Previous Age

(1)

a b c

d

e

f g h i

j k l m

n

o p q Notes

Appendix 1. Miocene bioevent calibrations per ODP/DSDP Hole, arranged according to region. Regional ages are a reﬂection of the individual site/hole range, using the most reliable calibrations (see chapter "Materials and Methods - Sources of Error"). Ages in bold are considered most reliable. Ages of global sequences of Hardenbol et al. (1998) are according tot he updates in Ogg and Lugowski (2008). Depths in bold are the actual sampling level of the bioevent (contra

overlying/underlying samples). For calculation details of updated ages see Appendix 3.

Fossil Group: PF = Planktonic Foraminifer; CN = Calcareous nannofossil; BO = Bolboform alga; DC = Dinoﬂagellate Cyst or Acritarch; MD = Marine Diatom; RA = Radiolarian

Event type: LO = Last uphole Occurrence; FO = First uphole Occurrence

C-Subchrons = Cande & Kent (1995); Lourens et al. (2004); Nannoplankton Zones: CN = Okada & Bukry (1980); NN = Martini (1971); Planktonic foraminiferal Zones: N of Blow (1969)

Warm water PF inﬂux of N. dutertrei (and Globorotalia menardii) marks deglaciation and glacio-eustatic sealevel rise 5.548-5.445 Ma, Atlantic Morocco (Hilgen et al. 2007 and references therein) End of Messinian glaciation with deglaciation period from TG12 (5.548 Ma) to TG9

(5.445 Ma) in Hilgen et al. 2007. Bracketed by two calcareous 'biogenic bloom' peaks at Site 982 (Diester-Haass et al. 2005)

Corresponds to the Globorotalia margaritae acme identiﬁed in Atlantic Morocco during peak glacials TG20 and TG22, 5.75 and 5.79 Ma (Hilgen et al. 2007 and references therein) Messinian glaciation 6.3-5.5 with peak glacials TG20 and TG22 in C3r, with astronomical ages of 5.75 and 5.79 Ma (Site 982 in Hilgen et al. 2007)

Section interval based on their published range charts

Increase in N. pachyderma (s) suggests a decrease in sea-surface temp. to minimum at 6.2 Ma. Extensive dissolution possibly due to increased AABW. Glaciation preceeding MSC. Sinistral- dextral pulse cyclicity with periodicity of ~ 125 kya (Turco et al., 2001).

Possibly connected to Late Miocene global deltaC13 shift, Arthur et al. (1989). This coiling change is a marker for the Mio./ Plio. boundary in temperate zonation of Poore (1979). Top of "lower"

N. atlantica (d) Zone of Spiegler and Jansen (1989).

Possibly corresponds to "Tor2" sequence boundary of Hardenbol et al. 1998 (9.22 Ma) and/or Miller event Mi-7.

Believed to be a good marker for the Miocene/Pliocene boundary (see Manum et al. 1989) The rare spot occurrence at 326.49mbsf (347.08 mcd) is here assumed to be contamination

The juxtaposition of the LO P. mayeri with the FO N. acostaensis has been observed at a number of North Atlantic sites, suggesting a widespread hiatus or diachrony (Ogg and Lugowski 2008).

May correspond to the Tor1 maximum transgression of the early Tortonian immediately following the Ser4/Tor1 global sequence boundary of Hardenbol et al. 1998 (= 10.51-11.8) Top of a warm water asemblage in Spezzaferri (1998)

Hardground + benthic foram. faunal change = strengthening of bottom currents and initiation of NADW (Wei and Paleo-Alampay 1997)

(2)

r s t u v w x y z æ ø å ab ac

Old published age

New calculated age (range) Key to understanding layout:

Hole name

shallow bracketing age model point interpolated bioevent deep bracketing age model point Reworked according to Williams and Manum (1999)

Synonymy with Diatom sp. 4 of King (1983) according to Mitlehner (1995)

Steininger et al. (1997) claims an 'approximate' LO at 34 m, however, Zevenboom (1996) ﬁnds it throughout the section.

FO Ectosphaeridium burdigalensis may be delayed in the North Sea (Dybkjaer and Rasmussen 2007).

The genus Homotryblium is known to be largely environmentally controlled (Dybkjær 2004) De Verteuil and Norris (1996) believe this record to be reworked.

?Coincident with Mi6 glaciation of Miller et al. (1991) and Ser4/Tor1 global sequence boundary of Hardenbol et al. (1998) = 11.8 (Ogg and Lugowski, 2008) The two rare spot occurrences of Globorotalia praescitula higher in the core are probably reworked.

Condensed section

Misprint in Munsterman and Brinkhuis (2004) where C5r was written as C5Cr.

Incorrectly labelled depth in Flower (1999)

FO Ectosphaeropsis burdigalensis may be delayed in the North Sea (Dykjaer and Rasmussen 2007)

In agreement with Louwye (2005) and based on the overlap of standard zones identiﬁed in this member, the bolboformid zonal designation to the B. metzmacheri Zone by Spiegler (2001) is rejected.

De Verteuil and Norris (1996) believed all Upper Miocene occurrences to be reworked.

(3)

Codea Low lat. Reference Note

Region Age Age by Hole Age Range ±

Previous Age

Updated Age Range (This

study)

Calibration basis Depth Sed.

Rate Updat ed Age

Ave.

Age (orbitally tuned) Mid to high-latitude

North Atlantic

35°- 50° N

subtropical - temperate High-latitude

Northern North Atlantic

50°- 63° N

temperate - subpolar Nordic Seas &

North Sea

63°-

70° subpolar

Arctic 70°-

80° N polar

Ma Ma Ma Ma Ma

“=” interpreted equivalece (not observed directly)

mbsf / (mcd) m/myr Ma Ma

+ Lourens et al. (2004)

See page 1

C3n.4n/C3r 84.11-84.40 5.235 Bleil 1989

5.3 5.32 0.00 DC 5.32 C3r 85.51-85.75 5.32 Mudie 1989

C3r/C3An.1n 97.11-97.41 6.033 Bleil 1989

C3n.1n/C3n.1r 59.37-59.75 4.300 Bleil 1989

5.79 1.14 4.65-6.93 "=C3r" 60.95-71.77 5.79 Mudie 1989

C4r.1n/C4r.2r 77.66-78.06 8.300 Bleil 1989

C2An.1n/C2An.1r 92.29-94.39 3.032

Clement and Robinson

1989

?6.0 (3.74) 0.40 BO ~ 3.6 (Reworked?)

3.35-4.12

C2An.2r (Mammoth) to C2An.3n (Gauss);

NN16/NN17

98.40-114.68 18.78 3.74 Spiegler and Mueller 1992 linear

interpol ation, ATNTS-

2004 magnet

o- chronol

ogy

FO = ﬁrst occurrence; LO = last occurrence

LO common Bolboforma intermedia

Bioevent or Hiatus^b High-latitude

Region

Age Range spread from ave. by

ODP/DSDP report from

GTS- 1985/’95

ATNTS-2004 in Lourens et al. 2004

Hole 608 (Kings Trough) by ODP/DSDP

Hole, from interpolation via

ATNTS2004

Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau)

LO Hystrichosphaeropsis pontiana

Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau) (A,B,C etc.

Holes indicated by letter preﬁx)

Ave.

SR

Ave. or total range

(Magneto- subchrons, Standard Zone, MIS, or bioevent in

ATNTS2004)

(4)

C3Ar/C3Bn 170.09-

170.86 7.140

1989 NN11/NN12 (LO

Discoaster quinqueramus)

104.76- 172.00

5.58 (S.Atl)

5.95- 8.53 - 5.95-8.53 N17 and NN11 172.00-

173.16 12.98 7.24

N16/N17;

?NN10/11

173.16- 181.50

8.58 (S.Atl);

8.29(S.

