MDBS Data Base Restructuring System -

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(1)MDBS Data Base Restructuring System - MDBS DBRS. Version. Micro Data P.O... Base. -. MANUAL 3.08. Systems, Inc.. Box 248. Lafayette, Indiana. 47 902. USA. December'. l 9 85. Copyright. Notice. This entire manual is provided for the use of the customer and The entire the customer 's employees. contents have been copyrighted Systems, and Base Inc . , reproduction by any means by Micro Data is prohibited except as permitted in a written agreement with Micro Data Base Systems , Inc . (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data. Base. Systems,. Inc.. 3256300.

(2) NEW. RELEASES,. VERSIONS,. AND. A WARNING. of the magnitude of the MDBS software Realizing this, Micro necessarily continue to evolve over time. Systems, Base Inc., vows to provide its users with updates to nominal a version for handling fee. programming. Any. However, a. will Data this. software will be considered as separate products. fide owners of previous versions are generally entitled preferential rate structure.. versions of. New. to. endeavor. MDBS. bona. the copy of our software is personalized to identify Fiñally, each some There are several levels of this personalization, of licensee. which methods guaranteed be combinatorially involve encryption to have been produced with a very Our decipher. products to difficult and investment substantial of capital labor, to say nothing of the by our the data base management area years of prior involvement in about concerned we principals. any Accordingly, are seriously and and unauthorized copying of our products ali will take any available legal action against illegal copying or distribution of our products. DISCLAIMER. NOTICE. No shall be part of this material All rights reserved. reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any weans, electronic, mechanical. photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without from Micro Data Base Systems, permission written Inc.. Although care has been taken in the preparation of this material, Micro Data Base Systems, Inc. assumes neither responsibility for errors or omissions, nor for damages resulting from the use of the Micro Data Base Systems, information contained herein. Inc. does not warrant its accuracy nor guarantee in the operation of the system every instance described herein. Tlie damages and for. suitable. reader/user assumes full liability and all risk for any from the use of the information contained resulting herein, determining whether the information contained herein is flor user's intended purpose.. Micro Data Base Systems, Inc. reserves the right to incorporate and new functions in its software design improvements products and Recent improvements may not always be reflected software systems. in documentation.. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro. Data. Base Systems,. Inc..

(3) MDBS. DBRS. MDBS. MANUAL TABLE. MANUAL. DBRS. CONTENTS. OF. Page. I.. OVERVIEW. A. B. C.. II.. E. F. G.. A.. E.. 0. 0. 0. 0. O. 0. 0. 0. 0. e. 6. 0. e. e. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. of Data Base Restructuring Organization of This Manual . . . . . . Stages. ALTERATION. . . . . . . . Invoking the DBRS Analyzer. Area Alterations. . . . . . Record Type Alterations . . Set Alterations . . . . . . Path Specifications . . . .. Interactive Fatal Errors .. .. .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. .. . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. Data Value Transformations. Record Relationship Transformations Effect on Screen Dictionary . . . . The Decomposition Process . . . . . Decomposition Diagnostics . . . . .. REGENERATION. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. A.. The Re2eneration. B.. Regeneration Diagnostics.. III-I.. COPYRIGHT. The Three. for Schema. a. Effects. 1985. Process.. .. . . .. . . .. .. . .. Stages of Data Base Data Based Named JOBS.. for the. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. Analyzer Diagnostics. DBRS. Figure II-1. (C). *. Introduction.. Three. Figure I-1. Table. .. DECOMPOSITION. B. C. D.. IV.. .. SCHEMA. A. B. C. D.. III.. .. JOBS. Data. Base. .. . .. . . .. .. . . . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. Data. .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. .. .. .. Restructuring .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. of Type Changes on Data Item Values. Micro. .. Base Systems,. Inc.. .1 .1 .2 .2. ". .5. .6. .7. 11 22 30 32 38. 41 41 43. 44 44 46. 49 49 50. .3 31 42. i.

(4) MDBS. DBRS. MDBS. MANUAL. I. A.. DBRS. MANUAL. OVERVIEW. Introduction. The Data Báse Restructuring System is designed for use with MDBS DBRS, MDBS data bases. system allows the Called this schema of any existing MDBS data base to be interactively altered. Tlie then and data base automatically data dictionary are storagel revised to be consistent with the new schema and to maximize processing efficiencies within the constraints imposed by the schema. DBRS independent of administrator, can also be used by a data base schema alterations, to automatically transform the physical structure that structure of an existing data base into a different physical optimizes space utilization and data access speeds.. utility itself. III. is formally specified with the Data Description information about physical structuring is stated complete in addition information about the data base's logical to This physical structuring information (page sizes and structure. quantities) is specified in the Identification Section and Area much Section. Additionally, of the logical structuring information has physical implications. However, unlike the logical structure, a data base's physical structure is not totally dictated by the schema. The physical structure is continually changing as records (and their and And relationships) are created is strongly influenced deleted. by the order in which creations and deletions happen. Thus, two data bases schemas and can data/relationships with identical identical be degree a such physically that one substantially different, to outperforms the other. When. Language. a. schema. (DDL),. some. it. performed by DBRS is based not only Restructuring on schema data/relationships currently but also on the that alterations, exist These are physically in a data base. reorganized to consolidate free (where space fragmentation, achieve a more concentrated clustering CALCed reduce (where applicable), applicable), record overflows speeds through restructured optimize access indexes, and so forth. DBRS can be used enhance performance Therefore, for a mature data to base as well as to accommodate schema alterations. The. include:. kinds. of. schema. Adding and deleting Changing an area's. etc.). Adding and. deleting. alterations. areas. characteristics. that can be (name,. pages.. Changing. (C). COPYRIGHT. a. page. with. dbrs. size,. file,. record types.. Changing a record type's location method. Adding and deleting data items for a record Changing a data item's characteristics. Adding and named relationships deleting. types.. made. type. (sets). among. record. set's characteristics.. 1985. Micro. Data. Base Systems,. Inc.. i. _.

(5) MDBS. DBRS. B.. Three. MANUAL. - I.. OVERVIEW. MDBS. -. DBRS. MANUAL. of Data Base Restructuring. Stages. DBRS operational convenience, usage is organized into three See Figure stages. stage is one of I-1. The distinct desired schema alterations. This is accomplished by indicating responding to prompts issued by the DBRS Analyzer. This stage should not take place in a multiuser setting. The DBRS Analyzer checks the proposed changes to assure that they do not violate standard schema does not affect the data base. conventions. no errors are detected, this stage results in a file containing a valid revised schema description.*. For. first. If. It. The second base.. systematic decomposition of the carries out a schema any) from revised data the description utilizes (if It a base copy of the data the first stage together with to produce a decomposition file. This file contains all information needed to regenerate thedatabase sothat it is consistent with thenew schema. Certain aspects of physical structuring optimization occur during the The third stage uses the decomposition decomposition stage. file to the base. actually. stage. data. regenerate. After. has been restructured with DBRS, a data base is no MDBS DML commands Appendix (see compatible with the obsolete longer i DMS Manual). A of the MDBS These obsolete commands should not be used in subsequent processing of the data base.. it. III. C.. Organization of This Manual. Detailed discussion of the three stages and how to utilize each Diagnostics pertaining is provided in the three chapters that follow. the a stage described dealing with that in chapter are to particular stage.. When revising a data base that * Screen Master portion of the schema the SDL Analyzer should be. it,. restructuring. 2. is finished. (C). COPYRIGHT. is. used. with. 1985. Master, the re-incorporate third stage of. Screen. is discarded. used after the. To. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc..

