+'('%NN?**#;-5=#5('*(' ! W3#<:$&& ' ,*&&<:*!5*<% ' 3#<:$,-#$b ! 2:2X ! 5*'*('*'b ! ;*+ ! %=( ! *-#*N! H-#(.$&=((M!=#;!D=((.$&=(('*('!?*('%#;0! :-*!NU#;&-.$*!<4('4<*+%'-)*!A*7+%5=#5!#%.$!A+-.*88<sub>!?*-#$%&'*'*!74&5*#;*!V+%5*#`!</sub> /0 T%(!-('!-$+*!&*','*!H+-##*+=#5!)4+!;*+!J%+E4(*{ 90 T%(!-('!-$+*!*+('*!H+-##*+=#5!#%.$!;*N!H#;*!;*+!J%+E4(*{ C0 _%?*#!(-*!H+-##*+=#5*#!%#!;-*!d*-'!;%,S-(.$*#{ 10 _%?*#!P-*!5*'+I=N'{ 80 Gk##*#!P-*!(-.$!%#!Tk+'*+!*+-##*+#b!;-*!SI$+*#;!;*+!J%+E4(*!5*(<+4.$*#!S=+;*#{! V%&&(!A*%#'S4+'=#5!;-*!A*%#'S4+'=#5!N-'!ev%f!*+74&5'`!A-''*!#*##*#!P-*!;-*(*!Tk+'*+|!d=(I',&-.$! ,=!;*#!V+%5*#!)4#!A+-.*!S=+;*!;%(!V4&5*#;*!)4N!2%'-*#'*#!?,S0!)4#!;*+!2%'-*#'-#!*+7+%5'` /0 V+%5*!#%.$!r?*&E*-'b!H+?+*.$*#!=#;!%#;*+*#!A*(.$S*+;*# 90 D#5%?*#!%=7!*-#*+!)*+(.$-*??%+*#!)-(=*&&*#!D#%&45!PE%&%!WcDPX!,=+!H-#(.$I',=#5!;*+! P.$N*+,-#'*#(-'I'!%=7!*-#*+!PE%&%!)4#!RM/R /K

9!@*'$4;-E

d=;*N!S=+;*!6%5!=#;!s$+,*-'!?*-!A*7+%5=#5(?*5-##!#4'-*+'0!D=(!;*#!2%'-*#'*#E=+)*#!*+74&5'*! ;-*!:4E=N*#'%'-4#!U?*+!)*+%?+*-.$'*!P.$N*+,Mb!P.$&%7M!=#;!A*+=$-5=#5(N-''*&!?*,45*#!%=7!;*#! d*-'+%=N!,S-(.$*#!YU.EE*$+!%=7!;-*!P'%'-4#!?-(!,=+!<4('4<*+%'-)*#!A*7+%5=#50!H(!*+74&5'*!;*+! (*E=#;I+* ! P'=;-*#%=(((.$&=((b ! 7%&&( ! ;-* ! L%?* ! *-#*( ! P.$&%7M ! 4;*+ ! A*+=$-5=#5(N-''*&( ! W,=N! A*-(<-*& ! :-%,*<%Nb ! [4+N*'%,*<%Nb ! =0%0X ! 4;*+ ! ;-* ! L%?* ! *-#*( ! (*;-*+*#; ! S-+E*#;*#! P.$N*+,N-''*&( ! WA*-(<-*& ! *-# ! (.$S%.$*( ! m<-4-; ! S-* ! 6+%N%;4&X ! ?-( ! ,= ! /9 ! P'=#;*# ! )4+ ! ;*+! A*7+%5=#5!)4+5*E4NN*#!S%+0 J%.$!;*+!A*7+%5=#5!74&5'*!;-*!:=+.$7U$+=#5!;*(!T4+'('%NN?**#;-5=#5('*('*(b!?*('*$*#;!%=(! H-#(.$&=((M!=#;!D=((.$&=(('*('0! "N!H-#(.$&=(('*('!*+74&5'*!*-#*!NU#;&-.$*!D#S*-(=#5!;=+.$!;*#!s#'*+(=.$*+` /0 e"$#*#!S*+;*#!)*+(.$-*;*#*!T4+'%#7I#5*!U?*+!;-*!G4<7$k+*+!<+I(*#'-*+'0f 90 eA-''*!)*+)4&&('I#;-5*#!P-*!v*;*#!T4+'%#7%#5!,=!*-#*N!5%#,*#!T4+'!W;*='(.$*(! _%=<'S4+'X|f C0 ec*+S*#;*#!P-*!#=+!Tk+'*+!-#!;*+!H-#,%$&!WJ4N-#%'-)Xb!E*-#*!m+'(#%N*#b!E*-#*! 2*+(4#*#M!=#;!E*-#*!H-5*##%N*#|f 10 eVU+!v*;*#!T4+'%#7%#5!5-?'!*(!N*$+*+*!<%((*#;*!H+5I#,=#5*#0f 80 eA-''*!)*+)4&&('I#;-5*#!P-*!;*#!T4+'%#7%#5!,=!*-#*N!T4+'b!;%(!"$#*#!)4+5*(<-*&'!S=+;*|! V%&&(!;-*(!#-.$'!5*&-#5'b!#*##*#!P-*!;%(!*+('*!T4+'b!;%(!"$#*#!*-#7I&&'|f