Atl)

CN10c/CN11a (as LO Amaurolithus primus); orbitally tuned isotope

record

138.65;

(188.830)

4.50 (E.E.Pa

ciﬁc);

5.878

Shipboard Scientiﬁc Party

1996; Hodell et al. 2001

5.9 5.89 0.00 BO 5.6 5.41; 5.89 MIS TG30 in

Hilgen et al. 2007

171.74 (189.53)

36.53;

44.29 5.41;

5.89 Spiegler 1999

LO Coccolithus miopelagicus;

orbitally tuned isotope record

376.85;

(189.760)

11.02 (S.Atl);

5.899

NN15/NN16 78.03-109.19 3.70 (S.Atl)

5.63 0.40 5.6 5.26-6.00 CN9/CN10 (=

NN11/NN12)

167.02-

211.28 50.69 5.63 FO G. margaritae 213.50-

215.00

6.08 (S.Atl)

NN15/NN16 50.98-57.38 3.70 (S.

Atl)

5.38 0.04 5.6 5.34-5.42 NN12 102.60-

107.26 30.20 5.38 Spiegler and

Müller 1992 Hole 404 (Bay of Biscay)

Hole 982B (Rockall Plateau)

LO common Bolboforma intermedia

Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau)

Hole 408 (West Reykjanes Ridge)

(5)

NN11/NN12 107.26- 114.66

5.58 (S.

Atl)

LO Discoaster quinqueramus

123.40- 128.40

5.58 (S.

Atl)

(10.29) 0.36

(Subtop?) 9.93- 10.65

NN9/10 in Backman (1984)

(9.53)

153.66-

163.66 6.95 10.29 LO

Paragloborotalia mayeri

168.50- 173.50

12.07 (E.

Med)

C2r.1r/C2r.1n 146.8 (for

whole Site) 2.128 Fukuma (1998)

5.4 5.38 0.00 PF d 5.37-5.38 "=NN12" 485.38 104.18 5.38

Spezzaferri and Spiegler

1998

d CN9/CN10 (as LO

506.04- 506.85

5.58

(S.Atl) Wei (1998)

NN12/NN13 (as FO Ceratolithus

rugosus)

431.30- 432.80

5.12 (S.Atl)

5.5 5.49 0.02 DC ~5.3 5.47-5.51 lower NN12 480.28-

480.37 130.7 5.49

Head et al.

1989a; Knüttel et al. 1989 NN11b/NN12 489.87-

497.10

5.59 (S.Atl)

C3n.4n/C3r

712; 566 (subtracted debris ﬂows)

5.235 Channell et al.

1999

5.6 5.61 0.00 DC 5.61; (8.94) C3r 728.47 5.61;

(8.94)

Channell et al.

1999 C3r/C3An.1n

747; 601 (subtracted debris ﬂows)

6.033 Channell et al.

1999 Hole 552A (Rockall Plateau)

Hole 918D (Irminger Basin)

FO Neogloboquadrina dutertrei

LO Cristadinium diminutivum

Hole 646B (Labrador Sea)

Hole 987E (Greenland Sea)

(6)

LAD D.

quinqueramus

123.40-

128.40 5.59 Bleil 1989

5.6 5.59 0.00 MD 5.34 ~5.6 CN9/CN10;

NN11/NN12 124.7 - ~ 5.6 Boden 1992 e

LAD D.

quinqueramus

123.40-

128.40 5.59 Bleil 1989

C3n.4n/C3r 84.11-84.40 5.235 Bleil 1989

5.5 5.51 0.01 MD 5.00 5.50-5.52 C3r (Gilbert) 88.7 16.30 5.51 Boden 1992

C3r/C3An.1n 97.11-97.41 6.033 Bleil 1989

C3n.3r/C3n.4n 208.58-

213.08 4.997

C3n.4n/C3r 222.94-

224.31 5.235

5.7 5.50- 5.65 - PF 5.58-5.71 (extrapolated)

5.50-5.65 (= C3r) 239-244 5.58

6.08 (S. Atl.)

C2r.2r/C2An.1n 165.00 2.581

5.8 (3.45) 0.04 PF (reworked?)

3.31; 3.41-3.48 215.63 69.49;

58.65 3.31;

3.45 6.08 (S. Atl.)

i) CN10/CN11 (as LO Amaurolithus primus); ii) FO

Globorotalia puncticulata

i) 297.60- 299.10; ii)

272.79- 282.29

i) 4.5; ii) 4.5

orbitally tuned

isotope record (254.350) 7.364 Hodell et al.

2001

(7.48) 0.00

(Contamination

?) 7.48

236.69

(257.28) 7.48

6.08 (S. Atl.) Flower 1999

orbitally tuned

2001 Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau)

FO abundant Thalassiosira spp. (Acme of T.

praeoestrupii, T. tetraoestrupii, T. baldauﬁ with greater than 1 hundred thousand valves per gram dry sediment)

FO abundant Thalassiosira spp. (Acme of T.

praeoestrupii, T. tetraoestrupii, T. baldauﬁ with greater than 4 million valves per gram dry sediment)

Hole 552A (Rockall Plateau)

Hole 607 (Central North Atlantic)

FO Globorotalia margaritae

Hole 981A (Feni Drift)

FO Globorotalia margaritae

(7)

(9.58) 1.00

(Contamination

?) 8.58-10.57

mid-N16 Zone of Blow 1969

213.50- 215.00

ave. = 9.575

6.08 (S. Atl.)

C3An.2n/C3Ar; B:

C3r/C3An.1n

337.46- 339.18;

B329.69- 331.22

6.733;

B:

6.033

5.78-6.37 - 5.50-5.68 B: 5.78-6.37;

6.95-7.31

342-351;

B326-336

20.63;

B:

14.41 6.08;

B: 7.13

6.08 (S. Atl.) f

C3Ar/C3Bn

345.93- 347.50;

B345.87- 346.94

7.140

C2r.1n/C2r.2r 72.18-73.68 2.148 C2r.2r/C2An.1n 110.58-

112.08 2.581

6.08 (S. Atl.)

?4.76; 5.36 0.05; 0.08 5.28-5.44 (extrapolated)

4.72-4.81 300-310 4.76

C2Ar/C3n.1n 70.50 4.187 Channell et al.

(1999)

5.7-5.9 5.91 0.09 MD 5.6 5.82-6.00 C3r (Gilbert) 87.3-89.2 10.29 5.91 Koc and

Scherer (1996) g

C3r/C3An.1n 89.50 6.033 Channell et al.

(1999)

C3n.4n/C3r 84.11-84.40 5.235 Bleil 1989

5.74 0.01

5.2 (as ﬁrst common occurrence)

5.73-5.75 C3r (Gilbert) 92.50 16.30 5.74 Boden 1992 g

C3r/C3An.1n 97.11-97.41 6.033 Bleil 1989

Hole 982B (Rockall Plateau) FO Thalassiosira jacksonii

Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) Hole 609; 609B (Northeast North Atlantic)

Hole 611 (Gardar Drift)

Hole 907A (Iceland Sea)

(8)

record

138.65;

(197.750)

4.50 (E.E.Pa

ciﬁc);

6.079

top: 6.11

(= near NN11/NN12;

CN9/CN10)

179.73- 181.23 (198.39- 199.89)

36.53;

46.40 5.64;

6.11 Spiegler 1999 g

(TOP) 6.11 0.02

LO Coccolthus miopelagicus;

376.85;

(201.230)

11.02 (S.Atl);

6.154

(BASE) 6.32 0.02

record

138.65;

(209.260)

4.50 (E.E.Pa

ciﬁc);

6.276

base: 6.32

(near NN11c/NN11d;

CN9c/CN9d)

190.69- 192.19 (210.29- 211.79)

36.53;

46.40 5.94;

6.32 Spiegler 1999 g

LO Coccolithus miopelagicus;

376.85;

(211.830)

11.02 (S.Atl);

6.343

C3An.1r/C3An.2n 93.30 6.436 Channell et al.

(1999)

6.6 6.63 0.08 MD 6.19-6.34 6.55-6.70 C3An.2n 94.5-96.1 10.44 6.63 Koc and

Scherer (1996)

C3An.2n/C3Ar 96.40 6.733 Channell et al.