(6) MDBS. DBRS. jplüs. OVERVIEW. - I.. MANUAL. MDBS. -. DBRS. MANUAL. I). The data base: JOBS.DB any related areas) Y. Analyzer. DBRS. First. >. (DBRS). Stage. revisi |The. ). schema. description: JOBS.RSD. ^. Y Decomposition. >. Process. >. (DECOMP). Second. Stage. Y The. decomposition DBRS.DCM. file:. I). <. Y Regeneration process (REGEN). > Third Stage. ita I. Tlie. (plus. new. I). base:. JOBS.DB any related. areas). m Figure. (C). COPYRIGHT. I-l.. The Three Stages of bata Base for a Data Base Named JOBS. 1985. Micro. Data. Base Systems,. Inc.. Restructuring. 3.

(7) MDBS. DBRS. MDBS. MANUAL SCHEMA. II.. DBRS. MANUAL. ALTERATION. Analyzer is an interactive program that allows its user analyzes proposed to specify the nature of desired schema changes, a and produces changes containing to ensure their correctness, file changes schema schema are specified" Desired description. the revised by making menu selections and responding to prompts issued by the As each is checked is proposed, alteration Analyzer. for schema conformance conventions (as specified in to standard definition MDBS DDL Manual) the and for consistency with the rest of the schema. a descriptive diagnostic is issued detects an error, If the theAnalyzer be and proposed corrected interactively. alteration can Explanations of interactive diagnostics appear in Section F of this DBRS The incorrect chapter. Analyzer will refuse to accept a schema. alterations to the DBRS Analyzer logs As each correct alteration is specified, This file's name will automatic input" file. on a "selective be the same base but with an SAl name, the default data as to An SAl file can later be used as input to the Analyzer to extension. This the effect of the present schema alteration session. re-create be needs a where temporarily in situations session useful to is By using the SAl as input to the discontinued and later resumed. file the the work is re-created session prior session, in of later all discontinued without automatically requiring re-typing of the As session's alterations. processes an SAl file in this way the DBRS area the pauses Analyzer at appropriate places (after and gives the etc.) after the alterations, record type alterations, chance a user to selectively make further revisions (to the area, This continues up through the last alteration record types, etc.). The DBRS that had been logged into the SAl file. Analyzer then reverts back to its usual interactive behavior, so the user can resume where the prior session had been discontinued. The. DBRS. it. it. it. desired alterations have been specified in a session, Any the Analyzer will make a global check of the alterations. such detects that time an are at errors error has fatal. If The possible occurred, the Analyzer will report on the screen. The DBRS described in Section g of this chapter. fatal errors areneed be such an errorm to Analyzer will re-run in order to correct This can be expedited by using the SAl file and making needed changes to the original alterations at the appropriate pauses. When DBRS. all. it. it. exiting. revised schema description is written automatically the on This to default drive. file file's same be the base name as the data name, but with an RSD will a This file will not be usable extension. fatal error was detected. Upon. from. the. Analyzer,. a. a. if. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro. Data. Base Systems,. Inc.. 5.

(8) MDBS. DBRS. A.. Invoking the The. normally. MANUAL. DBRS. invoked. - II. DBRS. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. MDBS. -. DBRS. MANUAL. Analyzer. Analyzer is supplied as an executable program by entering. and. is. ". DBRS. Tite user the operating system's command line. the DBRS sees and then prompted of sign-on message Andlyzer's to state the name is main data whose schema is to base area of the the file containing the name be altered. The a can be qualified with drive/directory file and have Prompts indicator can an extension. then issued for a are When these have been the supplied, valid user name and password. schema alterations. Analyzer begins asking for on. When. appear. on. DBRS. the. is invoked, any of the following optional arguments can line: where nnnn is the number of bytes to be allocated for the buffer used by the DBRS Analyzer for data base interaction. this argument is not used, If approximately half of free memory is allocated for this buffer.. command. -Bñnnn. -Dfilename. -E. where. filename is the name of the file containing schema the is area of the data base whose being argument appears, altered. the this If base Analyzer for data will not prompt main. identification. only is pertinent When used, -E is. the. argument -I alterations in. to the screen the Analyzer.. are. -F. echoed. if all. is. as. is present. the SAl file. they are processed. by. the argument pertinent only is present. -I SAl file -F is used, alterations in the all are forced through the Analyzer without any pauses that allow additional selective alterations to the. if. When. schema.. -Ifilename. filename is the name of an SAl file that the The Analyzer had produced in a prior session. be indicated in this file will alterations processed automatically by the Analyzer. the If an argument without specified filename, then is -I SAl file having the same name as the data base. where. will -Ofilename. 6. be processed. (if it exists).. filename is an alternative name for the The automatic input selective alterations file. logged to this alternative be will file instead of the default formed from the data base name plus an SAl extension. where. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc..

(9) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. - II.. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. -. where pass is the user password by the Analyzer in attempting base. this argument appears, not prompt for a password.. -ppass. If. -Rfilename. where. -Uusername. where. MDBS. command. b.. will". filename is the name of a file that receive the revised schema description. If this argument does not appear, then the revised schema be saved on a having the description will file RSD same name the data base extension. plus an as usernaine identifies a valid data base the Analyzer this argument appears. prompt for user identification.. optional. arguments. user. will not. first (both the. Area. DBRS. on. the. Alterations. The areas appears:. in any order following. can appear. line.. Area. MANUAL. that is to be used to open the data the Analyzer will. If. These. DBRS. kind of schema alterations that can be made concern Tkíe following main area and any extra areas). menu. Section:. (A) Add new (C) Change (D) Delete (R). area. existing existing. area area. Rename. area (S) Schema display (E) Exit to Record. Section. Selection? When. the user is prompted option other than E is selected, to When supply appropriate kinds of information. processing is completed When for that option, the Area Section menu reappears. all desired have E been made, the alterations to areas option can be selected to proceed to record type alterations. any. l.. Tf opt.ion ask the. area. Area. File Size. iS 8e1ected, a user to indicate a. name? name?. of Pointers. [. These series of prompts appear. the characteristics of the new. ]. area (pages)? [ allowed?. ]. [ ]. Title?. Synonym? Read access codes? Write access codes?. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro. Data. [. ] [. ]. Base Systems,. Inc.. 7.

(10) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. - II.. SCHEMA. prompts. brackets.. a. the user then the. default. MDBS. -. DBRS. MANUAL. enclosed in square key for the (Eñtér) Réturn If such a prompt, default in brackets is used as the response. can directly type in the Alternatively, the user The end of a response desired response to each prompt. is has name Area signaled by pressing the Return key. no default response and must be explicitly entered by the user. Simply pressing Return for Title or Synonym results in no synonym for this area. an invalid response is title or If made the response is ignored and the prompt to a prompt. reappears.. Some. include. ALTERATION. response. presses. a summary of the After all prompts have been answered, area's characteristics is displayed and the Analyzer asks. new. Iyesl. OK?. desires to make a change to the new area's then the response to this question should be: As a result, the user gets an opportunity no or n. to change each of the area characteristics. the user If characteristics,. 2.. Tf nptio.n c is Ae1ecr.ecl,7 the user which area needs to be changed. Aréa user. is. first. asked. to indicate. name?. a ? The can type in the name of an existing area. a of all existing or a non-existent area is specified, is displayed and the user is again prompted to enter ateas name the are of the area whose characteristics to be When a changed. an existing area name has been specified, These ask the user to indicate series of prompts appear.. the. characteristics. new. If. list. of the area.. File name? [ ] Size of area (pages)? page size (bytes)? [ [ Pointers allowed?. [. ]. j ]. ]. [. Title? Synonym?. [. ]. Read access codes? Write access codes?. ]. [ [. ]. is shown in square present nature of each characteristic change is desired, the user merely presses no brackets. If key. An existing title or synonym can be the Return (Enter) by pressing the space bar and then the Return eliminated make To a change key. the user explicitly types in new end of this response is signaled by pressing the value. Tlie key. Return an invalid response is made to a prompt, the If the prompt reappears. response is ignored and. Tlie. After area's. all new. asks. OK? 8. prompts. have been answered,. characteristics. is displayed. a summary and the. of the í'inalyzer. [yesj (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc..

