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Data Acquisition at the Front-End of the Mu3e Pixel Detector

Ann-Kathrin Perrevoort on behalf of the Mu3e Collaboration

Physikalisches Institut, Heidelberg

DPG Spring Meeting, Hamburg, February 29, 2016

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Expectation from lepton mixing:

BRµeee ∼ (∆mm22ν

W )2 <1054

Observation of µ →eee is a clear sign for New Physics

SUSY, extra heavy vector bosons (Z), . . .

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The Mu3e Experiment

Mu3e: Search forµ →eee down to BR<1016 (90%CL)

High muon stopping rates ∼ 2⋅109muons/s

Background from SM decayµ → eeeννand accidental combinations

Excellent momentum and vertex resolution

Precise timing

Momentum of decay electrons: ∼ 15 − 53 MeV/c

Low material budget to reduce scattering

A. Perrevoort (PI HD) Pixel Detector Front-End at Mu3e DPG 2016 2 / 11

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Thinned Si pixel sensors +Scintillating fibres and tiles

Target Inner pixel layers

Scintillating fibres

Outer pixel layers Recurl pixel layers

Scintillator tiles

μ Beam

Currently: In 2018:

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DAQ Concept

Triggerless data acquisition Front-end board(this talk)

Decode and merge data of15(36)sensors

Time-sorting

Switching board(T22.5)

Switch between front-end and filterfarm

Merge data of sub-detectors GPU filterfarm(T42.5, T42.6)

Fast track finding and online reconstruction

Reduce data rate by a factor1000

1056 Pixel Sensors

up to 36 1.25 Gbit/s links

FPGA FPGA FPGA

...

Switching Boards

Data Collection

Server

Mass Storage Gbit Ethernet

Switching boards 34 FPGAs

1 6 Gbit/s link each

12 10 Gbit/s links per Switching Board 2 Inputs each

GPU PC

GPU PC

GPU 12 PCs PC

Front-end boards

Switching boards

Filterfarm

A. Perrevoort (PI HD) Pixel Detector Front-End at Mu3e DPG 2016 4 / 11

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Sensor (T72.1 - 72.3)

Integrated signal processing

Amplification and signal shaping

Hit detection

Internal state machine

Column-wise readout time structure is ‘lost’

8b/10b encoded data:

hit: time stamp, pixel address or counter

LVDS link at up to 1.25 Gbit/s Up to 30 Mhits/s can be read out

P-substrate N-well

Particle E field

I. Peri´c, NIM A 582 (2007)

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MuPix7 Prototype

High Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (T72.1 - 72.3)

Integrated signal processing

Amplification and signal shaping

Hit detection

Internal state machine

Column-wise readout time structure is ‘lost’

8b/10b encoded data:

hit: time stamp, pixel address or counter

LVDS link at up to 1.25 Gbit/s Up to 30 Mhits/s can be read out

Expected8 Mhits/s on busiest sensor at 108µ/s

Pixel Matrix

Periphery

A. Perrevoort (PI HD) Pixel Detector Front-End at Mu3e DPG 2016 5 / 11

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Sensor (T72.1 - 72.3)

Integrated signal processing

Amplification and signal shaping

Hit detection

Internal state machine

Column-wise readout time structure is ‘lost’

8b/10b encoded data:

hit: time stamp, pixel address or counter

LVDS link at up to 1.25 Gbit/s Up to 30 Mhits/s can be read out

Pixel Matrix

Periphery

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MuPix7 Prototype

High Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (T72.1 - 72.3)

Integrated signal processing

Amplification and signal shaping

Hit detection

Internal state machine

Column-wise readout time structure is ‘lost’

8b/10b encoded data:

hit: time stamp, pixel address or counter

LVDS link at up to 1.25 Gbit/s Up to 30 Mhits/s can be read out

Expected8 Mhits/s on busiest sensor at 108µ/s

Pixel Matrix

Periphery

A. Perrevoort (PI HD) Pixel Detector Front-End at Mu3e DPG 2016 5 / 11

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Sensor (T72.1 - 72.3)