(1999)

C3r.2r/C3n.3n 79.41-80.11 4.799 Bleil 1989

6.1-6.3

Hole 907A (Iceland Sea)

Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) FO Thalassiosira oestrupii

BO

Upper Miocene Acme smooth Bolboforma

cysts Hole 982B (Rockall Plateau)

(9)

5.06 0.03 5.35 5.03-5.09 C3n.4n (upper

Thvera) 82.73 11.47 5.06 Boden 1992

C3n.4n/C3r 84.41-85.11 5.235 Bleil 1989

6.6 HIATUS

C2An.3n/C2Ar 109.31-

109.99 3.596

1989

10.9 (4.5) 0.50 BO

(Reworked?) 4.01-5.00

116.36-

134.12 17.16 4.50 Spiegler and

Mueller 1992 C3Ar/C3Bn 170.09-

170.86 7.140

1989

orbitally tuned

isotope record (284.460) 8.901

10.88 0.00 10.88 near NN7/NN8 369.59

(390.18) 10.88 Spiegler 1999

LO Coccolithus miopelagicus

376.85 (397.44)

11.02 (S.Atl)

1996

9.56 0.02 9.53-9.58

i) Middle to lower N16 Zone of Blow 1969; ii) upper NN9

of Martini 1971

309.48- 312.79

i) ave.

= 9.575;

ii) 9.53- 10.55

ii) Spiegler 1999; i) Loughton et

al. 1975

LO Discoaster

tamalis 44.22-44.92 2.80

(S.Atl)

Backman 1984

?6.7 (3.43) 0.20 BO (Reworked?)

3.25-3.60

near NN15/NN16

(3.7) 54.15-65.50 23.76 3.43 Murray 1984

LO Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica

63.90-68.00 3.70 (S.Atl)

Backman 1984 Hole 982B (Rockall Plateau)

Disappearance Bolboforma clodiusi

Hole 555 (Rockall Plateau) Upper Miocene Hiatus

(calcite near-barren interval)

Hole 608 (Kings Trough)

Disappearance Bolboforma clodiusi

6.6-7.6 Ma enhanced dissolution connected to “Late Miocene global deltaC13 shift” at Site 982 (Diester-Haass et al. 2005). Base is possibly coincident with

(10)

NN18/NN19 (as LO Discoaster

brouweri)

18.81-20.31 1.93 (S.Atl)

Backman 1984

(3.79) 1.10

(Reworked?) 2.73-4.85

near NN11/NN12 (5.59)

(Subtop)

23.28 2.63 3.79 Murray 1984

NN11/NN12 (as LO Discoaster quinqueramus)

24.40-33.90 5.58 (S.Atl)

Backman 1984

53.50-56.05 5.58 (S.Atl)

Backman 1984

6.65 0.14 6.59-6.71

?near CN9a/CN9b (= mid-NN11)

(5.35)

62.95-72.11 10.73 6.65 Murray 1984

FO common D.

surculus (as FO D.

surculus)*

76.00-85.50

7.79 (Berggr

en et al.

1995)

Backman 1984

C3n.2n/C3n.2r

171.28- 172.78

4.631

1986

6.5 (4.6) - PF

LO Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea) group

(Reworked?)

~4.6

(as LO Globorotalia conomiozea)

171.80-

173.30 ~4.6

6.52 (E. Med)

Weaver and Clement 1986

h

- - -

C3An.1r/C3An.2n

345.93- 347.50; B:

345.87- 346.94

6.436

1986

6.5 0.15 6.45-6.50

= C3An.2n (as LO Globorotalia conoidea and LO

Globorotalia conomiozea)

347.80- 349.30; B:

348.10- 349.60

~6.5

6.52 (E. Med)

Weaver and Clement 1986 h

- - -

Hole 606A (Central North Atlantic)

Hole 609, 609B (Northeast North Atlantic)

Hole 610A (Feni Drift) Hole 554; 554A (Rockall Plateau)

(11)

C3n.1r/C3n.2n

190.28- 192.38

4.493

1986

6.8-7.2 (4.6) 0.00 PF (Reworked?)

4.60

C3n.2n (as LO Globorotalia conomiozea)

194.40-

195.90 4.60

6.52 (E. Med)

h

C3n.2n/C3n.2r

195.38- 196.88

4.631

1986

C3An.2n/C3Ar

339.44- 340.53

6.733

1986

6.77 0.00 6.77

C3Ar (as LO Globorotalia conomiozea)

341.80-

343.30 74.0 6.77

6.52 (E. Med)

h

C3Ar/C3Bn

369.01- 371.20

7.140

1986 orbitally tuned

2001

7.30 0.00 7.30 (as LO Globorotalia

conomiozea)

226.91

(251.10) 54.76 7.30

6.52 (E. Med) Flower 1999

orbitally tuned

2001

7.15 0.00 7.15; 7.47

i) as LO Globorotalia conoidea; ii) as LO

Globorotalia conomiozea

224.02 (243.47);

235.19 (255.78)

7.15;

7.47

6.52 (E. Med)

Flower 1999

orbitally tuned

2001 Hole 982A (Rockall Plateau)

Hole 982B (Rockall Plateau) Hole 611C (Gardar Drift) LO Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea)

group

(12)

6.94 1.35 5.59-8.29

NN11 (CN9) nannofossil zone and probably N16 planktonic foram.

zone (as LO (consistent) Globorotalia conoidea and LO

(218.00) 259.00-

259.28

ave. = 6.94

6.52 (E. Med)

Poore and Berggren 1975; Perch- Nielsen 1972

C2An.3n/C2Ar 292.85-

292.95 3.596 Clement et al.

1989

7.2 7.19 0.03 DC

LO Cristadinium

cristatoserratum 7.16-7.22 586.60-

588.10 7.19 Head et al.

1989a C4n.1r/C4n.2n 625.24-

1989

LO Discoaster quinqueramus

324.54-

332.20 5.59 Baldauf et al.

1986 C3An.1r/C3An.2n 345.93-

347.50 6.436

1986

i

?7.4 7.36-9.27 - i) 6.15-6.75;

ii) 6.5-6.6

(extrapolated) i) 7.36-9.27; ii)

8.38-9.06

i) N. atlantica d-s;

ii) Increase N.

pachyderma (s)

i) 369.31- 398.73; ii)

395.00

i) 8.31 ; ii) 8.72

i) Weaver and Clement 1986;

ii) Hooper and Weaver 1986

C3Br.1n/C3Br.2r 281.68-

281.96 7.285

1989

7.5 7.40 0.04 PF 6.58-6.82 7.35-7.44 C3Br.2r 289-299 7.40 Weaver and

Clement 1986

C3Br.2r/C3Br.2n 299.38-

300.66 7.454

1989 Neogloboquadrina atlantica dex➔sin coiling

change (= Disappearance Neogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral); FO Neogloboquadrina atlantica (sinistral)); Increase in N.

pachyderma (s) and decrease in N.

pachyderma (d)

Hole 611C (Gardar Drift) Hole 610E (Feni Drift) Hole 609 (Northeast North Atlantic)

PF

Neogloboquadrina atlantica dex➔sin coiling change (= Disappearance Neogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral); FO Neogloboquadrina atlantica (sinistral)); Inﬂux Orbulina universa

Hole 646B (Labrador Sea)

(13)

C3Br.1n/C3Br.2r 382.93-

384.35 7.285

1989 C3Br.2n/C3Br.3r 384.35-

385.42 7.489

1989

(8.64) 0.80 6.84-7.24 (extrapolated)

7.84-9.44

386.80-

395.63 8.64 Weaver and

Clement 1986

orbitally tuned

2001

7.51 0.03 7.10-7.12 7.48-7.54

236.69 (257.28)- 238.19 (258.78)

7.51 Flower 1999

orbitally tuned

2001

strontium 87Sr/86Sr ratio:

0.708992

505.39 6.02

Israelson and Spezzaferri

1998 + McArthur et al.

2001

5.8 0.20

(Delayed?) 5.6- 6.0

near CN9/CN10 nannofossil

boundary

505.38 5.8 Spezzaferri

1998 CN9/CN10 as LO

D. quinqueramus

506.04- 506.85

5.58

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

C4r.2r/C4An 680.06-

682.01 8.769 Baldauf et al.