(11) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. - II.. ALTERATION. SCHEMA. -. MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. make a further change to the area's If the user desiresthento the characteristics. response to this question should be: As a result, the user again gets a chance to no or n. change each Entering y or of the area characteristics. key causes the Area Section menu pressing the Return to " reappear. 3.. Tf optjorj T) .is sejected, area is to be deleted. Area. the user. is asked to indicate. which. name?. The user can type in the name of an existing area. Pressing the Return key without specifying a name returns the user to a ? the Area Section menu and no deletion occurs. or a a non-existent area is specified, of all existing areas is displayed and the user is again prompted to enter the When name of the area to be deleted. an existing area name has been supplied, is irrevocably deleted from the schema and the Area Section menu reappears.. list. If. it. 4.. Tf. wtiQñ is ¶le1ect.ed,, the user existing area is to be renamed. f?. Old. is asked to indicate. which. name?. The user can type in the name of an existing area. pressing the Return key without specifying a name returns the user to ? a the Area Section menu and no renaming occurs. or non-existent area is specified, a areas existing of all is displayed and the user is again prompted to enter an area when an existing area name has been specified, name. the user is asked to specify the new name for the area.. list. New When. name?. name that validbeen. does not duplicate an existing area's specified, the area has a new name and the Area Section menu reappears. i,sj ",ejected,, Tf option the Schema Display menu appears and the user can select any of its options to see a desired aspect of the schema. name. 5.. If. a. has. ,q. Schema Display: (A) mea display. (I) Item display (R) Record display (S) Set display (W) Write DDL file (E) Exit to path specification. Selection?. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro. Data. Base Systems,. Inc.. 9.

(12) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. - II.. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. -. MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. portion of the schema that is displayed is entirely up schema alterations that have to date, reflecting all DBRS When occurred in the present Analyzer session. E) processing for any selected option is (other than completed, the Schema Display menu automatically reappears.. The. a). is selected, the user is prompted for an an existing area name is entered, that area's characteristics displayed. are Alternatively, the user the can simply press the Return key to have characteristics user of all areas displayed. the If enters a ? or a non-existent area name, a list of all area names is shown and the user is again prompted for. If area. option. .. When. name.. an area. b). A. name.. is selected,. option If record typei. is prompted for a simply the presses If Return key, a list of all existing record types and all By respective is data items displayed. their responding with a ? or non-existent record type, the user is shown a list of record types only. In either the user is again prompted for a record type case, When name. this has been furnished, the user is prompted for the name of a data item in this record type. name.. the user. the. user. When. name existing is an item the entered, characteristics instead of that item are displayed. If the user simply presses the Return key, characteristics a of all of the record type's items are displayed. If ? a specified, is non-existent of of item or list all the record type's items is shown and the user is again prompted for an item name.. C). d). option If record type. is prompted for a name. an existing record type name is are entered, that record type's characteristics displayed. the user can simply press Alternatively, key the Return of all to have the characteristics a ? user record types displayed. the enters or a If a non-existent record type name, list of all record type names is shown and the user is again prompted for a record type name.. If option name.. R. is selected,. the. user. When. is selected, the user is prompted for a set an existing set name is entered, that set's characteristics are displayed. the user Alternatively, key have simply the Return press can the to characteristics of all sets displayed. the user If enters a ? or a non-existent set name, a list of all set names is shown and the user is again prompted for a set name. S. When. 10. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems.. Inc..

(13) MDBS. DBRS. - II.. MANUAL. e). SCHEMA. ALTERATION. -. TE. 6.. W. the. screen. If option reappears.. nptiQn. made. can be now can. types. C. the The. Record. MANUAL. DBRS. to is prompted user DDL a on which be written. specification for the current schema the user presses the return key without specifying a name, the DDL text is displayed on the console option If indicate. selected, is name of. the. a. file. If file f). MOBS. Type. E. is. the. selected,. will. Area. menu. then alterations i5 $e1ected, no further area Thie user in the present DBRS Analyzer session. schema's record begin making alterations to the E. Alterations. The second kind of schema alterations that can be schema's types (including their respective record following menu appears: Record. Section. made. data. concern. items).. Section:. (A) Add new (C) Change. record type existing record type (D) Delete existing record type (R) Rename record type (S) Schema display (E) Exit to Set Section Selection? option other than E is selected, the user is prompted to when processing is completed supply appropriate kinds of information. When menu reappears. desired for that option, the Record Section all E be made, been have option can alterations the to record types proceed alterations. selected to to set. When. any. l.. Tf nption.. iÁ $e]ected,, the user is first asked to specify Return key is pressed the new record type's name. the If before a name is entered, the user is returned to the Record a series of prompts Once a name is entered, Section menu. mode determine the then appears record type's location to The exact prompts (clustered, in specific areas. CAjjCed). that appear in this series depends on how the user responds For instance, to the prompts. clustering is selected, then prompts for area placements and CALC key specifications The default response not appear. for any prompt is will Simply pressing the Return indicated in square brackets. (Enter) key results in the default response. If some in other the user explicitly types and is desired, response Return to signal that the response presses is complete. If an invalid response is made, the prompt reappears. A. if. it. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro. Data. Base Systems,. Inc.. li. —.

(14) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. u.. -. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. -. MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. is specified, Title is desired, simply title If When press Return flor the Title prompt. all desired key for synonvms have been entered, simply press the Return. Once the new record and Synonym prompts the. type's location appear.. mode. no. Synonym prompt.. the Item Section menu appears to allow specify the new record type's data items.. Now. Item. the user to. Section for record type rrrrrrrru (A) Add new item (C) Change existing item (D) Deleting existing ítem (M) Move item ítem Schema display. (R) (S) (E). Rename. Exit Selection? When any option other than E is selected, the user is When prompted to supply appropriate information. processing completed the Section menu is for that option, have Item When been specified for items reappears. all desired the new record type, the E option can be selected to cause the Record Section menu to reappear. a) option A is selected, a series of prompts appear. These ask the user to indicate the characteristics of the new data item.. If. Item name? Item type (Unsígn,1nt,Char,String,Bin,Real,ídEc,Time,Date)? 1 Item length? { [ ] Number of repetitions? [ ] Encrypted?. Title?. Synonym? f ] access? [ Write access? 1 Check range? [ Upper range value? Lower range value? Read. ] [ [. 1. ]. these prompts include a default response in square brackets. A default response can be selected by simply pressing the Return (Enter) key. type in the Alternatively, the usereachcan directly The end of a desired prompt. response for Item is signaled by pressing the Return key. response name has no default response and must be explícitly Simp1y pressing return for by the user. entered title Sy'nonyms are specified one per in do title. results When no more synonyms Synonym prompt. remain to be pressed in response to the declared, the Return key is Synonym prompt. an invalid response is made to a the response is ignored and the prompt prompt, Depending on the field type, some range reappears. prompts may not appear. Some of enclosed. If. 12. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc..

(15) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. MANUAL. SCHEMA MDBS DBRS ALTERATION - II. After all item prompts have been answered, a summary of and new the. data item's characteristics the Anályzer asks OK?. is diaplayed. Iyesl. of no gives the user a chance to change the item's characteristics. Alternatively, pressing key causes the Return the Item Section menu to reappear.. A. response. new. is selected, the user is first asked of the new record type's items is to. option If indicate which. b). C. changed.. Item. to. be. name?. item. user can type in the name of an existing Pressing the Return key without entering a name returns the user to the Item Section menu and no change is made. a ? or the name of a nonAlternatively, a existent item is specified, list of all of the record type's items is shown and the prompt reappears. When a has the been made. is asked to user valid entry the new indicate item's characteristics.. The. if. Item type (Unsign,Int.Char,String,Bin,Real.idEc,Time,Date)? Item length? [ ] [ ] Number of repetitions? [. Encrypted? [. Title? Synonym?. [. ]. ]. ] [. ]. [ ] Read access? [ ] access? Write ] Check range? [ Upper range value? Lower range value?. [ [. ] ]. Default responses shown in square brackets indicate the A default item's current characteristics. response can be selected by simply pressing the Return (Enter) key. of a Alternatively, the user can type in the new value made characteristic. response to a isthe If an invalid prompt, and prompt the response is ignored Depending some on the field type, range reappears. prompts may not appear. C). IE option which of. deleted.. Item. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro. D. is selected, the user is asked to indicate new record type's data items is to be. the. name?. Data. Base Systems,. Inc.. 13.