:-* ! D#S*-(=#5*# ! -N ! D=((.$&=(('*(' ! *#'(<+%.$*# ! 2=#E' ! /M1 ! ;*( ! H-#(.$&=(('*('( ! N-' ! ;*+! N4;-7-,-*+'*#!7U#7'*#!V+%5*`!eA-''*!)*+)4&&('I#;-5*#!P-*!;*#!T4+'%#7%#5!,=!*-#*N!T4+'b!;%(! "$#*#!)4+5*(<-*&'!S=+;*|!c*+S*#;*#!P-*!#-.$'!;-*(*(!T4+'b!(4#;*+#!)*+S*+7*#!P-*!;-*(*(!=#;! #*##*#!P-*!*-#!%#;*+*(!<%((*#;*(!T4+'|!V%&&(!;-*(!#-.$'!5*&-#5'b!#*##*#!P-*!;%(!*+('*!T4+'b!;%(! "$#*#!*-#7I&&'|f! :*+!2%'-*#'!?*E%N!,=+!J%.$?*7+%5=#5!U?*+!G4<7$k+*+!N-'!_-&7*!*-#*(!J4'*?44E(!;-*!*+('*!P-&?*! ;*(!T4+'%#7%#5*(!%&(!*-#!%E=('-(.$*(!P-5#%&!<+I(*#'-*+'0!d*-'5&*-.$!N-'!;*N!%E=('-(.$*#!P-5#%&! S=+;*!;*N!2%'-*#'*#!%=7!*-#*N!J4'*?44E!;*+!)4+5*(<-*&'*!T4+'%#7%#5!-#!(.$S%+,*+!P.$+-7'!%=7! S*-n*N!s#'*+5+=#;!WN-'!;*+!P.$+-7'5+kn*!/Kb!P.$+-7'%+'!D+-%&X!%&(!V4&-*#<+I(*#'%'-4#!N-''*&(! <4S*+!<4-#'!W@-.+4(47'b!sPDb!c*+(-4#!9RRCX!)-(=*&&!<+I(*#'-*+'0!:-*!;-5-'%&-(-*+'*#!,S*-!4;*+! ;+*-!A=.$('%?*#!&%#5*#!5*(<+4.$*#*#!T4+'%#7I#5*!S=+;*#!%=(!;*#!?*('*$*#;*#!:%'*-*#!WS%)*M :%'*-*#X ! ;*+ ! )4&&('I#;-5*# ! T4+'* ! 5*(.$#-''*#b ! ;-* ! )4# ! ;*+ ! 5&*-.$*# ! NI##&-.$*# ! P'-NN*!