1989 C4An/C4Ar.1r 702.85-

1989

(9.55) 0.10 8.75-8.9 (Extrapolated)

9.48-9.62 739.28 9.55 Aksu and

Kaminski 1989 j

C3An.2n/C3Ar 113.11-

113.52 6.733 Bleil 1989

Hole 646B (Labrador Sea) Hole 918D (Irminger Basin)

(14)

7.4-7.9 6.70-7.87 - PF

6.0-6.2 age assumption in Spiegler and Jansen

1989

6.70-7.87

(both events are separated by a barren interval, therefore coiling

change datum level may be dissolved away)

112.76 (s)-

124.85 (d) 7.28 Spiegler and

Jansen 1989

C5AAn/C5AAr 176.93-

177.91 13.183 Bleil 1989

C3An.1r/C3An.2n 106.41-

107.11 6.436 Bleil 1989

6.77-7.37 -

6.0-6.2 age assumption in Spiegler and Jansen

1989

6.77-7.37

(both events separated by a barren interval, therefore coiling

change datum level may be dissolved away)

112.15 (s)-

123.04 (d) 7.07 Spiegler and

Jansen 1989

C3Bn/C3Br.1r 119.61-

120.41 7.212 Bleil 1989

C2An.3n/C2Ar 121.68-

123.18 3.596

1986

?4.6 (4.11) 0.00 PF (Above base?)

4.11 C2Ar 148.00-

Clement 1986 h C2Ar/C3n.1n 151.97-

153.47 4.187

1986

C2An.3n/C2Ar 144.38-

145.88 3.596

1986

(4.16) 0.01

(Above base?)

4.15-4.17 C2Ar 173.70-

Clement 1986 h C2Ar/C3n.1n 174.68-

177.41 4.187

1986 FO Globorotalia cf. crassula

Hole 609 (Northeast North Atlantic) Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) Neogloboquadrina atlantica dex➔sin coiling

change (= Disappearance Neogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral); FO Neogloboquadrina atlantica (sinistral)); Inﬂux Orbulina universa;

Increase in Globigerina bulloides

(15)

C3n.1r/C3n.2n 264.60-

265.99 4.493

1986

(4.56) 0.00

(Above base?)

4.56 C3n.2n 268.00-

Clement 1986 h C3n.2n/C3n.2r 271.97-

273.47 4.631

1986

C3n.2r/C3n.3n 196.88-

198.38 4.799

1986

7.6 (> 4.8) - PF (Above base?) >

4.8

199.58- 199.81 (base

hole!)

> 4.8 Weaver and Clement 1986

h

- - -

C2An.2n/C2An.2r 155.28-

157.41 3.207

1986

(3.59) 0.01

(Above base?) 3.58-3.61

176.80-

Clement 1986 h C3n.1r/C3n.2n 224.56-

225.76 4.493

2001

7.59 0.00 7.59 239.69

(260.28) 7.59 Flower 1999

orbitally tuned

2001

C3r/C3An.1n 330.91-

333.08 6.033

C3An.2n/C3Ar 345.93-

347.50 6.733

FO Globorotalia cf. crassula

Hole 982B (Rockall Plateau) Hole 611C (Gardar Drift)

Hole 610A (Feni Drift)

Hole 609 (Northeast North Atlantic)

(16)

?8.0 (7.98) 0.02 PF

FO Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea) group

(extrapolated) 7.95-8.00

(as FO G.

conomiozea)

372.10-

373.60 7.98

7.89 (E. Med.)

h

C4n.1n/C4n.1r 300.66-

302.16 7.642

7.7 7.66 0.00 PF 7.66 C4n.1r (as FO G.

conomiozea)

304.40-

305.90 7.66

7.89 (E. Med.)

h C4n.1r/C4n.2n 312.04-

312.63 7.695

C3Br.1n/C3Br.2r 374.12-

375.65 7.285

7.34 0.01 7.33-7.36 C3Br.2r (as FO G.

conomiozea)

377.19-

377.49 7.34

7.89 (E. Med.)

h C3Br.2r/C3Br.2n 381.41-

382.93 7.454

orbitally tuned

2001

7.69 0.00 7.69 (as FO G.

conomiozea)

242.95

(263.54) 7.69

7.89 (E. Med.) Flower 1999

orbitally tuned

2001

(~10.6) - (Contamination

?) 8.58-10.57

?lower N16 of Blow 1969 (as FO

(consistent) Globorotalia conoidea and FO

266.78-

268.28 ~ 10.6

7.89 (E. Med.)

Poore and Berggren

1975;

Loughton et al.

1975 Hole 610E (Feni Drift)

Hole 611C (Gardar Drift) FO Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea)

group

Mazzapiedi Section (NW Italy) Hole 982B (Rockall Plateau)

(17)

7.7; 9 ~9 - DC ~ 9 lower C4An ? 8.769- 9.098

Zevenboom 1995 (according to

Munsterman and Brinkhuis

2004)

NN11a/NN11b subzonal boundary of Martini 1971 (as FO Amaurolithus

spp. with FO A.

delicatus)

477.86 7.42 Gartner and

Shyu 1996

7.66 0.00 7.65-7.66

may be approximately equivalent to top

C4n (7.528) according to Verteuil and Norris

1996

489.85-

490.26 7.66

de Verteuil and Norris 1996;

de Verteuil 1996

LO Minylitha

convalis 542.59 8.68 Gartner and

Shyu 1996 approximately at

NN10/NN11 as FO Discoaster quinqueramus

109.64-

133.29 8.11

Backman 1984;

Berggren et al.

1995

9.7 9.70 0.40 DC 9.29-10.10

(148.43) 157.50-

158.17

9.70 Edwards 1984

NN6/NN7 as LO Cyclicargolithus abisectus (C.

ﬂoridanus group)

235.30- 243.00

13.33 (S.Atl)

Backman 1984

(592.20) 719.20-

720.70

Head et al.

1989b LO Labyrinthodinium truncatum

LO Labyrinthodinium truncatum

Hole 905A (U.S. East Coast Atlantic)

Hole 645E (Bafﬁn Bay)

(18)

C3An.2n/C3Ar 113.11-

113.52 6.733 Bleil 1989

7.7; 9.9 10.68 0.45 DC 10.23-11.13 147.68-

157.40 10.68 Mudie 1989

C5AAn/C5AAr 176.93-

177.91 13.183 Bleil 1989

C4An/C4Ar.1r 90.56-91.06 9.098 Bleil 1989

9.90 0.76 9.14-10.65 90.82-100.70 9.90 Manum et al.

1989 C5AAn/C5AAr 116.06-

116.36 13.183 Bleil 1989

7.72 -

~ 7.4 according to Munsterman

and Brinkhuis

2004

? 7.72

Within the "Tor3 Sequence" of Munsterman and Brinkhuis 2004. (?

possibly coincides with the Tor 2 maximum ﬂooding

surface of Hardenbol et al.

1998)

Breda Formation

7.72 (Tor 2

mfs accordi

ng to Ogg and Lugow

ski 2008)

Munsterman and Brinkhuis 2004; Ogg and Lugowski

2008

uppermost Hodde Formation

29.0 m below

surface Piasecki 1980

spp. with FO A.

delicatus)

Shyu 1996 Onshore Netherlands boreholes (Southern

North Sea) LO Labyrinthodinium truncatum

Gram borehole, Gram (Onshore Denmark, North Sea Basin)

Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau)

(19)

7.7 7.66 0.00 DC LO

Hystrichosphaerop sis obscura

7.65-7.66

C4n (7.528) according to Verteuil and Norris (1996) (Same level

as LO L.

truncatum)

489.85-

490.26 7.66

de Verteuil 1996

LO Minylitha

convalis 542.59

8.68 (Louren

s et al.

2004)

Gartner and Shyu 1996

24.40-33.90 5.58 (S.Atl)

Backman 1984

7.1-7.6 7.31 0.24 DC 7.07-7.56 NN11 (72.02) 91.00-

92.45 7.31 Edwards 1984

approximately at NN10/NN11 as FO

Discoaster quinqueramus

109.64-

133.29 8.11

Backman 1984;

Berggren et al.