(16) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. - II.. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. -. MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. The. item. user can specify the name of an existing Pressing the Return key without entering a name returns and the user to the Item Section menu no item is a ? deleted. specified, or non-existent item is If then a list of all of the new record type's existing items is shown and the user is again prompted for the When name of the item to be deleted. item an existing has been specified, name is deleted from the record type and the Item Section menu reappears. the user is asked to indicate If optionitem isis selected, which in the to be moved to a new position record type.. it. d). M. Item. name?. Pressing the Return key without entering a name returns the user to the Item Section menu and no item movement occurs. when the response is a ? or non-existent item, a is displayed list of all of the record type'sWhenitems and the user is again prompted. item an existing has name been specified, is prompted the user to which item the "moved" item should follow indicate in To move the item prior to all others the record type. in the record type, the user would simply press the key in response Return to this prompt. Iii any case, the desired item repositioning occurs and the Item Section menu reappears. e). option R is selected, If which of the record type's Old. user is asked to indicate items is to be renamed.. the. name?. When. the response is a ? or non-existent item, a of all of the record type's items is displayed and When an existing item name user is again prompted. been the user is prompted to indicate specified, item's new name. New. list the has. the. name?. with an invalid name (e.g., a name in the record type), then the When an ignored and the prompt reappears. has been name new specified, the IteIn reappears.. the user responds If that already exists response. is. acceptable Section menu. 14. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc.. ".

(17) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. f). - II.. ALTERATION. SCHEMA. option S is selected, If allowing the user to appears the schema. Schema. MDBS. -. DBRS. MANUAL. menu Schema Display see any desired aspect of. the. Display: display (I) Item display (R) Record display (S) Set display (W) Write DDL file (E) Exit. ". (A) Area. Selection? is of the schema selected for display schema alterations up to date, reflecting all entirelyhave that occurred in the present DBRS Analyzer When the user may be session. an option is selected, prompted for an area, item, record type, or set name. Ttie of all user can respond with a ? to see a list When names. existing processing for any selected the Schema Display option (other than E) is completed, To return menu automatically reappears. to the item option. Section menu, the user selects the The. portion. E. Section menu is selected,the reappears. Tf opr.ion c .is sejected,, the user is first asked to indicate which record type needs to be changed. g). 2.. option e in the If Record Section menu. Record. Item. name?. user can type in the name of an existing record type. pressing the Return key without entering a name returns the user to the Record Section menu and no change occurs. If a ? a of or a non-existent record type is specified, all list existing record types is displayed and the user is again prompted whose of a record type to enter the name When changed. be characteristics an existing record are to type has been specified, a series of prompts appear allowing The mode. the user to change this record type's location present location mode is indicated by the default responses shown The user in square brackets. presses the Return key these prompts, (Enter) for no location mode change is desired. The. if. Next,. titleshownandin synonym square. any). (if desired. simply. prompts. appear. brackets. the Return. If. key. and. with present values no. change titleeliminate. To. is. press an press the space bar then the Return key. type in the new a synonym Similarly, need to be changed, key. To press the Return bar and key. Return then the press the space type in the new synonym.. existing title, Otherwise, does not eliminate Otherwise,. title.. if. it,. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc.. 15.

(18) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. - II.. SCHEMA. the Item Section change the record type's. Now. ALTERATION. menu. data. appears. items.. -. MDBS. to allow. DBRS. the. MANUAL. user. to. Item Section for record type rrrrrrrr: (A) Add new item (C) Change existing item (D) Deletiííg existing item (FI) Move item (R) Rename item (S) Schema display (E) Exit. ". Selection? When. other than E is selected, is the user When processing appropriate information. the Item that option, Section menu When have been specified for reappears. all desired items the existing record type, the E option can be selected to cause the Record Section menu to reappear.. any option prompted to supply is completed for. a). If. option. the. new. These. Item. A. a series of prompts is selected, appear. of to indicate the characteristics. ask the user data item.. name?. type (Unsign,Int,Char,String,Bin,Real.idEc,Time,Date)? Item length? [ ] [ ] Number of repetitions? Item. [. Encrypted?. ]. Title? Synonym? ] [ Read access? [ ] access? Write ) Check range? [ Upper range value? Lower range value?. [ [. ] ]. these prompts response include a default in square brackets. A default response can be selected by simply pressing the Return (Eñter) key. Alternatively, the usereachcan prompt. directly Thetypeend in thea for desired response of is signaled by pressing the Return key. response Item has name be explicitly and must no default response Simply pressing return for entered by the user. Synonyms are specified one per in no results When remain Synonym prompt. to be no more synonyms the key pressed declared, is in response to the Return Synonym prompt. an invalid response is made to a and prompt, prompt the response is ignored the some Depending range on the field type, reappears. prompts may not appear. Some. of. enclosed. title. title.. If. 7. 16. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro. Data. Base Systems,. Inc..

(19) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. SCHEMA. - II.. ALTERATION. -. MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. item prompts have been answered, a summary of is displayed and data item's characteristics the Analyzer asks. After the. all. new. OK?. lyesl. of no gives the user a chance to change the pressing item's characteristics. Alternatively, key to the Item Section menu causes the Return reappear.. a response new. the option C is selected, If indicate which of the existing. b). to be changed. Item. is first asked record type's items. is. name?. type in the name of an can pressing the Return key without entering the user to the Item Section menu and made. a ? or the Alternatively, The. to. user. user. existing a. no. name. item. returns. is. change. of a nona existent item is specified, list of all of the record type's items is shown and the prompt reappears. When a valid entry has been made, the user is asked to indicate the item's new characteristics.. if. name. (Unsign,Int,Char,String,Bin,Real,idEc,Time,Date)? Item length? [ ] [ ] Number of repetitions? Item. type. [. Encrypted?. Title? Synonym?. [. [. ]. ]. ] [. ]. [ ] Read access? [ ] access? Write ] Check range? [ Upper range value? Lower range value?. [ [. ] ]. Default responses shown in square brackets indicate the A default item's current characteristics. response can be selected by simply pressing the Return (Enter) key. value of a Alternatively, the user can type in the new made characteristic. is an invalid response to a If prompt, and prompt the is ignored the response some Depending range on the field type, reappears. prompts may not appear.. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc.. 17.

(20) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL C). SCHEMA ALTERATION - II. the user is If option D theis selected, which new data. of deleted.. Item. record type's. MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. to indicate items is to be. asked. name? —. The. user can specify the name of item. an existing Pressing the Return key without entering a name returns the user to the Item Section menu and no item is deleted. specified, If a ? or non-existent item is then a list of all of the existing record type's items is shown and the user is again prompted existing when an of the item to be deleted. for the name existing item name has been specified, is deleted from menu the record type and the Item Section reappears.. it. d). If optionitem which M. record type. Item. is selected, the user be moved to a is to. is asked to indicate position in the. new. name?. Pressing the Return key without entering a name returns th user to the Itein Section menu and no item movement When the response is a ? or non-existent item, ocurs. a of all of the record type's items is displayed When and list the user is again prompted. an existing item has name been is prompted specified, the user to indicate the which item the "moved" item should follow To move the item prior to in the record type. all others in the record type, the user would simply press key in response the Return to this prompt. In any the desired item repositioning occurs and the case, Item Section menu reappears. e). IE option which of Old. R is selected, the user is asked to indicate the record type's items is to be renanied. name?. the response is a ? or non-existent item, a items is displayed and all of the record type's When item name user is again prompted. an existing been specified, the user is prompted to indicate item's new name.. When. of. New. list the has. the. name?. invalid name (e.Cio, a name If the user responds within an then the that already exists the record type), When is ignored and the prompt reappears. response an has been specified, the Item acceptable new name Section menu reappears.. 18. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc..