Integrated signal processing

Amplification and signal shaping

Hit detection

Internal state machine

Column-wise readout time structure is ‘lost’

8b/10b encoded data:

hit: time stamp, pixel address or counter

LVDS link at up to 1.25 Gbit/s Up to 30 Mhits/s can be read out

Pixel Matrix

Periphery

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MuPix7 Prototype

High Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (T72.1 - 72.3)

Integrated signal processing

Amplification and signal shaping

Hit detection

Internal state machine

Column-wise readout time structure is ‘lost’

8b/10b encoded data:

hit: time stamp, pixel address or counter

LVDS link at up to 1.25 Gbit/s Up to 30 Mhits/s can be read out

Expected8 Mhits/s on busiest sensor at 108µ/s

Pixel Matrix

Periphery

A. Perrevoort (PI HD) Pixel Detector Front-End at Mu3e DPG 2016 5 / 11

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Sensor (T72.1 - 72.3)

Integrated signal processing

Amplification and signal shaping

Hit detection

Internal state machine

Column-wise readout time structure is ‘lost’

8b/10b encoded data:

hit: time stamp, pixel address or counter

LVDS link at up to 1.25 Gbit/s Up to 30 Mhits/s can be read out

Pixel Matrix

Periphery

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MuPix7 Prototype

High Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (T72.1 - 72.3)

Integrated signal processing

Amplification and signal shaping

Hit detection

Internal state machine

Column-wise readout time structure is ‘lost’

8b/10b encoded data:

hit: time stamp, pixel address or counter

LVDS link at up to 1.25 Gbit/s Up to 30 Mhits/s can be read out

Expected8 Mhits/s on busiest sensor at 108µ/s

Pixel Matrix

Periphery

A. Perrevoort (PI HD) Pixel Detector Front-End at Mu3e DPG 2016 5 / 11

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Sensor (T72.1 - 72.3)

Integrated signal processing

Amplification and signal shaping

Hit detection

Internal state machine

Column-wise readout time structure is ‘lost’

8b/10b encoded data:

hit: time stamp, pixel address or counter

LVDS link at up to 1.25 Gbit/s Up to 30 Mhits/s can be read out

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Front-End for the MuPix Telescope

MuPix telescope (T99.5)

Tests of new prototypes and system integration

4 planes of MuPix7

Readout via Altera Stratix IV development boards

Test beam at DESY, PSI, SPS, MAMI in 2015

A. Perrevoort (PI HD) Pixel Detector Front-End at Mu3e DPG 2016 6 / 11

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Receive data via LVDS at 1.25 Gbit/s

Align to word boundary using K-words

8b/10b decoding

“Unpacker”

Disentangle hit and counter data

Remove K-words Hit sorter

Merge data from 4 sensors to one datastream

Sort hit data by time stamp PCIe

MuPix MuPix MuPix MuPix

LVDS LVDS LVDS LVDS

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Front-End for the MuPix Telescope

Sort hits by time stamp on FPGA

Dual-port RAM (74 kbit)

Continuously write and read

Address: 8b time stamp + 4b counter

Divide memory in 8 blocks

Simultaneous read & write on the same block forbidden

Possible difficulties

Read/write conflict: ∼µs ‘old’ hits Overflow: >15 hits per TS

A. Perrevoort (PI HD) Pixel Detector Front-End at Mu3e DPG 2016 8 / 11

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Sort hits by time stamp on FPGA

Dual-port RAM (74 kbit)

Continuously write and read

Address: 8b time stamp + 4b counter

Divide memory in 8 blocks

Simultaneous read & write on the same block forbidden

Possible difficulties

Read/write conflict: ∼µs ‘old’ hits Overflow: >15 hits per TS

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Front-End for the MuPix Telescope