1995

C3n.3n/C3n.3r 81.66-82.01 4.896 Bleil 1989

(5.10) 0.08 DC Reworked? 5.01-

5.18

(65.00) 82.50-

84.00 5.10 Manum et al.

1989 l

C3n.4n/C3r 84.11-84.40 5.235 Bleil 1989

C4r.1n/C4r.2r 77.66-78.06 8.300 Bleil 1989

8.9 8.85 0.28 8.56-9.13 81.71-90.82 8.85 Mudie 1989

C4Ar.1r/C4Ar.1n 93.26-93.66 9.312 Bleil 1989

LO Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura LO Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura

Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau)

Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau)

(20)

spp. with FO A.

delicatus)

Shyu 1996

7.7 7.66 0.00 DC 7.65-7.66

C4n (7.528) according to Verteuil and Norris (1996) (Same level

as LO L.

truncatum)

489.85-

490.26 7.66

de Verteuil 1996

LO Minylitha

Shyu 1996

orbitally tuned

2001

7.9 7.91 0.05 PF 7.86-7.96

247.69 (268.28)- 249.48 (270.07)

7.91 Flower 1999

orbitally tuned

2001

orbitally tuned

2001

8.4 8.42 0.00 PF 8.42 256.47

(277.06) 8.42 Flower 1999

orbitally tuned

2001 LO Spiniferites pseudofurcatus

Metochia Section, Gavdos Island (Mediterranean)

Hole 982B (Rockall Plateau) Hole 982B (Rockall Plateau)

LO (?Disappearance) Globorotalia juanai;

Disappearance Globorotalia scitula; Inﬂux Globorotalia conoidea; FO frequent Globigerinita glutinata

Base acme dominant Globigerina bulloides;

Inﬂux Sphaeroidinellopsis kochi; Inﬂux Globigerina eamesi

(21)

9.6 7.82 0.1 BO ~ 7.8

At a level just above the FO regular/common Sphaeroidinellopsis

seminulina and below the LO regular/ common

S. seminulina

~ 75 from base of section

> 7.72 and <

7.92

Antonarakou and Drinia 2007 + Hilgen

et al. 1995

LO Discoaster hamatus; LO D.

quinqueramus

i) 203.12- 206.47; ii)

154.48- 156.50

i) 9.69 (S.Atl);

ii) 5.58 (S.Atl)

9.23; 9.6 0.07; 0.00

9.16-9.30; 9.68- 9.82

lower NN11 or

?NN10 206.31 9.75;

9.23

Spieglerand Müller (1992) FO Discoaster

hamatus

223.69- 225.66

10.55 (S.Atl)

BO

orbitally tuned

2001

8.8 8.77 0.00 8.77 262.09

(282.68) 8.77 Spiegler 1999

orbitally tuned

2001

5.6-8.3 - 5.6-8.3 ?lower NN11 266.05-

309.48

5.59- 8.29 in Louren s et al.

2004

Spieglerand Müller (1992)

LO Discoaster hamatus

203.12- 206.47

9.69 (S.Atl)

Baldauf et al.

1986 FO Bolboforma intermedia

FO Bolboforma intermedia

(22)

9.5 9.5; 9.76 0.00; 0.06 BO 9.5; 9.70-9.81

i) re-calibrated isotope record; ii) Equivalent to LO

Discoaster hamatus (as LO common B. laevis to LO (consistent) B. metzmacheri

and FO B.

intermedia)

206.09- 206.77

i) 9.5; ii) 9.76

Spiegler and Mueller 1992 +

This study h

FO Discoaster hamatus

223.69- 225.66

10.55 (S.Atl)

Baldauf et al.

1986

8.8-9.1 BO 5.6-8.3

NN11 (As LO (consistent) B.

metzmacheri;

Decrease B. laevis)

134.27

5.59- 8.29 in Louren s et al.

2004

24.40-33.90 5.58 (S.Atl)

Backman 1984

(5.94) 0.12

(Reworked?)

5.82-6.06 NN11 40.63-43.50 5.94

approximately NN9- 10/NN11 (as FO

109.64-

133.29 8.11

Backman 1984, Berggren et al.

1995

C2An.3n/C2Ar 56.60 3.596

10.23 0.01 10.21-10.24 NN9 - NN10 (8.29-

10.55)

158.45-

163.66 10.23

Backman 1984, Murray

1986

NN7-8/NN9-10 163.66- 168.65

10.55 (S.Atl) orbitally tuned

2001 LO (consistent) Bolboforma metzmacheri;

Decrease Bolbofoma laevis

LO (consistent) Bolboforma metzmacheri;

(23)

8.77 0.00 7.7 8.77 262.09

(282.68) 8.77 Spiegler (1999

orbitally tuned

2001

~9.5 - 9.53-10.55 ?upper NN9 266.05-

309.48 ~ 9.5

strontium isotope ratio: 0.708970;

0.708955

516.93

6.48;

6.99 (ave. =

6.735)

2001

8.99 0.05 8.94-9.03

CN9-CN7 (As LO (consistent) Bolboforma metzmacheri + LO

Bolbofoma laevis)

551.40-

552.90 8.99 Spiegler and

Mueller 1992

strontium isotope ratio: 0.708903;

0.708927

552.36

9.52;

8.48 (ave. = 9.00)

2001

C4An/C4Ar.1r 702.85-

708.39 9.098

~9.1 - ~ 9.1 (As spot

occurrence only)

703.50-

704.03 ~9.1 Pallant and

Kaminski 1989

- - -

8.7 BO C3An.2n/C3Ar 113.11-

113.52 6.733 Bleil 1989

(8.10) 0.05

(Underlies barren interval - sub-top?) 8.06-

8.15

126.2-127.7 8.10 Qvale and

Spiegler 1989

C5AAn/C5AAr 176.93-

177.91 13.183 Bleil 1989

C3Bn/C3Br.1r 119.61-

120.41 7.212 Bleil 1989

Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) Hole 646B (Labrador Sea)

Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) LO (consistent) Bolboforma metzmacheri;

(24)

(7.75) 0.05

(Underlies barren interval - sub-top?) 7.71-

7.80

As isolated

occurrence only 124.5-126.2 7.75 Qvale and

Spiegler 1989

C5AAn/C5AAr 178.61-

179.41 13.183 Bleil 1989

i) C4n.1r/C4n.2n; ii) C4r.1n/C4r.2r

i) 70.73- 71.13; ii) 77.66-78.06

i) 7.695;

ii) 8.300

Bleil 1989

8.70 0.02

(Underlies barren interval - sub-top?) 7.79- 7.82; 8.68-8.71

i) As LO B.

metzmacheri; ii) C4r.2r (As LO (consistent) B.

metzmacheri)

i) 72.2; ii) ~82 i) 7.81;

ii) 8.69

Qvale and Spiegler 1989

i) C4r.1n/C4r.2r; ii) C4r.2r/C4An

i) 77.66- 78.06; ii) 82.66-83.06

i) 8.300;

ii) 8.769

Bleil 1989

8.9 8.93 0.15 DC

~ 8.7 according to Munsterman

and Brinkhuis

2004

8.8-9.1 C4An ?

8.769- 9.098 (ave. =

8.93)

Zevenboom 1995 (according to

Munsterman and Brinkhuis

2004)

(19.5) 0.3 (Subtop) ~19.5

(19.2-19.8)

(i) N5-(?N6); (ii) NN2; (iii) Sr-

isotopes

2.7 m from base section

in Londeix and Jan du Chene 1998

(i)(17.5 4)17.9- 21.12;

(ii)18.2 8- 22.82;

(iii)19.2- 19.8

(i) Poignant and Pujol

1978; (ii) Mueller and Pujol 1979; (iii) Cahuzac et al.