(21) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. f). - II.. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. option S is selected, If appears allowing the user to the schema. Schema. MDBS. -. DBRS. MANUAL. the menu Schema Display see any desired aspect of. Display:. —. display (I) Itein display (R) Record display (S) Set display (W) Write DDL file (E) Exit (A) Area. .. Selection? is of the schema selected for display to date, reflecting all schema alterations Analyzer occurred in the present DBRS When session. the user may be an option is selected, prompted for an area, item, record type, or set name. The user of all can respond with a ? to see a list When existing names. processing for any selected option (other than E) is completed, the Schema Display To menu automatically reappears. return to the item Section menu, the user selects the option.. The. portion. up entirely that have. E. g) 3.. option E in the If Record Section menu. Section reappears. Item. menu. IE. is. selected,the. Qptiorl P is selected, the user is asked to indicate record type is to be deleted. Record The. type. which. name?. type in the name of an existing record type. Pressing the Return key without specifying a name returns the user to the Record Section menu and no deletion occurs. ? or a non-existent record type is specified, a list of If a existing recorci types is displayed and the user is again all When prompted to enter the name of the area to be deleted. name has been recorci an existing specified, type is irrevocably deleted from the schema and the Record Tjjpe Section menu reappears. user. can. it. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems, {. Inc.. 19.

(22) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. 4.. i.s $e1ectea,, the user is asked to indicate optioñ existing record type is to be renamed.. - II.. Tf. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. MDBS. -. DBRS. MANUAL. which. R. Old The. name?. can type in the name the Return key without to the Record Section. user. Pressing the user. of an existing specifying a menu. record name. and no renaming. type. returns occurs0. a of record type is specified, listagain If existing non-existent and displayed is user record the types is all When prompted t.o enter a record type name. an existing has name been specified, the user is asked to record type specify the new nante for the record type. a. ?. or. New. name?. that does not duplicate an existing record has been specified, type's the record type has a new name and the Record Type Section menu reappears.. When. 5.. Tf. a. valid name. nptinn. S. name. is sejected,, the Schema Display can select any of its options to. the user aspect of the schema.. menu. see. appears a. and. desired. Schema Display: (A) Area display (I) Itera display (R) Record display (S) Set display (W). (E). write ddl file Exit to path specification. Selection? portion of the schema that is displayed is entirely up schema alterations that have to date, reflecting all DBRS occurred in the present Analyzer session. E) When processing for any selected option (other than is completed, the schema Display menu automatically reappears.. The. 20. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro. Data. Base Systems,. Inc.. ~.

(23) MOBS. DBRS. MANUAL. a). - II.. ALTERATION. -. MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. the user is prompted for an is selected, name. an existing area name is entered, that displayed. area's characteristics are Alternatively, the the user can simply press the Return key to have user the characteristics of all areas displayed. If enters a ? or a non-existent area name, a list of all"" area names is shown and the user is again prompted for. If area. option. an area b). SCHEMA. A. When. name.. the user is prompted for a the simply presses name. user If Return key, a list of all existing record types and all items data By displayed. is respective their responding with a ? or non-existent record type, the is shown a list of record types only. user Iñ either a again prompted is record type user the case, for When has been user furnished, the name. is this prompted for the name of a data item in this record type. option I If record type. is selected,. the. is the an existing item name entered, instead characteristics of that item are displayed. If the user simply presses the Return key, characteristics of all of the record type's items are displayed. If ofa ? a specified, of non-existent item is all or list the record type's items is shown and the user is again prompted for an item name.. When. C). d). e). f) (C). COPYRIGHT. If option record type. the user is prompted for a existing record type name is entered, that record type's characteristics are the user can simply press displayed. Alternatively, the key Return of all to have the characteristics the user enters a ? or a recorci types displayed. If non-existent record type name, a list of all record type names is shown and the user is again prompted for a record type name.. If option When nante.. R. is selected,. name.. when an. is selected, the user is prompted for a set existing set name is entered, that set's characteristics are displayed. the user Alternatively, the key Return have simply can press the to characteristics of all sets displayed. the user If enters a ? or a non-existent set name, a list of all set names is shown and the user is again prompted for a set name. option If indicate. S. an. is selected, the user is prompted to which nante a a of on ddl file specification for the current schema will be written. user presses the return key without specifying a If the name, the ddl text is displayed on the console file screen. option If reappears. 1985. Micro. W. the. E. Data. is selected, Base Systems,. the. Inc.. Record. Section. menu. 21.

(24) MDBS. D.. DBRS. MANUAL. 6.. If option alterations. SCHEMA. - II.. ALTERATION. MDBS. MANUAL. DBRS. record then type no further in the present DBRS Analyzer session. the Analyzer makes various checks At this point, that the altered schema's area and record type to assure specifications are consistent with each other. If they are inconsistent, diagnostic messages (see the last section of are displayed and the Record Section menu this Chapter) reappears. If no inconsistencies are detected, the user can begin making alterations to the schema's sets. js selected,,. F. Alterations. The. third kind of. relationships. among. made. be. can. Set. schema alterations a schema's record. appears: Set. -. that can be The types.. made. concern. following. the menu. Section:. (A) Add a new set (C) Change existing (D) Delete existing (R). Rename. (S) Schema (E) Exit. set set. set display. Selection? option other than E is selected, the user is prompted to When processing is completed supply appropriate kinds of information. When the Set Section menu reappears. for that option, all desired e have been made, the alterations option can be selected to to sets exit from the DBRS Analyzer.. When. any. l.. Tf ask. optjon a i,s seleMed,, the user to indicate Set Set. series of prompts appear. the characteristics of the. These. a. new. set.. name?. type?. [. ]. Fixed retention?. [. 1. Title? Synonym?. Read access? Write access?. [. ] [. ]. asking for general information about the Default responses shown in square brackets can be set. key. by simply pressing the Return (Eriter) utilized key a name Return instead of entering pressing the set Pressing the returns the usee to the Set Section menu. key Return in no for the Title or Synonym prompt results respectively. an response synonym, or to a invalid If titíe is given, then and prompt prompt the is ignored reappears. These. prompts. are. new. it. 22. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc.. ".

(25) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. -. II.. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. MDBS. -. DBRS. MANUAL. about the new set, the Following the general information is prompted for information about the set's owner(s).. user. record types:. Enter owner Owner record?. —. 0 0 0. Owner record? Auto owner insertion?. [. ]. The user must supply the name of an existing record type in ? a Owner record prompt. or a nonresponse to the of existing record existent record type is specified, a types is displaved and the prompt reappears. When a valid owner record has been identified, the user is prompted for further owner record types. When all desired owner record types for a set have been specified, the user presses the Return key in response to the next Owner record prompt.. first. If. list. the new set has Further owner information prompts appear These ask for information about the an NM or N: 1 type. owner order.. if. order (Fifo,Lifo,Next,Prior,1mmat,Sorted)?. Owner. a sorted order is requested concerning the owner sort key.. If. there are. [. 1. further prompts. Enter owner sort key items:. Item? Ascending?. [. ]. * 0 0. Item. ?. Duplicates Index. (NOt. width?. [. allowed,Fifo,Lifo,lmmat)?. [. ]. 1. The. items that constitute an owner sort key are entered one Each is followed by a prompt asking per Item prompt. whether an ascending or descending sort is to be used flor that ítem. When all items for the sort key have been specified in the desired sequence, the user simply presses The the Return key in response to the Item prompt. Duplicates and Index width prompts then appear.. for the new set has been After all owner information supplied, the user is prompted for information about the member(s). set's. Enter member Member record?. record Wpes:. 0. aember Auto (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. record? member insertion?. [. I. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc.. 23.