9!@*'$4;-E 5*(<+4.$*#!S=+;*#0!:%(!;=+.$!;*#!2%'-*#'*#!NU#;&-.$!*+5I#,'*!T4+'!#4'-*+'*!;*+!s#'*+(=.$*+! <*+!_%#;0! :*N!2%'-*#'*#!S=+;*#!9R!T4+'('INN*!-#!+%#;4N-(-*+'*+!Y*-$*#74&5*!<+I(*#'-*+'0!:-*!_I&7'*!;*+! #=#!<+I(*#'-*+'*#!T4+'('INN*!W#!z!/RX!('%NN'*#!)4#!;*#!5*$k+'*#!T4+'*#!L5!#.$5&K!;*+!-#!;*+! -#'+%4<*+%'-)*#!P'=;-*#<$%(*!<+I(*#'-*+'*#!T4+'*0!:-*!%#;*+*#!/R!P-&?*#!S=+;*#!#-.$'!-#!;*+! P'=;-*#<$%(*!<+I(*#'-*+'!L,*&5#!:5<#&KH'"N!H-#(.$&=(('*('!;*+!2:2!S=+;*!;*+!2%'-*#'!%=75*74+;*+'! %=7!*-#*#!)4+5*(<-*&'*#!T4+'('%NN!*-#!<%((*#;*(!T4+'!,=!*+5I#,*#0!:%(!*+('*!*-#7%&&*#;*!T4+'! (4&&'* ! )*+S4+7*# ! S*+;*# ! =#; ! ;%( ! ,S*-'* ! *-#7%&&*#;* ! T4+' ! %=75*(.$+-*?*# ! S*+;*#0 ! "N! D=((.$&=(('*(' ! (4&&'* ! *-#! S*-'*+*( !T4+' ! 5*#%##'! S*+;*#b ! ;%( ! ,= ! ;*+ ! )4+5*(<-*&'*# !T4+'(-&?*! <%(('*0!

H-#!-##*+$%&?!)4#!CR!P*E=#;*#!#-.$'!%=75*(.$+-*?*#*(!T4+'!S=+;*!%&(!7*&&b!;%(!$*-n'!%&(!#-.$'! *+-##*+'b!5*S*+'*'0 !T*-'*+*!L+U#;*b!;-* !,=!*-#*N !7*&&! 7U$+'*#b !?*-#$%&'*'*# !*?*#(4!)4#!;*+! )-(=*&&*#!c4+&%5*!+*.$'(.$+*-?&-.$!%?S*-.$*#;*!H+5I#,=#5*#!WA*-(<-*&`!H+5I#,=#5!;*(!T4+'*! e274'*f!%=7!;*#!T4+'%#7%#5!eV4fX!(4S-*!S-*;*+$4&'*(!e7%&(.$*(f!H+5I#,*#!;*+!T4+'*b!;-*!#-.$'! ;*#!5*74+;*+'*#!G+-'*+-*#!WE*-#!m+'(Mb!2*+(4#*#M!=#;!H-5*##%N*X!*#'(<+%.$*#0!

@9@9I7F1*-#J5#*1"270)'7<:*&$/';,)%'