1997 Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau)

NW Italy

Pont-Pourquey Outcrop, Burdigalian type area (France)

Hole 400A (Bay of Biscay) LO Palaeocystodinium golzowense

(25)

(342.16) 350.00-

351.50

Harland 1979

spp. with FO A.

delicatus)

Shyu 1996

LO Minylitha

Shyu 1996

8.92 0.00

(Extrapolated) 8.92

near calcareous nannofossil zonal

boundary NN10/NN11 (8.29)

of Martini 1971

554.91 8.92

de Verteuil 1996;

1994d NN11/NN12 (as LO

24.40-33.90 5.58 (S.Atl)

Backman 1984

7.7 7.74 0.28 DC

LO

Palaeocystodinium golzowense

7.46-8.02 106.50-

107.66 7.74 Edwards 1984

109.64-

133.29 8.11

1995

(625.90) 641.00-

641.61

Head et al.

1989b

C4Ar.1n/C4Ar.2r 95.56-95.86 9.409 Bleil 1989

10.2 10.20 0.04 DC

LO

Palaeocystodinium golzowense

9.80-10.61 97.10-100.61 10.20 Manum et al.

1989 Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau)

Hole 645E (Bafﬁn Bay) Hole 905A (U.S. East Coast Atlantic)

(26)

C5ADn/C5ADr 116.06-

116.36 14.581 Bleil 1989

i) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio: 0.708915; ii) CN9/CN10 as LO D. quinqueramus

i) 553.86 ; ii) 506.04-

506.85

i) 9.08;

ii) 5.58 (S.Atl)

i) Wei 1998; ii) Israelson and Spezzaferri

2001

8.9-9.4 9.28-9.39 - HIATUS 9.28-9.39 570.70-

?580.30

i) 9.28- 9.39 ; ii) (8.11-

8.45)

Spezzaferri

1998 k

i) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio: 0.708903; ii)

CN6/CN7

i) 590.94; ii) 633.10-

634.08

i) 9.52;

ii) 10.55 (S.Atl)

Wei 1998

orbitally tuned

2001

8.93- 9.35 - 8.93-9.35 (286)-(308.34) 8.93-

9.35

Flower 1999 + This study LO Coccolithus

miopelagicus (397.44) 11.02

(S.Atl)

1996

orbitally tuned

2001

9.4 9.35 0.00 PF 9.35 287.75

(308.34) 9.35 Flower 1999

LO Coccolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

C3Bn/C3Br.1r 119.61-

120.41 7.212 Bleil 1989

LO consistently common Neogloboquadrina acostaensis and N. atlantica (dextral) (= Top ﬁrst/lowermost acme N. acostaensis)

Hole 982B (Rockall Plateau) Hole 918D (Irminger Basin)

Upper Miocene calcareous hiatus (calcite near-barren interval)

(27)

10.8 10.75 0.04 PF 10.70-10.79 ~155 10.75 Spiegler and Jansen 1989 C5AAn/C5AAr 178.61-

179.41 13.183 Bleil 1989

orbitally tuned

2001

9.5 9.46 0.00 PF 9.46 293.61

(314.20) 9.46

9.69 (S.Atl.)

Flower 1999 m

LO Coccolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

i) CN9/CN10 as LO D. quinqueramus;

ii) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope

ratio: 0.708903

i) 506.04- 506.85; ii)

590.94

i) 5.58 (S.Atl);

ii) 9.52

2001

9.5 9.52 0.00 PF 8.4 8.86-8.90; 9.52 590.93 i) 8.88;

ii) 9.52

Spezzaferri 1998

CN6/CN7 633.10-

634.08

10.55

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

orbitally tuned

2001

9.9 9.86 0.00 PF 9.86 315.15

(335.74) 9.86 Flower 1999

LO Coccolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

203.12- 206.47

9.69 (S.Atl)

Baldauf et al.

1986 Hole 982B (Rockall Plateau)

Disappearance Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (dextral) (= top of 'Miocene N.

pachyderma (d) Acme') FO Neogloboquadrina humerosa

Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) FO (consistent) Globorotalia juanai

LO consistently common Neogloboquadrina acostaensis

(28)

9.7 9.7; 9.97 0.00; 0.06 BO 9.7; 9.91-10.03

i) re-calibrated oxygen isotope chronology (this study); 2) ?upper NN9 (9.53-10.55)

211.27 i) 9.7;

2) 9.97

Spiegler and Mueller 1992

FO Discoaster hamatus

223.69- 225.66

10.55 (S.Atl)

Baldauf et al.

2001

9.8; 10.2 10.17 0.01 BO 10.16-10.19

330.99- 332.49 (351.58- 353.08)

10.17 Spiegler 1999

LO Coccolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

~ 10 ?mid- NN9 314.03-

359.92

9.53- 10.55

in Louren

s et al.

2004

~ 9.5 NN10/NN9 165.19-

171.73

9.53 in Louren s et al.

2004

109.64-

133.29 8.11

1995

8.88 0.43 8.45-9.31 ?mid- NN9 138.50-

140.47 8.88 Spiegler and

Mueller 1992 FO Bolboforma metzmacheri; Increase in

Bolbofoma laevis

FO Bolboforma metzmacheri; Increase in Bolbofoma laevis

(29)

NN6/NN7 (as LO Cyclicargolithus abisectus (C.

ﬂoridanus grp.))

235.30- 243.00

13.33 (S.Atl)

Backman 1989

ii) strontium isotope ratio:

0.708903

i) 506.04- 506.85; ii)

590.94

i) 5.58 (S.Atl);

ii) 9.52

Wei 1998;

2001

9.75 0.02

9.24-9.26; 9.73-

9.76 CN9 - CN7 599.60-

601.10

9.25;

9.75

Spezzaferri 1998

CN6/CN7 633.10-

634.08

10.55

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

C3An.2n/C3Ar 113.11-

113.52 6.733 Bleil 1989

8.9 > 8.10 0.05 BO

(Overlies barren interval = above base?) 8.06-

8.15

126.2-127.7 8.10 Qvale and

Spiegler 1989

C5AAn/C5AAr 176.93-

177.91 13.183 Bleil 1989

C3Bn/C3Br.1r 119.61-

120.41 7.212 Bleil 1989

> 7.75 0.05

(Overlies barren interval = above base?) 7.71-

7.80

124.5-126.2 7.75 Qvale and

Spiegler 1989

C5AAn/C5AAr 178.61-

179.41 13.183 Bleil 1989

C4r.2r/C4An 82.66-83.06 8.769 Bleil 1989

8.91 0.01 8.90-8.92 86.20 8.91 Qvale and

Spiegler 1989

C4An/C4Ar.1r 90.56-91.06 9.098 Bleil 1989

Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau) Hole 918D (Irminger Basin)

Hole 608 (Kings Trough) Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau)

FO Bolboforma metzmacheri; Increase in Bolbofoma laevis

(30)

203.12- 206.47

9.69 (S.Atl)

Baldauf et al.

1986

10.0 10.00 0.03 BO 9.97-10.03 ?upper NN9 211.27-

212.79 10.00 Spiegler and

Mueller 1992 FO Discoaster

hamatus

223.69- 225.66

10.55 (S.Atl)

Baldauf et al.

2001

10.0-10.2 10.17 0.01 BO 10.16-10.19

330.99- 332.49 (351.58- 353.08)

10.17 Spiegler 1999

LO Coccolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

10.04 0.51 9.53-10.55 ?mid- NN9 314.03-

359.92

ave. = 10.04

10.04 0.51 9.53-10.55 NN9 (As spot

occurrence only) 173.68 ave. = 10.04

203.12- 206.47

9.69 (S.Atl)

Baldauf et al.

1986

10.1 10.12 0.06 BO 10.07-10.18 ?mid- NN9 214.87 10.12 Spiegler and

hamatus

223.69- 225.66

10.55 (S.Atl)

Baldauf et al.