(26) MOBS. DBRS. MANUAL. - II.. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. MDBS. -. MANUAL. DBRS. name of an existing record type in supply the Member a a ? or record prompt. to the first If a non-existent record type is specified, list of existing When a record types is displayed and the prompt reappears. member has been record valid identified,When the user is prompted for further member record types. all desired member record types for a set have been specified, the user presses the Return key in response to the next Member record. TPíe. user response. must. prompt.. Further member information prompts appear the a These ask for information N or type. I: l: member order.. if. l. new. set has the. about. [. order (Fifo,Lifo,Next,Prior,lmmat,Sorted)?. Member. a sorted order is requested If concerning the member sort key.. Item? Ascending?. prompts. sort key items:. member. Enter. further. there are. ]. [. ]. © 0 O. Item. ?. Duplicates (NOt allowed,Fifo,Lifo,lmmat)? ] Index width? [. [. ]. The items that constitute a member sort key are entered one Each Item prompt. per followed by a prompt asking is whether an ascending sort is to be used for or descending When that item. all items for the sort key have been specified in the desired sequence, the user simply presses The key in response the Return to the Iteln prompt. and Index prompts Duplicates then appear. width. .. 24. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro. Data. Base Systems,. Inc.. ".

(27) MDBS. DBRS. 2.. MANUAL. If. SCHEMA. - II.. ALTERATION. optjon c isj sejected,, the user set needs to be changed.. which. Set. is. -. first. MDBS. asked. DBRS. MANUAL. to indicate. name?. The user can type in the name of an existing set. pressing the Return key without entering a name returns the user to the Set Section menu and no change is made. Alternatively, then a a ? of or non-existent set is specified, and existing sets is displayed the user is again prompted to are to be enter the name of the set whose characteristics When a has changed. been specified, series an existing set These give the user an opportunity of prompts appear. to alter the set's existing characteristics.. list. if. [ ] Set type? Fixed retention?. Title?. [. [. all. ]. ]. ] Synonym? [ Read access? Write access?. [. ] L. l. is shown present nature (if any) of each characteristic change desired is in to a square no brackets. If merely Return (Eñter) characteristic, the presses the user by key. be eliminated An existing synonym can or title To make a pressing the space bar and then the Return key. change to a characteristic, the user explicitly types in the new value. The end of this response is signaled by pressing the Return key. If an invalid response is made to a prompt, the response is ignored and the prompt reappears.. The. Following about owner. the opportunity to change general information set, the user gets a chance to change the set's characteristics. a. Edit set owner? [ Owner record?. Iyesl ]. 0 E e. Owner record? Auto owner insertion?. [. ]. ,. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro. Data. Base Systems,. Inc.. 25.

(28) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. - II.. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. -. DBRS. MDBS. MANUAL. If. no changes responds to. are desired to the owner information, the user This causes the first prompt with: n or no. processing to proceed to member information. If the response appears to the first prompt is yes, then a prompt The record type the set's owning record types. for each of name of each is enclosed in square brackets. If the user presses the Return key, the record type remains as an owner oE the set. If the user presses the space bar and then the then the record type is no longer an owner of Return key, the set. The record type can be replaced as an owner of the set by typing in the name of a different record type. After prompts have been issued for all existing the Owner owners, simply record prompt continues to appear until the user presses the Return key to indicate that no additional owners are to be added to the set. prompts information Further the owner appear set presently has an N:M or N: type. These give an opportunity to change the owner order.. if. l. Owner. If the further. [. order (Fifo,Lifo,Next,Prior,lmmat,Sorted)?. response prompts. indicates a sorted order, then there allowing the sort key to be altered.. Edit owner sort key items?. Item? [ Ascending?. ]. [. ]. are. Iyesj. ]. 0 0 0. Item?. Duplicates (Not allowed,Fifo,Lifo,lmmat)? ] Index width? [. [. ]. if. any, are shown (in square sort key's existing items, a key, keeps time. Pressing the Return brackets) one at key. bar and Pressing the space then that item in the sort The item the Return key removes the item from the sort key. can be replaced by entering a new item. In cases where the the a chance removed, user is given item is not to request When items have ascending or descending sorting for all the the been desired sequence, in simply user specified Thé presses the Return key in response to the Item prompt. and and Index be prompts width can Duplicates then appear changed desired. The. it.. if. ,. 26. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc.. _.

(29) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. - II.. ALTERATION. SCHEMA. -. DBRS. MDBS. MANUAL. any) have been made to the set's owner After changes (if the information, user is given an opportunity to change the member information.. ". Edit set member? Iyesl ] Member record?. i. 0 0 0. Member. Auto. record?. insertion?. member. [. ]. the no changes are desired to the member information, n responds prompt with: This user no. to the or the information. causes processing to proceed to member then a prompt prompt is yes. appears response to the The record type for each of the set's owning record types. name the user of each is enclosed in square brackets. the Return key, presses the record type remains as a member of the set. the user presses the space bar and then the then the record type is no longer a member of key, Return the set. The record type can be replaced as a member of the set by typing in the name of a different record type. After issued for all have been members, prompts the existing Member prompt continues to appear the user record until simply presses the Return key to indicate that no additional members are to be added to the set.. If. first. If. first. If. If. member prompts information Further the set appear a has N These give an opportunity presently or l: type. I: to change the member order.. if. l. Member. Edit. order (Fifo,Lifo,Next,prior,lmmat,Sorted)? sort key items?. member ] [. Item? Ascending?. [. I. ]. lyesl. ]. 0 * e. Item?. Duplicates (NOt allowed,Fifo.Lifo.lmmat)? ] Index width? [. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro. Data. msé Systems,. Inc.. [. ]. 27.

(30) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. - II.. SCAEMA. ALTERATION. The. -. MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. sort key's existing items, any, are shown (in square brackets) one at a time. Pressing the Return key keeps that item in the sort key. Pressing the space bar and then the key removes the item from the sort key. Return The item can be replaced by entering a new item. where the item In cases is not removed, the user is given a chance to request When ascending sorting for or descending all items have been specified in the desired sequence, simply the user the Return key in response Rte prompt. Item presses to the Duplicates and Index width prompts then appear and can be changed desired.. if. it.. if. a summary of the set's the set has been changed, characteristics is shown and the Analyzer asks. When. OK?. new. [yest. response of no gives the user a chance to change the set's characteristics. Alternatively, pressing the Return key causes the Set Section menu to reappear.. A. 3.. Tf nptÍoñ.. set. n is selected,, to be deleted.. is. Set. the. user. is asked to indicate. which. name?. The user can type in the name of an existing set. the Return key without specifying a name returns the Set Section menu and no deletion occurs.. Pressing the user to a ? or a If a non-existent set is specified, existing of sets all list displayed and the user is again prompted to enter the is When name an existing of the set to be deleted. set name has been suppliect, is irrevocably deleted from the schema and the Set Section menu reappears.. it. 4g. Tf. optjon p js se1ecteap the user existing set is to be renamed. Old. is asked to indicate. which. name?. Pessing user can type in the name of an existing set. te Return key without specifying a nante returns the user to the Set Section menu and no renaming occurs. If a ? or nona existent set is specified, list of all existing sets is displayed and the user is again prompted to enter a set When specified, name. an existing set name has been the user is asked to specify the new name for the set.. The. New When name. a. valid. has been. Section. 28. name?. menu. that does not duplicate an existing set's the set has a new name and the Set specified, reappears.. (C). name. COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc.. _.