"#'+%4<*+%'-)!WP'=;-*#<$%(*X!S=+;*#!;*#!2%'-*#'*#!9R!T4+'*!v*S*-&(!N-'!1R!T-*;*+$4&=#5*#! )4+5*(<-*&'0!:%(!D?(<-*&!;*+!T4+'*!?*5%##!)4+!;*N!_%='(.$#-''b!Nk5&-.$('!N-'!H-#(*',*#!;*+! .$-+=+5-(.$*# ! @%n#%$N*#b ! ;*7-#-*+' ! %&( ! _%=';*(-#7*E'-4# ! ;*( ! 2%'-*#'*# ! -N ! ,= ! 4<*+-*+*#;*#! A*+*-.$0!J%.$!*+74&5'*+!J%+E4(**-#&*-'=#5!S=+;*#!;*N!2%'-*#'*#!;-*!G4<7$k+*+!%=75*(*','0!:-*! 2+45+%NNhH-#('*&&=#5*# ! 7U+ ! ;%( ! T4+'%?(<-*& ! S=+;*# ! %=7 ! ;*N ! Q4N<='*+ ! *-#5*('*&&'0 ! s#'*+! c*+S*#;=#5!*-#*( !)4#!;*+ !D+?*-'(5+=<<*!<+45+%NN-*+'*#!2+45+%NN( !7U+!;%( !%='4N%'-(-*+'*! T4+'%?(<-*&b!S=+;*#!;-*!%?,=(<-*&*#;*#!T4+'*!7*('5*&*5'0!>*;*N!2%'-*#'*#!S=+;*#!9R!T4+'*! L5!#.$5&K')4+5*(<-*&'0!L*NIn!;*#!P'%#;%+;*-#('*&&=#5*#!S=+;*!v*;*(!T4+'!1RMN%&!#%.$*-#%#;*+! %?5*(<-*&'0!2+4!T4+'!;%=*+'*!;%(!.%0!9!P*E=#;*#0!H-#!T4+';=+.$&%=7!N-'!1R!5*(<-*&'*#!T4+'*#! ;%=*+'*!.%0!KR!P*E=#;*#0!J%.$*-#%#;*+!S=+;*#!;%##!;-*!*#'(<+*.$*#;*#!T4+'*!%?5*(<-*&'0!:%(! d*-'-#'*+)%&&!,S-(.$*#!;*#!*-#,*&#*#!T4+';=+.$&I=7*#!?*'+=5!*?*#7%&&(!9!P*E=#;*#0!VU+!v*;*#! 2%'-*#'*#!S=+;*!*-#*!2+4'4E4&&;%'*-!*+('*&&'0!H-#*!+%#;4N-(-*+'*!d=4+;#=#5!;*+!2%'-*#'*#!,=+! P'=;-*#M!4;*+!G4#'+4&&5+=<<*!*+74&5'*!;=+.$!;%(!d-*$*#!*-#*(!)*+(.$&4((*#*#!A+-*7=N(.$&%5*(! )4+!A*5-##!;*+!m<*+%'-4#0!>*;*+!2%'-*#'!*+$-*&'!*-#*!#*=*!T4+'&-('*b!#%.$!;*+!%=(!*-#*N!244&!%=(! 9R

9!@*'$4;-E

1R ! T4+'*# ! 9R ! )4+5*(<-*&' ! S=+;*#0 ! :-* ! Y%#;4N-(-*+=#5 ! ;*+ ! T4+'&-('*# ! ?*('%#; ! -# ! ;*+! c*+(.$-*?=#5!;*+!%?,=(<-*&*#;*#!5!#.$5&'-#!9*+!P.$+-''*#!)4#!2%'-*#'!,=!2%'-*#'0!D=(!'*.$#-(.$*#! L+U#;*#!S=+;*#!;-*!#-*;+-5('*#!d%$&*#!-NN*+!,=*+('!%?5*(<-*&'0!A*-(<-*&(S*-(*!?*;*='*'*!;%(b! ;%((!2%'-*#'!J+0!/8!*-#*!T4+'&-('*!N-'!T4+'!9O!?-(!T4+'!K!)4+5*(<-*&'!S=+;*0!:%(!T4+'%?(<-*&! *+74&5'*!;%##!-#!;*+!Y*-$*#74&5*`!1RMN%&!T4+'!/b!1RMN%&!T4+'!9b!1RMN%&!T4+'!Cb!=(S0!:*+! 5*(.$-&;*+'*!D?&%=7!S-+;!-#!D??-&;=#5!C!)*+%#(.$%=&-.$'0 :*+!A*5-##!;*(!T4+'%?(<-*&(!S=+;*!-#!*-#*N![%<'4<!=#'*+!A*#=',=#5!)4#!Y=5&44<!""Z!<sub>W:*N*;!</sub> H#5-#**+-#5b!6*N(*b!A*&5-*#X!7*('5*$%&'*#0!:-*![%='('I+E*!S%+!7U+!%&&*!2%'-*#'*#!5&*-.$0!:-*! N-''&*+*!:%=*+!;*(!-#'+%4<*+%'-)*#!T4+'%?(<-*&(!?*'+=5!9F`RF!@-#='*#0!:%(!T4+'%?(<-*&!*#;*'*! )4+!;*N!H#;*!;*+!J%+E4(*!W;*7-#-*+'!%&(!H#;*!;*+!2+4<474&,=7=$+X0!