Sort hits by time stamp on FPGA

Dual-port RAM (74 kbit)

Continuously write and read

Address: 8b time stamp + 4b counter

Divide memory in 8 blocks

Simultaneous read & write on the same block forbidden

Possible difficulties

Read/write conflict: ∼µs ‘old’ hits Overflow: >15 hits per TS

A. Perrevoort (PI HD) Pixel Detector Front-End at Mu3e DPG 2016 8 / 11

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Sort hits by time stamp on FPGA

Dual-port RAM (74 kbit)

Continuously write and read

Address: 8b time stamp + 4b counter

Divide memory in 8 blocks

Simultaneous read & write on the same block forbidden

Possible difficulties

Read/write conflict: ∼µs ‘old’ hits Overflow: >15 hits per TS

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Front-End for the MuPix Telescope

Sort hits by time stamp on FPGA

Dual-port RAM (74 kbit)

Continuously write and read

Address: 8b time stamp + 4b counter

Divide memory in 8 blocks

Simultaneous read & write on the same block forbidden

Possible difficulties

Read/write conflict: ∼µs ‘old’ hits Overflow: >15 hits per TS

A. Perrevoort (PI HD) Pixel Detector Front-End at Mu3e DPG 2016 8 / 11

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Sort hits by time stamp on FPGA

Dual-port RAM (74 kbit)

Continuously write and read

Address: 8b time stamp + 4b counter

Divide memory in 8 blocks

Simultaneous read & write on the same block forbidden

Possible difficulties

Read/write conflict: ∼µs ‘old’ hits Overflow: >15 hits per TS

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Front-End for the MuPix Telescope

Successfully tested MuPix readout via fast serial link

Hit sorting has proven suitability in lab and at test beam

Data loss≲1‰ due to delta electrons

No overflow observed

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

column

row

Hit Rate per Sensor [kHz]

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Eciency

0.9988 0.999 0.9992 0.9994 0.9996 0.9998 1

Eciency of Hit Sorter MuPix Telescope

PSI Testbeam Oct'15

A. Perrevoort (PI HD) Pixel Detector Front-End at Mu3e DPG 2016 9 / 11

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the Test Beam Facility at DESY Hamburg (Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association (HGF).

We would like to thank PSI for providing high rate test beams under excellent conditions.

We owe our SPS test beam time to the SPS team and our LHCb colleagues, especially Heinrich, Kazu and Martin.

We thank the Institut f¨ur Kernphysik at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz for giving us the opportunity to take data at the

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Summary

Mu3e Search for LFV decayµ eee with a sensitivity of BR<1016 (90%CL) MuPix7 Thinned active pixel sensor (HV-MAPS)

Fast serial data transmission

DAQ First implementation of front-end firmware successfully tested in MuPix telescope Continuous data sorting by time stamp on FPGA working

Outlook Adapt to next MuPix prototype Scale up to read out15 sensors

to PC

PCIe

MuPix MuPix MuPix MuPix

LVDS LVDS LVDS LVDS

Further talks on Mu3e/MuPix: Mu3e Experiment:

MuPix:

MuPix Telescope:

T22.5, T42.5-7, T43.3, T75.7, T98.1 & 5 T72.1-3

T99.5

A. Perrevoort (PI HD) Pixel Detector Front-End at Mu3e DPG 2016 11 / 11

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MuPix7 Thinned active pixel sensor (HV-MAPS) Fast serial data transmission

DAQ First implementation of front-end firmware successfully tested in MuPix telescope Continuous data sorting by time stamp on FPGA working

Outlook Adapt to next MuPix prototype Scale up to read out15 sensors

to PC

PCIe

MuPix MuPix MuPix MuPix

LVDS LVDS LVDS LVDS

Further talks on Mu3e/MuPix:

Mu3e Experiment: T22.5, T42.5-7, T43.3, T75.7, T98.1 & 5

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