(31) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. 5.. Tf. - II.. optioñ. the user aspect of. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. -. j's 5e1ecred,, the Schema Display can select any of its options to the schema. S. MANUAL. MDBS. DBRS. menu. appears. see. a. and. desired. Schema Display: (A) Area display. -. (I) Item display (R) Record display (S) Set display (W) Write DDL file (E) Exit to path specification. Selection? portion of the schema that is displayed is entirely up have schema alterations that When to date, reflecting all DBRS the occurred in Analyzer session. E) present (other than processing for any selected option is menu completed, Schema automatically reappears. the Display. The. a). is selected, the user is prompted for an existing area name is entered, that displayed. are area's characteristics Alternatively, the user can simply press the Return key to have the the user characteristics of all areas displayed. If ? a a a of all non-existent area name, enters or list prompted shown and area names is the user is again for. If option area name.. an area. b). a. when an. name.. option I If record type. is selected,. for a the user is prompted the presses name. If the user simply Return key, a list oE all existing record types and all data items By displayed. respective is their responding with a ? or non-existent record type, the is shown a list of record types only. user Iii either the case, user is again prompted for a record type When name. this has been furnished, the user is prompted for the name of a data item in this record type. +. When. an existing is item name entered, the characteristics instead of that item are displayed. If the user simply presses the Return key, characteristics of all of the record type's items are displayed. If ofa ? a or non-existent item is specified, of list the record type's items is shown and the user is all again prompted for an item name.. C). .. (C). COPYRIGHT. If option record type. is selected, When. the user is prompted for a existing record type name is entered, that are record type's characteristics the user can simply press displayed. Alternatively, key the Return of all to have the characteristics a ? record types displayed. user the enters or a If non-existent record type name, a list of all record type names is shown and the user is again prompted for a record type name. 1985. R. name.. an. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc.. 29.

(32) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. d). 6.. - II.. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. MDBS. -. DBRS. MANUAL. is selected, the user is prompted for a set an existing set name is entered, that set's characteristics the user are displayed. Alternatively,have can simply the press the Return key to characteristics user the of all sets displayed. If enters a ? or a non-existent set name, a list of all set names is shown and the user is again prompted for a set name.. If optionwhen name. S. e). option If indicate. W. the user is selected, is prompted to DDL a a 'name of which on the file specification for the current schema will be written. the Return key without specifying a user presses If the name, DDL the text is displayed on the console file screen.. f). option If reappears.. E. Tf optic)n. is. selected,. the. Set. Section. menu. is ¶e1ect.ed,r no further set alterations can be DBRS in the present Añalyzer session. At this point the Analyzer makes various checks to assure that the altered schema's and type are set specifications area, recorct each consistent with other. inconsistent, are they If diagnostic messages (see the last section of this chapter) displayed 'and the Set Section menu reappears. are If no inconsistencies are detected, the user can proceed to specify physical structuring strategies to be followed during data base regeneration. e. made. E.. Path. Specifications. A paths can be specified for use in restructuring. path does not in any way affect the schema. Instead, is stated in terms of the schema (as altered with the Set Section menu) and is used As in MDBS of the data base. to govern the physical restructurinq A path begins with a qrs, a path is simply a sequence of set names. by a SYSTEM-owned Each pair of sets in a path must be mediated set. a path must be words. completely record other type. In different A set's name and cannot contain loops. connected can be prefaced with member > symbol to indicate an upstream path the to owner) (i.e., direction for that set. One. 30. or more. it. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc.. -.

(33) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. - II.. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. MDBS. -. DBRS. MANUAL. IEMP. i. ) BIOGRAPH. EMPLOYEE. DEPT. ID IDEP. ,. HAS. NAME. ). LASTNAME. DNUM!3£R. FNAME. ". LOCATION. DETAILS. LINE. p. PASTJOBS YTDEARN. SYSTEM. A. ;POSSESS. FILLEDBY SKILL. JOB. !JOB. JOBCODE. '. Figure For. DESCRIPT. descript. II-I.. l. SKILCODE. NEEDS. rating. Schema. jlsKL. for the. JOBS. Data. Base. example, IDEP.HAS,POSSESS is a valid path IDEP,HAS,>FILLEDBY,NEEDS is a valid path IDEP.POSSESS is invalid skips HAS) IJOB,>POSSESS,>HAS is invalid skips NEEDS) IJOB,NEEDS,>POSSESS,>EILLEDBY is invalid loops into JOB) HAS,POSSESS begin does with a SYSTEM-owned is invalid not. (it. (it. (it. (it. set). MDBS QRS uses a path to determine the relationships that are to DBRS when be used path an MDBS data is retrieved. In contrast, subsequent the governs physical clustering of all records existing data base along During the that specified path of relationships. a a along restructuring, depthpath are clustered in related records For instance, specifying the path fashion.. first. IDEP.HAS,DETAILS BIOGRAPH each cause will EMPLOYEE which record. record to be clustered near its related DEPT is, inDEPTturn, clustered near its relatedEMPLOYEE Thus. a record. for given record, all of its related and each of these EMPLOYEE records are clustered about records is accompanied by its related BIOGRAPH record.. it. a sub-clustering highly congested situations, strategy is data For instance, base during the restructuring. of all a department's employee records (and their related biographical records) cannot be arranged in a single cluster, they are grouped into distinct sub-clusters.. In. employed. (C). COPYRIGHT. if. 1985. Micro. Data. Base Systems,. Inc.. 31.

(34) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. Múltiple. The. - II.. paths. can be. initial. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. specified ". -. MDBS. before leaving the. DBRS. DBRS. MANUAL. AñUyzer.. Path? —. will. When the path has been specified. any) desired restructuring paths, (if in response to the Path prompt.. prompt reappear after each has finished specifying user the Return (Enter) key is pressed. all. The order in which multiple paths are specified is importantg Path clustering be performed the path, then a second, for and sq forth. Once a record has been clustered for a path, is not shifted to ctifferent positions in subsequent path clusterings.. will. first. it. the schema specifies that occurrences of a record type are to be CAl,Ced, then the placement of those records' physical positions are determined by their CALC key values without regard to path clustering. DEPT had a CALC location mode and the For instance,. If. if. IDEP,HAS,DETAILS. clustering. path is requested, the DEPT records are first loaded based BIOGRAPH and on their CALC key values. related EMPLOYEE Later, DEPT about the appropriate records are clustered recordsclustered record location mode that can be specified sctienía, in path clustering controls record positioning only during the data does not govern base restructuring physical process. It placements ongoing record basis after the data base has been on an restructured. In the course of data base restructuring, all requested path clusterings take precedence over the clustered record location modes (if any) specified in the schema's record section. Unlike. the. a. F.. Interactive. DBRS. Analyzer Diagnostics. diagnostics can occur when alterations are being specified interactively to the Analyzer. Such an error must be corrected before proceeding to specify the next alteration. These. ***. a maximum. of 255 repetitions. repeating occurrence.. field. A. *** a maximum of. _. Tlíe indicated per data base. 32. cannot. areas. may. number. in. this. (C). are. permitted. have more be. than 255 values. per. record. defined. of areas is the maximum that can be defined environment.. COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc..

(35) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. - II.. *** area. MDBS. -. DBRS. MANUAL. already exists. having An area Two base. areas. ***. ALTERATION. SCHEMA. the indicated. cannot. area. have. cannot. already exists in. name same. the. name.. this data. contain record. indicated record type's occurrences will be too long to allow Record size should be in the specified area's pages. to diminished or area page size should be increased in order to allow the area to contain occurrences of the record type.. The them. ***. fit. does. area. not exist. non-existent area cannot spelling of the area name.. A. be. altered or. *** area requests page size of *** the main data base area's page size. _. deleted.. Check. the. bytes;. bytes limits this to An excessive page size has been requested. In this environment, the main area's page size limits the size of pages in extra. _. areas.. ***. key. CALC. item. indicated. Thé Thus,. it. *** cannot. does. cannot. not exist. in record. item does not exist in the specified record in that record type's CALC key. participate. type.. display schema. Schema. information will not be shown for a data base initialized the DBRS Analyzer does not have the same usage for serial number as the DDL Analyzer that performed the initialization.. if. OEM. ***. cannot. on SAl. save. file. to operating system security, the schema information cannot be saved on the indicated SAl file.. Due. ***. EOF. encountered. There. are. no. in SAl further. file:. alteration. batch processing completed. alterations. in the SAl. file.. *** excessive date or time value The largest time that can 255: 55:55. The largest upper beyond the lower bound.. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. be. specified for a time range is for a date range is 127 years. bound. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc.. 33.