@9H7W:*/)*),&1"270)'7A$&,)"&)"

D&&*!2%'-*#'*#!S=+;*#!+4='-#*NIn-5!)4N!P'%'-4#(<*+(4#%&!7U+!;-*!m<*+%'-4#!)4+?*+*-'*'0!:-*! N*;-E%N*#'k(*!2+IN*;-E%'-4#!?*-#$%&'*'*!%N!c4+%?*#;!;*+!m<*+%'-4#!?-( !99!s$+!Rb8M/!N5! V&=#-'+%,*<%N!WY4$3<#4&Z_{b!_477N%##![%!Y4.$*!DLb!L+*#,%.$!T$3&*#b!:*='(.$&%#;Xb!5570!%=7!} T=#(.$0!DN!6%5!;*+!m<*+%'-4#!S=+;*!.%0!CR!@-#='*#!)4+!A*5-##!;*+!J%+E4(**-#&*-'=#5!%=7!;*+! P'%'-4# ! @-;%,4&%N(-+=< ! WRb/ ! N5xE5 ! GL ! <*+ ! 4(X ! )*+%?+*-.$'0 ! :-* ! <+I4<*+%'-)* ! L%?* ! )4#!

9/ ())*+,-%.'Y0'Z$*&3*$+'=Q#'()&3*$+',$#'[<#5+*&5$% X2'0$VMW[U VP$D0&))& WP$(&))&' YP$B)600 _P$J*&K&) \P$L-&*-& ZP$F2))& aP$('6KK& bP$B.<1#& cP$=21)&+ V[P$D6)02 VVP$C*&+#0 VWP$(6''&+ VYP$S&K&) V_PD56++& V\P$B'6"<1 VZP$A9)6"0 VaP$4K%6<1 VbP$;6'#<1 VcP$J'6-*, W[PPPPPYadPP YbP$N"<,&' YcP$E*9&'$ _[P$J)6"K& F&*1&+-2)3&$%&#$X2'06K#5*&)#$X2'0$VMW[U !_[$96)$X2'0$V$OD0&))&Q$$&+0#5'*<10$&*+&9$X2'0%"'<1)6"-$Oe$b[$#&<PQ !_[$96)$$X2'0$W$O(&))&'Q$dddddddddddddP$$$Oe$b[$#&<Q !_[$96)$$X2'0$Y$OB)600Q$ !f&g&*)#$_[$96)$X2'0$_h$\h$Zh$ahdVch$W[$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$C6"&' *+#3&#690U$WaU[a$9*+ F&*1&+-2)3&$%&#$X2'06K#5*&)#$X2'0$YMWWU !_[$96)$X2'0$Y$OB)600Q$$&+0#5'*<10$&*+&9$X2'0%"'<1)6"-$Oe$b[$#&<PQ !_[$96)$$X2'0$_$OJ*&K&)Q$dddddddddddddPOe$b[$#&<Q !_[$96)$$X2'0$\$OL-&*-&Q$ !f&g&*)#$_[$96)$X2'0$Zh$ah$bhd WVh$WW$$$$$$$$$$$ C6"&'$*+#3&#690U$WaU[a$9*+ F&*1&+-2)3&$%&#$X2'06K#5*&)#$X2'0$\MW_U !_[$96)$X2'0$\$OL-&*-&Q$$&+0#5'*<10$&*+&9$X2'0%"'<1)6"-$Oe$b[$#&<PQ !_[$96)$$X2'0$Z$OF2))&Q$dddddddddddddP$$$$Oe$b[$#&<Q !_[$96)$$X2'0$a$O('6KK&Q$ !f&g&*)#$_[$96)$X2'0$ah$bh$chdWYh$W_$$$$$$$$ C6"&'$*+#3&#690U$WaU[a$9*+ A$&9 ?*9767X A$&97 ?*97@7X A$&9 ?*97HX X2'0$VMW[U VP$D0&))& WP$(&))&' YP$B)600 _P$J*&K&) \P$L-&*-& ZP$F2))& aP$('6KK& bP$B.<1#& cP$=21)&+ V[P$D6)02 VVP$C*&+#0 VWP$(6''&+ VYP$S&K&) V_PD56++& V\P$B'6"<1 VZP$A9)6"0 VaP$4K%6<1 VbP$;6'#<1 VcP$J'6-*, W[PPPPPYadPP YbP$N"<,&' YcP$E*9&'$ _[P$J)6"K& F&*1&+-2)3&$%&#$X2'06K#5*&)#$X2'0$VMW[U !_[$96)$X2'0$V$OD0&))&Q$$&+0#5'*<10$&*+&9$X2'0%"'<1)6"-$Oe$b[$#&<PQ !_[$96)$$X2'0$W$O(&))&'Q$dddddddddddddP$$$Oe$b[$#&<Q !_[$96)$$X2'0$Y$OB)600Q$ !f&g&*)#$_[$96)$X2'0$_h$\h$Zh$ahdVch$W[$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$C6"&' *+#3&#690U$WaU[a$9*+ F&*1&+-2)3&$%&#$X2'06K#5*&)#$X2'0$YMWWU !_[$96)$X2'0$Y$OB)600Q$$&+0#5'*<10$&*+&9$X2'0%"'<1)6"-$Oe$b[$#&<PQ !_[$96)$$X2'0$_$OJ*&K&)Q$dddddddddddddPOe$b[$#&<Q !_[$96)$$X2'0$\$OL-&*-&Q$ !f&g&*)#$_[$96)$X2'0$Zh$ah$bhd WVh$WW$$$$$$$$$$$ C6"&'$*+#3&#690U$WaU[a$9*+ F&*1&+-2)3&$%&#$X2'06K#5*&)#$X2'0$\MW_U !_[$96)$X2'0$\$OL-&*-&Q$$&+0#5'*<10$&*+&9$X2'0%"'<1)6"-$Oe$b[$#&<PQ !_[$96)$$X2'0$Z$OF2))&Q$dddddddddddddP$$$$Oe$b[$#&<Q !_[$96)$$X2'0$a$O('6KK&Q$ !f&g&*)#$_[$96)$X2'0$ah$bh$chdWYh$W_$$$$$$$$ C6"&'$*+#3&#690U$WaU[a$9*+ A$&9 ?*9767X A$&97 ?*97@7X A$&9 ?*97HX

