Supplementary Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the KNHANES 2008-2009 and 2016-2017 participants
2008-2009 2016-2017
Female Male
P (Female vs. Male
2008-2009)
Female Male
P (Female vs. Male
2016-2017)
P (Female 2008-2009
vs. 2016-2017)
P (Male 2008-2009 vs.
2016-2017)
Age (years) 63.3 (60.9-61.8) 61.3 (62.9-63.8) <0.001 63.5 (63.1-63.9) 61.9 (61.5-62.3) <0.001 0.631 0.102
Height (cm) 153.1 (152.8-153.4) 166.7 (166.4-167.1) <0.001 154.4 (154.2-154.7) 167.8 (167.5-168.1) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Weight (kg) 56.7 (56.3-57.1) 66.3 (65.8-66.9) <0.001 57.7 (57.4-58.1) 68.2 (67.8-68.7) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2) 24.2 (24.0-24.3) 23.8 (23.6-24.0) 0.001 24.2 (24.1-24.3) 24.2 (24.1-24.3) 0.991 0.831 <0.001
Household income (%) <0.001 <0.001 0.037 0.007
Lowest 34.1 (31.5-36.7) 25.6 (23.2-28.1) 30.2 (27.9-32.5) 21.3 (19.3-23.5)
Lower intermediate 25.7 (23.7-27.7) 26.1 (23.8-28.5) 24.5 (22.8-26.3) 23.8 (21.9-25.7)
Upper intermediate 20.5 (18.5-22.6) 21.9 (19.7-24.1) 22.3 (20.7-24.0) 24.4 (22.6-26.4)
Highest 19.8 (17.3-22.4) 26.4 (23.7-29.3) 23.0 (20.9-25.4) 30.5 (27.9-33.2)
Education level (%) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Primary 64.7 (62.0-67.3) 35.0 (32.3-37.9) 43.3 (41.0-45.6) 22.0 (20.1-24.0)
Middle 14.2 (12.8-15.7) 20.8 (18.9-22.9) 16.2 (14.7-17.8) 17.3 (15.6-19.3)
High 16.6 (14.8-18.6) 25.8 (23.4-28.4) 27.2 (25.3-29.3) 29.8 (27.7-32.0)
College or more 4.5 (3.4-6.0) 18.3 (15.7-21.2) 13.3 (11.5-15.3) 30.9 (28.2-33.8)
Residential area (%) 0.599 0.827 0.013 0.017
City 71.9 (66.7-76.6) 71.4 (65.7-76.4) 79.9 (75.6-83.7) 79.7 (75.0-83.8)
Rural area 28.1 (23.4-33.3) 28.6 (23.6-34.3) 20.1 (16.3-24.4) 20.3 (16.1-25.0)
Current smoking (%) 5.0 (4.1-6.0) 36.1 (33.7-38.5) <0.001 4.0 (3.2-5.0) 30.0 (27.7-32.3) <0.001 0.147 <0.001
Alcohol (≥ 6 units a day) (%) 1.1 (0.8-1.6) 11.8 (10.3-13.6) <0.001 1.6 (1.1-2.3) 13.5 (11.9-15.3) <0.001 0.201 0.182
Taking medical screening (%) 56.9 (54.7-59.1) 62.3 (59.6-65.0) 0.001 69.3 (67.4-71.1) 71.0 (69.0-72.9) 0.004 <0.001 <0.001
Regular exercise (%) 24.1 (22.0-26.3) 28.2 (25.8-30.8) 0.003 36.9 (34.9-39.0) 42.3 (39.9-44.7) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Private medical insurance (%) 50.0 (47.4-52.6) 54.6 (52.0-57.1) 0.002 81.7 (80.5-83.0) 82.2 (80.9-83.5) 0.244 <0.001 <0.001