2001

10.5 10.49 0.00 10.49 348.79

(369.38) 10.49 Spiegler 1999

LO Coccolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

BO

LO Bolboforma robusta

Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau) LO Bolboforma robusta

Hole 982B (Rockall Plateau) LO Bolboforma capsula

LO Bolboforma capsula

(31)

10.50 - 9.53-10.55

?lower NN9 (As spot occurrence in

Spiegler 1999 restudy)

366.99 ~ 10.5 Spiegler and

Mueller 1992

orbitally tuned

2001

10.5 10.00 0.02 PF 9.46 9.98-10.01

(as both the FO and the consistently common FO of N.

acostaensis)

321.39 (341.98)- 323.03 (343.62)

10.00

9.83 (S.Atl.) - 10.57 (E.Med.)

Flower 1999 n

LO Coccolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

ii) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope

ratios: 0.708878, 0.708870,

0.708894

i) 506.04- 506.85; ii)

621.16- 621.66

i) 5.58 (S.Atl);

ii) 10.24,1

0.50, 9.78 (ave.

10.173)

2001

10.48; 10.77 0.02; 0.01

Above base according to Spezzaferri (1998), true FO absent due to hiatus

10.46-10.50;

10.76-10.78 631.73 10.48;

10.77

9.83 (S.Atl.) - 10.57 (E.Med.)

Spezzaferri 1998 Hole 918D (Irminger Basin)

FO Neogloboquadrina acostaensis;

Reappearance common N. continuosa

(32)

i) CN6/CN7; ii) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope

ratios: 0.708832, 0.708833

i) 633.10- 634.08; ii)

656.14

i) 10.55 (S.Atl);

ii) 12.22,

12.17 (ave.

12.195)

2001

C3An.2n/C3Ar 113.11-

113.52 6.733 Bleil 1989

< 11 <11.42 - PF

<10.2 in Spiegler and Jansen 1989

(11.42-11.50) 160.27 11.46

9.83 (S.Atl.) - 10.57 (E.Med.)

Spiegler and Jansen 1989

C5AAn/C5AAr 176.93-

177.91 13.183 Bleil 1989

C3Bn/C3Br.1r 119.61-

120.41 7.212 Bleil 1989

< 11.01 -

<10.2 in Spiegler and Jansen 1989

(11.01-11.09) 157.96 11.05

9.83 (S.Atl.) - 10.57 (E.Med.)

C5AAn/C5AAr 178.61-

179.41 13.183 Bleil 1989

Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau) FO Neogloboquadrina acostaensis;

Reappearance common N. continuosa

(33)

10.6-11.5 10.6-10.9 HIATUS 10.6-10.9

The absence of standard nannoplankton

zone NN8

10.55-

10.89 Spiegler 1999 o

10.6-11.5

1) Absence of standard planktonic foraminiferal Zone N15 of Blow (1969) or M12 of Berggren et al. (1985,1995)

10.57- 11.47

1) Spezzaferri 1998; 2) Ogg and Lugowski

2008

n

orbitally tuned

2001

> 10.8 > 10.08 - PF 9.46 in

Flower 1999

Hiatus causes artiﬁcially young

interpolation (10.08)

326.49

(347.08) 10.08

11.47 (S. Atl.) ; 12.07 (E. Med.)

Flower 1999;

1) Berggren et al. 1995 + Ogg

and Lugowski 2008; 2) Lourens et al.

2004; 3) Ogg and Lugowski

2008

n

LO Coccolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

CN6/CN7 633.10-

634.08

10.55

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

Middle/Late Miocene hiatus

Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) LO Paragloborotalia mayeri; FO (consistent)

Globigerinita glutinata

(34)

(> 10.79) -

interpolation (10.66-10.79)

(as LO Paragloborotalia

siakensis?)

635.07-

638.20 10.72

11.47 (S. Atl.) ; 12.07 (E. Med.)

Spezzaferri

1998 p

nannofossil LO Sphenolithus heteromorphus

685.77- 685.87

13.53

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

C3An.2n/C3Ar 113.11-

113.52 6.733 Bleil 1989

> 11.3 > 11.33 - PF

LO

Paragloborotalia mayeri

>10.2 in Spiegler and Jansen 1989

(as Neogloboquadrina

mayeri)

158.61 11.29

11.47 (S. Atl.) ; 12.07 (E. Med.)

C5AAn/C5AAr 176.93-

177.91 13.183 Bleil 1989

C3Bn/C3Br.1r 119.61-

120.41 7.212 Bleil 1989

> 10.97 -

>10.2 in Spiegler and Jansen 1989

(as Neogloboquadrina

mayeri)

156.70 10.93

11.47 (S. Atl.) ; 12.07 (E. Med.)

Spiegler and Jansen 1989 Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau)

(35)

C5AAn/C5AAr 178.61-

179.41 13.183 Bleil 1989

orbitally tuned

2001

? 11.5 > 11.19 0.26 PF

(Hiatus causes artiﬁcially young

interpolation) 10.93-11.45

(as FO abundant to dominant N.

pachyderma (d))

372.28 (392.87) -

399.88 (420.47)

11.19 Flower 1999

LO Coccolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

CN9/CN10 as LO D. quinqueramus

506.04- 506.85

5.58

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

10.1-10.6 10.07 0.01 PF

9.6 in Spezzaferri

(1998)

10.06-10.08 "=NN9" 621.15-

621.63 10.07 Spezzaferri

1998

CN6/CN7 633.10-

634.08

10.55

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

orbitally tuned

2001

10.20- 10.59 - 10.20-10.59

353.79 (374.38)- 343.91 (353.91)

10.40 Flower 1999

LO Coccolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

C3An.2n/C3Ar 113.11-

113.52 6.733 Bleil 1989

8.9; 9.8 9.79 0.03 PF 8.90 9.75-9.82 143.66 9.79 Spiegler and

Jansen 1989 C5AAn/C5AAr 176.93-

177.91 13.183 Bleil 1989

FO Neogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral) (=

FO N. atlantica)

FO Neogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral) (=

FO N. atlantica)

Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) FO Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (dextral)

(= base of 'Miocene N. pachyderma (d) Acme'); Inﬂux abundant Streptochilus globigerum

(36)

C3Bn/C3Br.1r 119.61-

120.41 7.212 Bleil 1989

9.07 0.04 8.90 9.03-9.11 138.33 9.07 Spiegler and

179.41 13.183 Bleil 1989

C4r.2r/C4An 82.66-83.06 8.769 Bleil 1989

8.91 0.01 8.90-8.92 C4An 86.20 8.91 Spiegler and

Jansen 1989

C4An/C4Ar.1r 90.56-91.06 9.098 Bleil 1989

203.12- 206.47

9.69 (S.Atl)

Baldauf et al.

1986

10.4 10.40 0.05 BO 10.35-10.45 ?lower NN9 221.30 10.40 Spiegler and

hamatus

223.69- 225.66

10.55 (S.Atl)

Baldauf et al.

2001

10.9 10.86 0.00 BO 10.86 368.09

(388.68) 10.86 Spiegler 1999

LO Coccolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

10.5 - 9.53-10.55 ?lower NN9 366.99-

411.37 ~ 10.5 Spiegler and

Mueller 1992

506.04- 506.85

5.58

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

10.93 0.01 10.91-10.94

near CN6/CN7 boundary (As spot

occurrence only)

631.60-

633.10 10.93

Spezzaferri and Spiegler

1998 LO Coccolithus

miopelagicus

634.08- 635.07

11.02

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) FO Bolboforma capsula

FO Bolboforma capsula

Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) Hole 608 (Kings Trough) Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau)

(37)

506.04- 506.85

5.58

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

10.1 10.07 0.01 PF

9.6 in Spezzaferri

(1998)

10.06-10.08 "=CN7 (NN9) 621.15-

621.63 10.07 Spezzaferri

1998

CN6/CN7 633.10-

634.08

10.55

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

C3An.2n/C3Ar 113.11-

113.52 6.733 Bleil 1989

11.1 11.13 0.04 PF

FO

Neogloboquadrina praehumerosa

11.09-11.17 ?"=C5r.2r" ~157 11.13 Spiegler and

177.91 13.183 Bleil 1989

C3Bn/C3Br.1r 119.61-

120.41 7.212 Bleil 1989

10.93 0.04 10.88-10.97 same level as LO P.