9!@*'$4;-E

@-;%,4&%N ! W:4+N-.=NZ_{b ! Y%'-4<$%+N ! LN?_b ! s&Nb}! _{:*='(.$&%#;X ! 4;*+ ! %#;*+*# ! ,=(I',&-.$!}

(*;-*+*#;*#! @*;-E%N*#'*# !-N !H-#&*-'=#5(+%=N ! 7U$+'*! ,=N !(474+'-5*#!P'=;-*#%=((.$&=((! ;*(! 2%'-*#'*#0 ! :-* ! :%'*# ! ;*( ! 2%'-*#'*# ! WH'-E*''*# ! )4N ! 2%'-*#'*#?45*#b ! Gk+<*+5*S-.$'b ! D&'*+b! Gk+<*+5+kn*X ! S=+;*# ! U?*+'+%5*#0 ! :=+.$ ! d-*$*# ! *-#*( ! )*+(.$&4((*#*# ! sN(.$&%5*( ! -N! c4+?*+*-'=#5(+%=N!S=+;*!;*+!2%'-*#'!+%#;4N-(-*+'!;*+!P'=;-*#M!4;*+!G4#'+4&&5+=<<*!,=5*4+;#*'! d=+!c*+%?+*-.$=#5!)4#!@*;-E%N*#'*#!=#;!"#7=(-4#(&k(=#5*#!S=+;*!*-#*!c*#*#)*+S*-&E%#U&*! WA:!c*#7&4#Z!_2+4X!5*&*5'0