(36) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. - II.. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. DBRS. MDBS. -. MANUAL. *** excessive input ignored A. range. value cannot. *** high date. must. of. further. date. range. in SAl. file:. cannot. identical. range. The upper. and. be. in. the. A. ***. file. SAl. lower range boundaries should. be. has been. non-integer. invalid character in. an. entered where an integer. numeric. idec item. slash (I) delimiter.. cannot. is expected.. range. value. value.. A A. time delimiter. or. A. be. of decimal. number. invalid date. can. different.. A non-numeric character cannot appear in a numeric minus decimal or point cannot appear in an unsigned decimal cannot appear in an integer value. point. ***. lower. values. digits The number of decimal digits specified for exceed the total number of digits. *** integer cannot have fractional parts. *** improper. the. less than. batch processing completed. alteration information. processed.. ***. low. date. a. *** líO error encountered No. longer than the item's size.. not precede. bound. The upper bound.. be. is. a. valid. invalid selection Only the listed options *** invalid set name:. date. delimiter.. A. colon. is. a. valid time. ***. The. 34. indicated. name. (C). cannot. are. eligible for selection.. serve. COPYRIGHT. as. 1985. a. set name.. Micro. Data. Base Systems,. Inc..

(37) MDBS. DBRS. - II.. MANUAL. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. DBRS. MDBS. -. MANUAL. already exists. *** item. item already exists in the record type being indicated A altered. record type cannot contain two items with the same. The. name.. *** item A. not exist. does. item cannot. non-existent. *** item size out of. or deleted.. be changed. range. specified size is too large for the item's type System pertinent Specific or DDL Manual).. (see. The. *** maximum index. width is. indicated width is the largest. The. *** multiple of 256 bytes only In this environment, an area. permissible. page. bytes.. *** no member record types specified indicated. The. ***. no owner. set must have. size must be. than the. a. this sort multiple. key.. of 256. for set member. record type.. for set. 3. through. this environment,. more. for. set must have an owner record type.. *** number of pages must be from In. a. record types specified. indicated. The. the. an area cannot have indicated number of pages.. fewer. than. 3. pages.. nor. *** numerical overflow The number. is too large.. *** numerical underflow Tibie number is too small. *** page size must exceed 255 In this environment, a page size. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro. Data. cannot. Base Systems,. be. less than 256.. Inc.. 35.

(38) MDBS. MANUAL. DBRS. *** path not A. path. do. ***. not. be. SCHEMA. between. connected must have. II.. a. connected. MDBS. -. DBRS. MANUAL. and. sets. record type. a. ALTERATION. sequence. in common.. of sets.. The. indicated. sets. out of order. ranges A. -. range's lower. *** record. ". bound. must. be. less than. its. bound.. upper. already exists. The. indicated record type ajreaífy exists in the schema. record types in the same schema cannot have the same name.. *** record. does. not exist. record type cannot be changed in the schema.. A. or deleted. if it. does. location requested in area of set record type does not participate in set. of the indicated the specified set, because (member) of the set.. Occurrences. set. not. location requested defined. of the indicated non-existent set.. record type. be. indicated set already exists in the schema. contain two sets with the same name.. A. aíxeady. *** set. does. A. non-existent. *** set The. 36. not. first. :. clustered. for. exists. The. *** set. ". in area of set cannot. a. :. record type cannot be clustered for the record type is not an owner. been. Occurrences. exist. not. *** record type. *** record type has. Two. schema. cannot. not exist be changed. set cannot SYSTEM. set in. a. (C). or deZeted.. owned path. must. COPYRIGHT. be system-owned.. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc..

(39) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. - II.. *** sort key item. has. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. MDBS. -. different replication. MANUAL. DBRS. counts. the indicated item order to participate in a sort key, (owner) in every member the same number oft replications forked set. In. have. has. *** sort key item In. have. of. a. different sizes. order to participate in the same size in every. sort key,. a member. (owner). not consistently. *** sort key item. must. the indicated item of a forked set.. must. encrypted. the indicated item cannot In order to participate in a sort key, encrypted for some members (owners) of a forked set and tin-encrypted for others.. be. *** sort key item. not found. in. all. record types. the indicated item must In order to participate in a sort key, exist in all of the fbrked set's member (owner) record types. *** sort key item In. have. ***. SYSTEM. The. ***. order to participate in the same type in every may SYSTEM. SYSTEM. The. may SYSTEM. set.. *** the *** the. not be be. sort key,. a member. cannot. (owner). the indicated item of a forked set.. must. be. a. member. of. a. set.. in. a. multi-owner forked. the only owner. record type cannot be. base area. The main area of a data bases must have a main. be an owner. altered. record type cannot. data. types. member. record type. SYSTEM. main. a. record cannot. SYSTEM. The. of inconsistent. cannot base. be changed be. or deleted.. deleted. cannot. be. deleted,. because. area.. all data. *** too many record types A. schema cannot. contain more than 255 record types.. ,. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro. Data. Base Systems,. Inc.. 37. -.

(40) MDBS. DBRS. - II.. MANUAL. *** value must be from A. ***. value from. YES. To. or. NO. make. YES. or question,. G.. O. ALTERATION. -. MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. through 65535. through 65535 is expected.. response a. O. SCHEMA. expected. YES. response Yes. or yes enter N or n. to an AnalyZer or. To make a NO or no. question,. NO. response. or No.. enter Y or y or to an Andlyzer. Fatal Errors. Fatal errors are possible only after all alterations have been Thé resultant RSD be unusable for subsequent specified. file will be The when used SAl re-invoking decomposition. the DBRS can file the argument) process of producing a Analyzer (with the -I to expedite RSD where the an valía In cases error resultedDMS from fatal file. command the data base internal error in processing, corresponding resulted from an operating status error is also displayed. If system error, that error is also áisplayed.. it. dbrs: write error on aux. lit. table. attempt was made to add information to the auxiliary table, there is no more but was not successful (e.g., memory remaining for the literal table).. Añ. dbrs: cannot. allocate. literal. virtual. memory. Riere is insufficient actual central memory continue to processing. the amount of central memory beyond 128K. Increase Make the schema alterations in smaller, separate sessions. Miriimize the re-alterations within a session.. 38. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc..

(41) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. dbrs: cannot. SCHEMA. - II.. ALTERATION. MDBS. -. MANUAL. DBRS. open. The indicated be sure that. granted write. dbrs: cannot. open. not file iscould on-line. it. it.. to. access. be opened and that. Check to for processing. has system the operating. data base to an invalid data base base's main area must be. due The data base coulá not be opened, data Thé password. name name, user or. on-line.. dbrs: cannot. reallocate. memory. unsuccessful. memory was central attempt to reallocate ptake the Increase the amount of central memory beyond 128K. schema Minimize the rein smaller "chunks." alterations alterations within a session.. An. dbrs: filename error: The indicated name. is not. dbrs: input error on selective The SAl argument. has been file is not an SAl. a. valid file. name.. automatic input. corrupted or the. file.. file file indicated. with. a. -I. dbrs: input/output. error on restructured schema definition file The RSD file is invalid (e.g., due to bad media or insufficient storage capacity).. dbrs: input/output temporary bad media or. A. dbrs:. error on temporary used by file insufficient. invalid title The original. titles. or. or. file. the i'tnalyzer is invalid storage capacity).. data dictionary is corrupted synonyms are unrecognizable.. lit. attempt was made to read information table, but was not successful.. 1985. to. Micro. in such. a. way. that. table. An. COPYRIGHT. due. synonym. dbrs: read error on aux. (C). (e.g.,. Data. Base Systems,. in the. Inc.. auxiliary literal. 39. -_.

(42) MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. - II.. This page. SCHEMA. ALTERATION. -. MDBS. DBRS. MANUAL. intentionally left blank.. ,. 40. (C). COPYRIGHT. 1985. Micro Data Base Systems,. Inc..