mayeri 156.70 10.93 Spiegler and

179.41 13.183 Bleil 1989

CN6/CN7 633.10-

634.08

10.55

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

11.0 11.03 0.02 PF 11.01-11.05 NN7 641.20-

642.70 11.03 Spezzaferri

1998 h

685.77- 685.87

13.53

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

Influx Globigerinoides trilobus; Influx Sphaeroidinellopsis disjuncta; LO Globorotalia miozea; Influx Globigerinoides quadrilobatus; Influx Globigerinoides immaturus; Influx Dentoglobigerina spp.;

Inﬂux "Globigerina" venezuelana; Inﬂux Globorotalia scitula; Reappearance Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral);

Inﬂux Orbulina universa

FO Neogloboquadrina praehumerosa

Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau)

(38)

LO Coccolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

13.2 13.31 0.12 PF 13.18-13.43

458.37 (478.96)- 467.67 (488.26)

13.31 Flower 1999

LO Sphenolithus

heteromorphus (492.04) 13.53

(S.Atl)

1996

i) nannofossil LO Sphenolithus heteromorphus; ii)

strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope

ratio: 0.708835

i) 685.77- 685.87; ii)

697.07

i) 13.53 (S.Atl);

ii) 12.07

i) Wei 1998; ii) Israelson and

Spezzaferri 1998 + McArthur et al.

2001

14.05; (12.22) 0.02; 0.08 PF i) 14.03-14.08;

ii) (12.13-12.30)

Calcareous nannoplankton

Zone NN5 of Martini (1971)

697.60- 699.10

i) 14.05;

ii) 12.22

Spezzaferri 1998

i) nannofossil FO Sphenolithus heteromorphus; ii)

strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope

ratios: 708757

i) 785.50- 787.00;

726.01

i) 17.71 (S.Atl);

ii) 15.42

i) Wei 1998; ii) Israelson and

Spezzaferri 1998 + McArthur et al.

2001

LO Sphenolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

16.1 16.05 0.00 PF 16.05 528.32

(548.91) 16.05 Flower 1999

FO Sphenolithus

(S.Atl)

Inﬂux Globigerinoides trilobus

Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) LO Globigerinoides trilobus; LO

Globigerinoides quadrilobatus; LO Catapsydrax stainforthi; Inﬂux Dentoglobigerina spp.; Inﬂux Orbulina universa; FO consistently common Globigerina bulloides (= Base acme G.

LO (consistent) Globigerinoides trilobus

(39)

i) C5Br/C5Cn.1n; ii) Rb/Sr isotope ratios: 0.75318 - 0.72531; iii) Sr/Sr isotope ratio:

0.708662

i) 196.12- 196.41; ii)

196.7; iii) 194.9

i) 15.974;

ii) 16.0- 16.7; iii)

16.88- 17.11

i) Bleil 1989; ii) Smalley et al.

1989; iii) Smalley et al.

2001

16.2 16.23; (16.71) 0.01; 0.00 PF

Inﬂux

Globigerinoides trilobus

(Subtop) 16.21- 16.24; 16.71

C5Cn.1n (as spot

occurrence only) 199.11 16.23;

16.71

C5Cn.3n/C5Cr 204.52-

204.83 16.721 Bleil 1989

11.3-13.7 HIATUS

1) As glauconitic hardground,

signiﬁcant biosiliceous decrease and uphole decrease in

tephra; 2) dissolution interval

1) 644; 2) 645.70-

652.40

11.3- 13.7 (stronti

um isotope

87Sr/8 6Sr ratios)

Wei and Paleo- Alampay 1997;

Spezzaferri 1998;

1998

q

163.3-170 12.10

C5AAn/C5AAr 176.93-

177.91 13.183 Bleil 1989

11.2-12.4 (?to base Miocene on Vøring Pl.) 11.81-12.39 HIATUS 11.81-12.39 163.3-170 12.10 Qvale and

Spiegler 1989 Mid/Late Miocene (near-)barren interval

Mid/Late Miocene (near-)barren interval

(40)

C5AAn/C5AAr 176.93-

177.91 13.183 Bleil 1989

C3Bn/C3Br.1r 119.61-

120.41 7.212 Bleil 1989

11.23- 12.23 11.23-12.23 159.3-170 11.73 Qvale and

Spiegler 1989 C5AAn/C5AAr 178.61-

179.41 13.183 Bleil 1989

LO Coccolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

12.7 12.66 - PF 12.24-12.66 NN6

422.72 (443.31)-

438.64 (459.23)

12.45 Flower 1999 r

LO Sphenolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

LO Sphenolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

13.9 13.93 0.06 PF 13.86-13.99 NN5

478.96 (499.55)- 481.89 (502.48)

13.93

Flower 1999;

1) Berggren et al. 1995, according to

Ogg and Lugowski

2008 FO Sphenolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

CN6/CN7 633.10-

634.08

10.55

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

Hole 982B (Rockall Plateau) Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau)

Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) Hole 982B (Rockall Plateau)

Top acme Globigerina praebulloides; "LO"

Praeorbulina glomerosa; "LO" Globoquadrina dehiscens; Inﬂux common Globorotalia miozea; LO Globigerinoides trilobus Acme Neogloboquadrina group (excl. N.

continuosa); LO (consistent) Globorotalia conoidea; Inﬂux common Turborotalita quinqueloba; Paracme Globigerina bulloides;

Disappearance Paragoborotalia mayeri

(41)

? (11.73) 0.09 PF Reworked?

(11.64-11.83)

652.40-

656.26 11.73

13.73 (S. Atl.)

Spezzaferri 1998

685.77- 685.87

13.53

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

LO Sphenolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

13.8 14.24 0.05 PF 14.19-14.29 NN5

486.39 (506.98)- 488.67 (509.26)

14.24

13.73 (S. Atl.)

Flower 1999 s

FO Sphenolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

13.80 - PF (Subtop?) ~

13.5

Approximates NN5/NN6 zonal

boundary of Martini 1971.

Coincident with LO Globorotalia peripheroronda.

(As LO Globorotalia aff. zealandica, LO

Globorotalia praescitula s.s)

(?470) 509.00- 509.20

13.80 (S.Atl)

13.73 (S. Atl.)

Poore and Berggren 1975; Perch- Nielsen 1972

685.77- 685.87

13.53

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) Hole 982B (Rockall Plateau)

LO (consistent) Globorotalia praescitula;

Reappearance Turborotalita quinqueloba; FO common Globigerina bulloides; FO Orbulina universa; FO Globorotalia scitula; FO Globorotalia conoidea

LO Globorotalia praescitula; "LO"

Globoquadrina dehiscens; Inﬂux Globorotalia miozea; Reappearance Turborotalita quinqueloba; Inﬂux Neogloboquadrina continuosa

LO (consistent) Globorotalia ex. gr.

praescitula-zealandica

(42)

14.04 0.08 PF 13.96-14.12 NN5, near N8/N9 696.10-

700.08 14.04

13.73 (S. Atl.)

Spezzaferri 1998

nannofossil FO Sphenolithus heteromorphus

785.50- 787.00

17.71

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

CN6/CN7 633.10-

634.08

10.55

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

?12.3 12.29 0.5 PF 12.27-12.30 NN6 663.50-

664.50 12.29 Spezzaferri

1998 h

685.77- 685.87

13.53

(S.Atl) Wei 1998

LO Sphenolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

14.7 14.65 0.03 PF 14.95 in

Flower 1999 14.61-14.68 NN5

495.89 (516.48)- 497.39 (517.98)

14.65

15.1*

Flower 1999; * (Berggren et

al. 1995, according to

Ogg and Lugowski

2008) FO Sphenolithus

(S.Atl)

1996

LO Sphenolithus

(S.Atl)

FO Globigerina bulloides; FO Orbulina suturalis

LO (consistent) Globorotalia ex. gr.

praescitula-zealandica; "FO" Praeorbulina glomerosa; FO Globorotalia scitula;

Disappearance Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral)

Reappearance (consistent) G. praebulloides (=Top paracme Globigerina praebulloides);

Reappearance G. ex gr. praescitula-zealndica