@9I7!"&*$:;)*$&,()7N)''1"270)*7?$*4:')&,)J)

sN!;-*!J%+E4(*'-*7*!;*+!2%'-*#'*#!,=!?*('-NN*#!S=+;*#!;*+!Q*+*?+%&!P'%'*M@4#-'4+Z_!W:%#N*'*+! DxPb ! m;*#(*b ! :GX ! =#; ! ;*+ ! A"PM@4#-'4+Z_{! WD! 9RRRb ! c*+(-4# ! }2b !D(<*.' ! @*;-.%& ! P3('*N(b!} J4+S44;b ! @Db ! sPDX ! %#5*S*#;*'0 !:-* ! ?*-;*# ! J%+E4(*#'-*7*#N4#-'4+* ! ?%(-*+*# ! %=7! <+4,*((-*+'*#!HHLM:%'*#0!:-*!:%'*#*+7%((=#5!?*5%##!#%.$!;*+!"N<*;%#,'*('=#5!7U+!;*#!QP@! W/MC!E~X!=#;!7U+!;*#!A"PM@4#-'4+!Wi!8!E~X!)4+!A*5-##!;*+!H-#&*-'=#5(<$%(*0!"N!m<*+%'-4#((%%&! S=+;*# ! ;-* ! 2%'-*#'*# ! %# ! ;-* ! 4<*+%'-)*# ! r?*+S%.$=#5(*-#$*-'*# ! %#5*(.$&4((*#` ! HGLb! 2=&(4a3N*'+-* ! =#; ! J-.$'M-#)%(-)* ! A&=';+=.EN*((=#5 ! WJ"A:X0 ! :-* ! A"PMH&*E'+4;*#! Wq=%'+4! H&*E'+4;*b ! D(<*.' ! @*;-.%& ! P3('*N(b ! J4+S44;b ! @Db ! sPDX !S=+;*# ! N-' ! ;*N ! A"PM@4#-'4+! )*+E#U<7'0

9!D&%+-(!D(*#%!QQ!P<+-',*#<=N<*#Z_{!WQ%+?%N*;b$A*+#b!P.$S*-,X!S=+;*#!N-'!v*!*-#*+!2+4<474&M!}

=#;!Y*N-7*#'%#-&MP<+-',* !?*('U.E'0 !:-* !H-#('*&&=#5!;*+ !2=N<* !*+74&5'*!-#;-)-;=*&&!7U+!v*;*#! 2%'-*#'*# ! N-' ! D#5%?* ! ;*( ! 2%'-*#'*#5*S-.$'( ! 7U+ ! 2+4<474& ! -# ! B ! M ! K ! N5•E5GLM/_{! $}M/_{! =#;!}

Y*N-7*#'%#-&!-#!R0/!M!R0C€5•E5GLM/_!N-#M/_{0!r?*+!;*#!:%'*aMm$N*;%M@4#-'4+}Z !_{WLH!_*%&'$.%+*b!}

_*&(-#E-b!V-##&%#;X!S=+;*#!;-*!7U+!;*#!D#I('$*(-('*#!S-.$'-5*#!G+*-(&%=7<%+%N*'*+!N-'!HGLb! <=&(4a3N*'+-(.$*+!P%=*+('477(I''-5=#5b!_*+,7+*]=*#,!=#;!A&=';+=.E!%#5*,*-5'0!:-*!A"PMD#,*-5*! S=+;*!%=7!;*N!@4#-'4+!%=(5*(.$%&'*'!=#;!S%+!(4N-'!#=+!7U+!;*#!s#'*+(=.$*+!(-.$'?%+!U?*+!;%(! DN-&4Z_{MJ4'*?44E!WV=v-'(=!P-*N*#(!Q4N<='*+!LN?_b!@U#.$*#b!:*='(.$&%#;X0!c4+!A*5-##!;*+!} @*((=#5!7%#;!*-#*!*+#*='*!"N<*;%#,'*('=#5!('%''0!J%.$!S-*;*+$4&'*+!G4#'+4&&*!;*+!H&*E'+4;*#! =#;!;*+!G%?*&)*+?-#;=#5*#!?*5%##!;-*!@*((=#50!"N!"#'*+)%&&!)4#!8!P*E=#;*#!S=+;*!;*+!A"P! %=75*,*-.$#*'0 ! P4?%&; ! (4S4$& ! A"P ! %&( ! %=.$ ! QP"MT*+'* ! ,*-'5&*-.$ ! U?*+ ! ;*+ ! %;I]=%'*#! J%+E4(*'-*7* ! Wj ! BRX ! &%5*#b ! S=+;*# ! ;-* ! D#I('$*(-('*# ! -# ! ?*-;*# ! L+=<<*# ! (474+' ! ;%+U?*+! -#74+N-*+'0